FABA BEAN PRODUCTIVITY AS AFFECTED BY NUMBER OF IRRIGATIONS IN NILE DELTA
M.
Kassab
Soils, Water and Environment Res. Inst., Agric. Res. Center.
author
text
article
2010
eng
A field trail was carried out at Sakha Agricultural Research Station, Kafr El-Sheikh Governorate during the two successive winter growing seasons 2008/2009 and 2009/2010. Treatments were: A received 4 irrigations excluding planting irrigation, B received three irrigations after planting watering, C received two irrigations, the first was following sowing and the second was the third as applied for the treatment A, D received two irrigations after the sowing during flowering and maturity stages, E received one irrigation along with sowing irrigation and F was left for rainfall only (without irrigation) after applying the planting watering.
The main target for the current study was to investigate the influence of number of irrigations on faba bean yield, its components and also on some water relations. The main findings of this study could be concluded as follows:
The highest values of water applied [irrigation water (IW) + rainfall (Rf)] were recorded under treatment A (control without stress) which received the high number of irrigations (5 including the sowing) and the seasonal value was 1601.46 m3/fed. (38.13 cm). On the contrary, the lowest value was recorded under the conditions of rainfed treatment (F) of 609.41 m3/fed. (14.51 cm). Also, data clearly illustrated that watering with treatment (B) which received three irrigations excluding the planting one resulted in saving water of about 176.08 m3/fed. (4.19 cm) equivalent to 61 million m3 at the national level. Such saving of water could be used for cultivation new areas.
Regarding crop consumptive use (ETc), data illustrated that with increasing the number of irrigations up to 4.0 excluding the planting one gave the highest seasonal value for crop consumptive use (ETc) comparing with other treatments. The seasonal values for ETc can be arranged in descending order as; 36.93 > 32.60 > 26.60 > 25.05 > 17.09 > 12.37 cm for A, B, D, C, E and F treatments, respectively.
Concerning seed yield (kg/fed.), the highest mean values were recoded under irrigation treatment (B) which received three irrigations following sowing comparing with treatment (A), which received three and four irrigations after sowing, respectively. The mean corresponding values were 1403.33 and 1497.5, kg/fed., respectively. On the contrary, the lowest mean values were recorded under irrigation treatments (E and F) and the mean values were 780.0 and 560.0 kg/fed. in the first and second growing seasons, respectively.
Regarding, all studied parameters such as plant height (cm), 100-seed weight (g), number of pods and number of branches, the highest mean values were recorded under irrigation treatment (A) which received the highest number of waterings. On the other hand, the lowest mean values were recorded under irrigation treatment (F) which left for rainfall during the growing season after planting irrigation.
Journal of Soil Sciences and Agricultural Engineering
Mansoura University, Faculty of Agriculture
2090-3685
1
v.
7
no.
2010
643
651
https://jssae.journals.ekb.eg/article_75116_2a2992fcfb8ada56e562a070019ea873.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.21608/jssae.2010.75116
IMPACTS OF INTENSIVE AGRICULTURAL ACTIVITIES ON ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION RISK OF PHOSPHORUS COMPOUNDS IN SURFACE AND GROUND WATERS.
W.
Mohamed
Soil Science Dept., Fac. Agric., Minia University, El-Minia, Egypt.
author
M.
Abd El-Azeim
Soil Science Dept., Fac. Agric., Minia University, El-Minia, Egypt.
author
A.
Telep
Soil Science Dept., Fac. Agric., Minia University, El-Minia, Egypt.
author
text
article
2010
eng
Over the last twenty years, many intensive agricultural practices have been expanded in the sandy soils of northern coastal area of Nile Delta, Egypt, but with great environmental risks. In particular, substantial surface and groundwater phosphorus pollution has resulted from the coupling of different agricultural production systems demanding large inputs and leaving large organic wastes to be disposed of in physical setting areas that consists of coarse sandy soils and shallow groundwater. Water table piezometers were installed at selected locations include all traditional crop growing sites differently fertilized with mineral fertilizers, poultry manures, fish farming wastes and farmyard manure. Water samples for phosphorus examining were collected from water table piezometers and main surface drains over one year period (4 times) in areas with different and intensive agricultural activities.
From the results of this study, it could be concluded that, based on phosphorus concentrations reported in surface and ground water, organic wastes of fish farming activity represents the highest P pollution potential to sandy soils. In contrast, the lowest risk under the conditions of the studied area was the application of organic and inorganic fertilizers in different combinations under drip irrigation systems. Surface and furrow irrigation systems are likely to show similar P leaching risk when applied to sandy soils. The results of this study indicated that there is a significant relationship between the intensive agricultural activities and water courses contamination.
In general, none of the water samples collected from all piezometers installed closer to or even inside each agricultural activity as well as from main drains had an average phosphorus concentration over 2 mg/l. Concentrations of phosphorus in most groundwater samples were below the recommended level of drinking water for human (1 mg/l). From the results of this study, it appears that P leaching from such sandy soil if managed properly is not sensitive to land management practices and reflecting the low risk of environmental contamination in the studied area.
Journal of Soil Sciences and Agricultural Engineering
Mansoura University, Faculty of Agriculture
2090-3685
1
v.
7
no.
2010
653
666
https://jssae.journals.ekb.eg/article_75150_d2a2a739419ea9efcb9c5c0fa4d756ac.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.21608/jssae.2010.75150
VALUEABLE RICE STRAW IN DAKHALIA GOVERNORATE AS AID OF STRAW MANURE SITU.
E.
Elbanna
Agric. Eng. Dept., Fac. Agric., Mansoura Univ.
author
Safya
El-Gayar
Agric. Eng. Res. Inst., A. R. C, Giza, P.O. 256, Egypt
author
text
article
2010
eng
Lack of adequate nutrient supply and poor soil structure are the principal constraints to crop production under low input agriculture systems of Dakhalia Governorate. The burning of crop residues is one of national problems in Egypt especially after harvesting or threshing operations to the different crops. The distinctive feature of rice straw is that its silicon content of 4.53% is higher than that in wheat straw of 1.28% and it may be much more difficult to process the rice straw (Su et al., 2002) .
Animal compost, organic fertilizer and straw management are among the factors affecting soil fertility in organic cropping systems. However, few studies have compared the effects of organic amendments on soil fertility of organic paddy fields. We conducted a survey of organic farmers’ paddy fields to compare soil nutrients (N, P, K, Ca and Mg), nutrient budgets and partial factor productivity of N (PFPN), and to relate them to organic amendments. This research concentrated on the possibility of using the burring amount of rice straw in Dakhahlia Governorate as field residue. And it will be a good deal situ to dig it through tillage operation to convert it as soil manure.
Journal of Soil Sciences and Agricultural Engineering
Mansoura University, Faculty of Agriculture
2090-3685
1
v.
7
no.
2010
667
679
https://jssae.journals.ekb.eg/article_75151_4e9b58aabec00232043cbf0d06f1aa63.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.21608/jssae.2010.75151
UTILIZATION OF SOLAR ENERGY FOR DRYING SUGAR BEET TOPS
M.
Abu-Habaga
Agric. Eng. Dept., Fac. Agric., Mansoura Univ.
author
M.
El-Kholy
Agric. Eng. Res. Inst., A. R. C, Giza, P.O. 256, Egypt
author
R.
Emara
Agric. Eng. Res. Inst., A. R. C, Giza, P.O. 256, Egypt
author
text
article
2010
eng
A study was carried out to test and evaluate a green house type solar dryer for drying sugar beet tops under three different levels of air velocity (0.4, 0.8, and 1.2 m/sec), three different lengths of beet tops (3, 6, 9 cm) and two different treating conditions (with crushing, and without crushing). The changes in sugar beet tops moisture content was monitored versus the drying time until reaching the proper moisture content of about (12-13 % w.b.). Solar radiation flux incident, bulk temperature of tops, air temperature and relative humidity, overall thermal efficiency of the dryer and the protein content of the dried tops were determined. The results showed that, the hourly average available solar radiations ranged from 598.26 to 663.85 W/m2 during the experimental work. Also, the solar collector of the dryer could increase the air temperature by about 12.6, 12.31 and 12.81oC and decrease the air relative humidity by about 26.06, 23.67 and 20.97 % for air velocity of 0.4, 0.8, and 1.2 m/sec respectively. The reduction rate in moisture content of sugar beet tops was varied and increased with the increase of drying air velocity, decrease of chopping length and for the crushed samples in comparison with the not crushed samples. Also, the constant drying rate period was not detected for all studied levels of drying air velocity, while all the drying process occurred during the falling rate-drying period. The result also show that the use of the green-house type solar dryer with chopping and crushing of the green tops could decrease the drying time of sugar beet tops by about 47 to 59 h in comparison with the traditional drying method which has been taken about 78 hours. The thermal efficiency of the dryer ranged from 34.12 to 22.96 % and the protein content of the dried tops ranged from 12.57 to 14.52 % on DM basis.
Journal of Soil Sciences and Agricultural Engineering
Mansoura University, Faculty of Agriculture
2090-3685
1
v.
7
no.
2010
681
697
https://jssae.journals.ekb.eg/article_75152_c868d764104e5f033e0ccb86367197b9.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.21608/jssae.2010.75152
IMPACT OF SOME IMPROVED SURFACE IRRIGATION SYSTEM AND NITROGEN FERTILIZATION ON SOME WATER RELATIONS AND PRODUCTIVITY OF MAIZE CROP AT NORTH DELTA
A.
Taha
Soil Science, Fac. Agric. Mansoura University
author
M.
Ragab
Soils, Water and Environment Res. Inst., Agric. Res. Center Egypt.
author
A.
Mosa
Soil Science, Fac. Agric. Mansoura University
author
M.
Shabana
Soils, Water and Environment Res. Inst., Agric. Res. Center Egypt.
author
text
article
2010
eng
To evaluate some modern surface irrigation systems and their effects on some water relations and nitrogen use efficiency on maize crop, a field experiment was conducted at El-Hamoul District, Kafr Elshiekh Governorate at North Delta. The experiment included traditional surface irrigation, alternative surface furrow irrigation, gated pipes and alternative gated pipes furrow, with three nitrogen treatments (0,101 and 135 Kg fed-1).
The main obtained results could be summarized as follows:
Using gated pipes method for irrigating maize crop resulted in less amount of water applied compared to traditional surface method. On the other hand, gated pipes technique saved irrigation water by 19.5 and 31.4 % for alternative gated pipe technique and gated pipe technique, respectively compared to traditional surface irrigation. This method realized the lowest value of actual water consumptive use ,improved water application efficiency and water distribution efficiency compared to traditional irrigation method
There is no effect on maize yield due to different irrigation systems used in this study. Whereas, grain yield was increased by 110.9 % and 85.5% for the N recommended dose and 75% of the recommended dose, respectively over control treatment (0 Kg N Fed-1). It can be observed that alternative furrow irrigation by gated pipe achieved the highest grain and stalk yield followed by gated pipes under the highest nitrogen application rate.
Nitrogen use efficiency and N recovery % was increased with increasing N level. The highest value of N recovery % was found under alternative gated pipe systemand the N recommended dose.
Journal of Soil Sciences and Agricultural Engineering
Mansoura University, Faculty of Agriculture
2090-3685
1
v.
7
no.
2010
699
712
https://jssae.journals.ekb.eg/article_75155_a2609dd9df75e8bc841fb2a8f8cf0d9e.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.21608/jssae.2010.75155
EFFECT OF DIFFERENT IRRIGATION SYSTEMS AND POTASSIUM AND PHOSPHORUS LEVELS ON MAIZE.
M.
El-Agrodi
Soil Dept. Fac. of Agric., Mansoura Univ., Egypt .
author
H.
Shams El-Din
Soil, Water and Environment Res. Inst., A.R.C., Egypt.
author
G.
Labeeb
Soil Dept. Fac. of Agric., Mansoura Univ., Egypt .
author
T.
Khalifa
Soil, Water and Environment Res. Inst., A.R.C., Egypt.
author
text
article
2010
eng
A field experiment was conducted during summer season of 2008 in Sakha Agricultural Research Station Farm; Kafr El-Sheikh Governorate. This study aimed to clarify the effect of different irrigation systems and potassium and phosphorus fertilization levels on maize crop.
The obtained results can be summarized in;
- Irrigation systems and fertilization levels interaction significantly affect maize grain yield. The highest value of maize grain yield (2.14 ton/fed) was recorded under furrow irrigation system + 125% of P and K recommended dose treatment.
- Increasing P and K fertilizations levels from 50 to 125% of the recommended dose caused an increase in maize stalks yield amounted by 45.11%. The highest mean of maize stalks yield (5.250 ton/fed) was recorded under furrow irrigation system + 125% of P and K recommended dose.
- Furrow irrigation improved maize grain potassium utilization by 24.43% than that of sprinkler irrigation. Potassium uptake by maize grain of furrow irrigation system + 125% of P and K recommended dose treatment was higher than that of sprinkler irrigation system + 50% of P and K recommended dose treatment by 94.53%.
- Furrow irrigation system recorded the highest value of phosphorus uptake by maize grain (8.033 kg/fed) compared with other irrigation systems. 125% of P and K recommended dose recorded the highest value of P uptake by maize grain (9.53 kg/fed) compared with the other fertilization treatments.
- Furrow irrigation system decreased maize water use efficiency by 35.37 and 63.30% less than that of drip and sprinkler irrigation systems, respectively. The highest value (1.64 kg grain / m3) of water use efficiency for maize was recorded under drip irrigation system + 125% of P and K recommended dose.
Journal of Soil Sciences and Agricultural Engineering
Mansoura University, Faculty of Agriculture
2090-3685
1
v.
7
no.
2010
713
721
https://jssae.journals.ekb.eg/article_75158_c4337393d0a3deaac58295faeae30ada.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.21608/jssae.2010.75158
CLAY ANA HEAVY CLAY SOILS IMPROVEMENT WATER MOVEMENT BY APPLICATION OF SUB-SOILING METHODS
E.
Elbanna
Agric. Eng. Dept., Fac. Agric., Mansoura Univ.
author
M.
El-Saadany
Agric. Eng. Dept., Fac. Agric., Mansoura Univ.
author
N.
Mansour
Agric. Eng. Dept., Fac. Agric., Omar El-Mukhtar Univ., Libya
author
text
article
2010
eng
Drainage is the most important component of the soil moisture balance equation for the soils and geographical area for which this study is carried out. An accurate estimate of the rate of water removed from a soil profile by deep percolation and seepage to subsurface drains or water reservoirs forma an essential part of a soil water balance equation especially in temperate and humid regions where evaporation is not the most influential factor. Consequently, deep tillage techniques will accomplished a sensible soil character improvements. Soil science technology and agricultural engineering were applied many methods to improve soil surface layers and their structures. Normal and deep tillage or sub-soiling were usually beneficial in conserving moisture in the sequence soil layers.
An empirical drainage equation was developed to predict declination of soil moisture movement after applying sub-soiling system before traditional tillage. Even this procedure improvement clay and heavy clay soils by improving their properties and porosity, increase wheat crop yield in both soils by 9-10%.
For various soil types (Clay ration (Cr)=: 0.12 sandy, 0.28 sandy loam, 0.43 silty loam, 0.86 clay, 1.66 heavy clay soil), Elbanna (1993) drainage equation was simplified validated to predict water flux, mm/day, as exponential function of soil moisture content mm at previous day to profile with high explanation coefficient..
Journal of Soil Sciences and Agricultural Engineering
Mansoura University, Faculty of Agriculture
2090-3685
1
v.
7
no.
2010
723
738
https://jssae.journals.ekb.eg/article_75160_d83a1ca884a3e1073d63c25d51656288.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.21608/jssae.2010.75160