EFFECT OF MULCHING TYPE AND DURATION ON THE PRODUCTIVITY AND WATER USE EFFICIENCY OF POTATO
A.
Zayton
Agric. Eng. Res. Inst., Agric. Res. Center, Cairo
author
A.
GUIRGUIS
Agric. Eng. Res. Inst., Agric. Res. Center, Cairo
author
KH.
ALLAM
Agric. Eng. Res. Inst., Agric. Res. Center, Cairo
author
text
article
2015
eng
Field experiments were conducted during the winter season of 2014/2015 at EL- Tahrir Provence, Behera Governorate, west of Nile Delta of Egypt to study the effect of mulching type and duration on the productivity and water use efficiency of potato. Sixteen treatments comprising of four level of mulching (no- mulch (MO) - Rice straw mulch (RSM), Black polyethylene (BPM) and transparent polyethylene (TPM)) and four mulching time (T1-T4) were investigated. All treatments were repeated three times in complete randomized block design. Soil temperature, soil water content, seasonal water applied and seasonal crop evapotranspiration were monitored throughout the growing season, while the harvested potato tuber were weighted and sampled to determine some quality parameters. Results revealed that, mulching practices influenced the soil temperature. Applying Rice straw mulch moderates the soil temperature throughout the growing season and offered the most favorable potato growing condition. In contrast, polyethylene mulch materials increased the soil mean temperature by about 4-5 °C throughout the growing season which hampered tuber initiation, bulking and consequently the total potato tuber yield. Both mulching types and duration affects potato tuber yield, quality and water use efficiency. RSMT4 treatment had the maximum tuber number per plant, tuber mass, tuber yield, starch and total soluble solids (TSS) content of 8.14, 105.35 g, 17.45 Mg/fed., 14.68 and 5.63%, respectively as compared with the other mulched and non- mulched treatments. Retaining the polyethylene mulch materials up to the end of growing season negatively influenced the growth parameters, tuber yield and the measured quality parameters. Concerning the seasonal applied water (SAW) and crop evapotranspiration (ETC), MO treatment had the maximum SAW and ETC values of 522 and 438 mm, respectively. Mulching practices saved irrigation water by 14.08, 19.65 and 18.48% with RSM, BPM and TPM, respectively as compared with the control treatment. RSMT4 treatment had the maximum irrigation water use efficiency (IWUE) and water use efficiency (WUE) of 10.39 and 13.02 kg/m3,respectively. However, BPM and TPM mulch materials inhabited the maximum IWUE and WUE values of 10.03, 12.54 and 7.89 and 8.89 kg/m3, respectively when it was retained over the soil surface up to the end of the tuber formation stage (T3), suggesting that the PM should be removed early in order to avoid their negative effects on the tuber yield, quality and water use efficiencies.
Journal of Soil Sciences and Agricultural Engineering
Mansoura University, Faculty of Agriculture
2090-3685
6
v.
6
no.
2015
719
733
https://jssae.journals.ekb.eg/article_42750_aad3012fdff0eaafd525a8cfb348dd66.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.21608/jssae.2015.42750
TREATISE OF DIFFERENT PHYSIOGRAPHIC UNITS IN SINNURIS DISTRICT-FAYOUM GOVERNORATE – EGYPT
A.
Mohamed
Soils, water and Environ. Res. Inst., Agric. Res. Center, Giza, Egypt.
author
A.
Abd El-Nabi
Soils, water and Environ. Res. Inst., Agric. Res. Center, Giza, Egypt.
author
A.
Zayed
Soils, water and Environ. Res. Inst., Agric. Res. Center, Giza, Egypt.
author
text
article
2015
eng
Sinnuris District is bounded by LakeQarun (north), Fayoum District (south), Tamia District (east) and Ibshwai District (west). The geopedological physiographic units and its taxonomic units of the studied area could be summarized as follow:
1. Fluvio-Lacustrine, moderately low terraces:
- Typic Torripsamments, siliceous, hyperthermic.
- Sodic Haplotorrerts, fine, smectitic, hyperthermic.
- Typic Torrifluvents, coarse loamy, mixed, hyperthermic.
2. Fluvio-Lacustrine, low terraces:
- Typic Torrifluvents, coarse loamy, mixed, hyperthermic.
- Sodic Haplotorrerts, fine, smectitic, hyperthermic.
3. Fluvio-Lacustrine, low terraces (basin cover with sand sheet):
- Sodic Haplotorrerts, fine, smectitic, hyperthermic.
- Typic Torrifluvents, fine loamy over sandy, mixed, hyperthermic.
4. Fluvio-Lacustrine, high terraces:
- Typic Haplotorrerts, clayey, mixed, hyperthermic.
5. Alluvial, moderately high terraces (basin):
- Typic Haplotorrerts, fine, smectitic, hyperthermic.
- Vertic Torrifluvents, fine loamy, mixed, hyperthermic.
- Typic Torrifluvents, fine loamy, mixed, hyperthermic.
6. Nile Alluvial, high terraces:
- Typic Torrifluvents, sandy, mixed, hyperthermic.
- Typic Haplotorrerts, very fine, smectitic, hyperthermic.
- Vertic Torrifluvents, fine loamy, mixed, hyperthermic.
7. Alluvial plain, Vales:
- Typic Torrifluvents, fine loamy, mixed, hyperthermic.
Data of land evaluation revealed that, soils under consideration, mainly, suffering from texture, salinity and sodicity, can be recorded highly suitable class with regard to potential suitability by application more suitable irrigation systems, favorable managements and cultivation appropriate crops.
More suitable crops follows the following descending order:
Sorghum > barley > cotton > olive > wheat > alfalfa > maize.
Journal of Soil Sciences and Agricultural Engineering
Mansoura University, Faculty of Agriculture
2090-3685
6
v.
6
no.
2015
735
746
https://jssae.journals.ekb.eg/article_42740_044f2edd3887ac4c61d1cf764f35b443.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.21608/jssae.2015.42740
EFFECT OF FARM YARD MANURE AND SELENIUM ON WHEAT YIELD AND GRAIN QUALITY UNDER RAINFED CONDITIONS.
A.
Khatab
Soils, Water and Environ. Res. Institute, Agric. Res. Center, Giza, Egypt.
author
M.
Elkholy
Soils, Water and Environ. Res. Institute, Agric. Res. Center, Giza, Egypt.
author
S.
El-Tohamy
Soils, Water and Environ. Res. Institute, Agric. Res. Center, Giza, Egypt.
author
text
article
2015
eng
Two field experiments were carried out on a private farm at Sidi Barrani, Marsa Matrouh Governorate during two successive seasons of (2011/2012 and 2012/2013) to study the integrated effect of organic manure (farm yard manure, FYM) as an organic soil amendment and selenium on wheat yield (variety Giza 168) and grain quality. Farm yard manure (FYM) was applied at three rates of 0, 2 and 4 ton fed-1, while selenium was added at the rates of 0, 5,15 and 25 g fed-1. The main plots were occupied with the applied FYM rates, mean while the added selenium rates were arranged among the sub-plots, and then each treatment was replicated three times. The plot area was 18 m2 (3 × 6 m).The obtained results showed that the applied different FYM and selenium rates exhibited a significantly ameliorated for each of the studied wheat plant parameters (i.e., plant height, No and length of spike, kernels number and weight) and harvest stages (i.e., biological yield of grain plus straw yields and their contents of N, P, K, Fe, Mn, Zn and Se) as well as grain quality (i.e., 1000 grain weight, grain contents of protein, carbohydrates and sugar fractions).From the economical point of view, the results of this study showed that the integrated effect of the combined treatment of (4 ton FYM/fed+15g selenium/fed) was recorded best values for all the aforementioned plant parameters, taking into consideration the possible adverse fears of human health through environmental risks as a result of the excessive use of nitrogenous fertilizers and selenium.
Journal of Soil Sciences and Agricultural Engineering
Mansoura University, Faculty of Agriculture
2090-3685
6
v.
6
no.
2015
747
758
https://jssae.journals.ekb.eg/article_42741_274a3d76d8d435670b8ad2702a604a64.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.21608/jssae.2015.42741
SITUATION STUDY OF SOILS OF SHUBRA EL-KHIMA DISTRICT, EL-QALUBIYA GOVERNORATE, EGYPT
Salwa
El-Sayied
Soil, Water and Environment Res. Inst., Agricultural Res. Cent., Giza, Egypt
author
A.
Zayed
Soil, Water and Environment Res. Inst., Agricultural Res. Cent., Giza, Egypt
author
A.
Abd El-Nabi
Soil, Water and Environment Res. Inst., Agricultural Res. Cent., Giza, Egypt
author
text
article
2015
eng
Shubra El-Khima district is a boundary to Cairo, which belong to the alluvial plain, lie in thermic temperature regime and Torric moisture regime, has not any diagnostic horizon and classify according to USDA, 2014 as follows:
"Typic Haplotorrerts, fine, smectitic, thermic, very deep"
Land suitability according to Sys and Verheye, 1978 are achieved on the soil characteristics and the soils under consideration appear a moderate limitation (S2) which is affected by the clay texture through all the studied area and along of the studied profiles.
The urban area in 1965 was 382.61 feddan and the highly fertile cultivated soils were loss 3225.87 and 31239.95 feddan are recorded in 1984 and 2013, respectively. This deterioration may be due to the increasing of population and the income of real estate investment is higher than the agricultural investment.
Journal of Soil Sciences and Agricultural Engineering
Mansoura University, Faculty of Agriculture
2090-3685
6
v.
6
no.
2015
759
769
https://jssae.journals.ekb.eg/article_42743_4898ec0c8d0911be774c2100979206e2.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.21608/jssae.2015.42743
URBAN EXTENSION TREND IN SINNURIS DISTRICT, EL-FAYOUM GOVERNORATE, EGYPT.
M.
Wahdan
Soil Survey Department; Soil, Water and Environment Res. Inst., ARC, Giza, Egypt.
author
A.
Abd El-Nabi
Soil Survey Department; Soil, Water and Environment Res. Inst., ARC, Giza, Egypt.
author
A.
Zayed
Soil Survey Department; Soil, Water and Environment Res. Inst., ARC, Giza, Egypt.
author
text
article
2015
eng
The fertile soils of Egypt are of a paramount importance in term of strategic economical decision. In the last few decades encroachment on the fertile agriculture soils was tremendously increased by urbanization.
Sinnuris District in El-Fayoum Governorate was selected to follow up the urbanization impact during the period from 1957 to 2010.
The urbanization areas were estimated in years 1957, 1984 and 2010, by using details maps (scale 1: 100,000) published from Egyptian General Survey Authority, (EGSA). Also the increasing of encroachment were estimated 1984 from the Thematic Mapper (TM5), while the urban area in 2010 was estimated by Quick Bird (QB) and the aid of field check. Data showed that, the urban areas were 957.45, 3003.33 and 6128.84 fed. in years 1957, 1984 and 2010, respectively. The annual increasing rate was equivalent to 75.77 fed.yr-1 during 1957 up to 1984 and 120.21 fed.yr-1 during 1984 to 2010.
The study cleared up that, increasing of population percent from (1984-2010) was 104.07 less than the increasing of urbanization percent (2%). This was attributed to the higher input of real estate investment compared with that of agricultural investment.
The study elucidated that, the loss of the geographical area was 3125.51 fed. and this means 6251.02 fed. of productive area. Estimation of annual agricultural production return of such area ranged from 17'833'022'37 to 44'387'367'53 LE.
To protect the fertile agriculture soils from the encroachment, the authors recommend:
1. Building new cities in the desert.
2. Interesting with family planning programs.
3. Increasing the punishment for encroachment to the agricultural soils or the trickery to be left uncultivated.
4. Increasing the density of population.
5. Applying of urbanization.
Journal of Soil Sciences and Agricultural Engineering
Mansoura University, Faculty of Agriculture
2090-3685
6
v.
6
no.
2015
771
778
https://jssae.journals.ekb.eg/article_42747_bb042c185afd250a2dd1ae6e59211c4f.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.21608/jssae.2015.42747
DRYING CHARACTERISTICS AND QUALITY OF FIG FRUITS UNDER HEATED AIR DRYING CONDITION
N.
Abd El-Hady
Agric. Eng. Dept., Fac. of Agric., Suez Canal Univ.
author
R.
Gebreil
Agric. Eng. Dept., Fac. of Agric., Suez Canal Univ.
author
S.
Radwan
Agric. Eng. Dept., Fac. of Agric., Suez Canal Univ.
author
text
article
2015
eng
The objective of this study was to develop and evaluate an artificial portable fig dryer. The dryer was designed and constructed in the Agriculture Engineering Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Suez Canal University, Ismailia city. Freshly harvested fig samples (Ficus Carica), obtained from a local market were used for the experimental work.
Pre-treatments were conducted on the fig samples before the drying tests. The drying tests were performed under four levels of drying air temperature (45 - 55 - 65 and 75°C), four levels of drying air velocity (0.2 - 0.4 - 0.6 and 1.0 m/s) and two slice thickness of 0.5 and 1.0 cm. The results showed that the recommended pre-treatment for drying of figs was dipping in 1.5 % sodium metabisulfit for two minutes. The developed dryer showed a satisfactorily thermal efficiency and final quality of the dried figs at air temperature of 75°C and air velocity of 1.0 m/s.
Journal of Soil Sciences and Agricultural Engineering
Mansoura University, Faculty of Agriculture
2090-3685
6
v.
6
no.
2015
779
792
https://jssae.journals.ekb.eg/article_42748_de4367430df60f9fa3d324711570c832.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.21608/jssae.2015.42748