PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF SOME SOILS ADJACENT TO LAKES AT NORTH WEST AND SOUTH OF EGYPT
Enshrah
El-Maaz
Soils, Water and Environment Res. Inst., Agric. Res. Center, Giza, Egypt
author
Hoda
Ahmed
Soils, Water and Environment Res. Inst., Agric. Res. Center, Giza, Egypt
author
H.
Khalil
Soils, Water and Environment Res. Inst., Agric. Res. Center, Giza, Egypt
author
text
article
2015
eng
This work was carried out to investigate some physical and chemical properties of salt-affected soils adjacent to Qaroun, ElBorollusandEdku lakesof Egypt. Three soil profiles were taken at distances of 1.5, 10 and 20 km. from the shoreline of every lake. Undisturbed and disturbed soil samples were taken at depths of 0 – 30, 30 – 60 and 60 – 90 cm. The undisturbed soil samples were used for the determination of soil total porosity, pore size distribution, soil moisture retention curves, hydraulic conductivity and the soil aggregate size distribution. The disturbed soil samples were air-dried, ground to pass through a 2 mm sieve and kept for the chemical determinations. The obtained results indicated that the studied soil samples contain high total solublesalts which tend to decrease with increasing both soil sampling depth and the distance from the shoreline of different lakes under study. The high values of total soluble salts exist in case of soil samples ofQarounlakefollowed by those ofBorollusandEdkulakes .The values ofsoil pHin the studied soil samples ranged between8.00and 8.60 whereas CEC ranged from35.21to51.21 cmolkg soil-1, and the soil contents of both organic matter and CaCO3were relatively low and tended to decrease by increasing soil depth.Soil bulk density and soil total porosity valuesof the studied soil sample wereincreased by increasing soil depth and distance from the lakes shoreline. Thehighvaluesofsoiltotal porositywerefoundincase ofQarounlake soils.The values of soilhydraulic conductivity(K) were decreased by depth. The distance from the lakes shoreline exerts no clear effect on soil hydraulic conductivity andmoisturetension curves .The soil moisture content at field capacity had no clear trend with the soildepthbutwere gradually decreased with the distance increase from the lakes. The highest values of field capacity were found in the soil samples ofQarounlake. The soil moisture content at wilting point for all studied areas was higher in the surface soil than the subsurface. The percents of dry stable aggregates increased with increasing the soil depth except large size aggregates which have diameters 10-2 mm. The values of total stable aggregates (T.S.A) increased with the increase of the distance from the lake (especially Qaroun and El-Borollus); this may be due to the decrease of soluble salts with the increase of the distance from the lakes. No clear trend was observed for the effect of soil depth and the distance from the lakes on TSA of different soil under study.
Journal of Soil Sciences and Agricultural Engineering
Mansoura University, Faculty of Agriculture
2090-3685
6
v.
7
no.
2015
793
807
https://jssae.journals.ekb.eg/article_42772_a60a118ca1d9ad1c455cb900fca6015f.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.21608/jssae.2015.42772
PARTIAL SUBSTITUTION OF MINERAL NITROGEN FERTILIZER BY ORGANIC AND BIO-FERTILIZER ON MAIZE
Dalia
Sayed
Soils, Water and Environ. Res., Institute, Agric. Res. Center, Giza, Egypt
author
Lamyaa
Abd El-Rahman
Soils, Water and Environ. Res., Institute, Agric. Res. Center, Giza, Egypt
author
Magda
Ewais
Soils, Water and Environ. Res., Institute, Agric. Res. Center, Giza, Egypt
author
text
article
2015
eng
Two field experiments were conducted to study the effect of bio and organic fertilizer as a partial alternative to mineral-nitrogen fertilizer, on growth, yield and quality of maize plants (c.v. tri- hybrid 324). The study was carried out during the two successive seasons of 2013 and 2014 at El- Gemmeiza Research Station(30º 47׳ 22.5״ N- 31° 07׳ 34״ E, elev. 10 m), Agricultural Research Center, El-Gharbia Governorate,Egypt. Significant positive influences of 50% of the recommended N rate (120kg N/fed.) +25%of the recommended N rate as organic N +Bio treatment were observed on growth traits after75 days from planting, leaf contents of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and yield quality when compared to the other combined treatments. The same treatment, gave the highest grain yield (4450 Kg/fed) which was 9.88 % higher than the (100% mineral N) control (4050Kg/fed) and 51.4% more than the lowest yield of 50% M.N.F. (2940 Kg/fed). Also, results indicated that the treatments comprising 50or 75% mineral N + 4.2 or 2.1 ton/fed. organic N +Bio and/or humic acid significantly increased plant height, weight of 100 grain , grains, straw and biological yields than control. All quality parameters i.e. protein, oil %, total carbohydrate and starch contents under 50% mineral N + 4.2 ton/fed. organic N +Bio and/or humic acid treatments recorded the highest and significant values comparing to the control. Hence, it can be concluded that organic and biofertilizers could be used to minimizing the amount of mineral N fertilizer fot different crops avoiding soil or water pollution.
Journal of Soil Sciences and Agricultural Engineering
Mansoura University, Faculty of Agriculture
2090-3685
6
v.
7
no.
2015
809
827
https://jssae.journals.ekb.eg/article_42774_5fe7b48f27dd7ed78b50050f2257f219.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.21608/jssae.2015.42774
ROLE OF BIO AND ORGANIC FERTILIZERS IN REDUCING SOME CHEMICAL FERTILIZERS DOSES ON YIELD OF STEVIA PLANTS UNDER SOME DIFFERENT SOIL TYPES
Z.
El-Sirafy
Soil Dept., Faculty of Agriculture, Mansoura University, Egypt.
author
R.
Hassan
Agric. Biochemistry Dept., Faculty of Agriculture, Mansoura University, Egypt.
author
M.
El-Shazly
Plant Nutrition Dept., Soil, Water & Env. Inst., Agric. Res. Centre, Giza.
author
M.
Gad
Soil Dept., Faculty of Agriculture, Mansoura University, Egypt.
author
text
article
2015
eng
To study the influence of organic and bio fertilization compared with NPK fertilization and their interactions on yield of stevia plant (Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni) under some different Egyptian Soils Conditions was carried out a pot experiment at the Experimental Farm of the Fac. Agric. Mansoura Univ. during the summer season of 2013. The experimental design of present study was complete randomized block design with three replications, where soil types represent blocks and each block contains fertilization treatments. Three soil types were used as clay, saline and calcareous and six fertilization treatments are contained in each soil type as control, 100 % of recommended NPK fertilizers,50 % of recommended NPK fertilizers, biofertilizer, organic fertilizer (compost), and mixture of 50 % of recommended NPK + bio + compost. Results indicated that application all fertilizer sources increased the means values of leaves, stems and shoot fresh weights (32.3, 39.7 and 72.0 g/pot) and the others treatments of fertilizers used (63.6, 60.4, 48.6 and 38.9 g/pot for the treatments of mixture, 50 %, organic and biofertilizer, respectively). The corresponding values of increases over control due to the aforementioned respective treatments were 42.5, 34.1, 30.9, 19.1 and 9.0 g/pot. These increases represent the following percentages over control : 144.6, 115.6, 104.7, 64.7 and 30.5 %, respectively. Also dry yield was (24.1, 23.1 and 47.2 g/pot) of stevia plants significantly than control (without fertilization). Concerning to soil types revealed that the greatest value was obtained due to growing stevia plants on clay soil compared to both saline and calcareous soils. The greatest shoots plant fresh weight of stevia was obtained due to growing in clay soil where the mean value was 64.3 g/pot. Both saline and calcareous soils were followed clay soil where the respective mean values of shoot plant fresh weight were 48.5 and 43.8 g/pot. While The highest shoot plant dry yield of stevia was obtained due to growing stevia plants on clay soil where the mean value was 43.2 g/pot. Both saline and calcareous soils were followed clay soil where the respective mean values of shoot plant fresh weight were 31.4 and 28.0 g/pot. In addition, all fertilizers treatments eliminated bad effect of both saline and calcareous soils in comparison with control (interaction effect).
Journal of Soil Sciences and Agricultural Engineering
Mansoura University, Faculty of Agriculture
2090-3685
6
v.
7
no.
2015
829
844
https://jssae.journals.ekb.eg/article_42776_cb48cf428a61e70e02d6affb2ccbeb76.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.21608/jssae.2015.42776
EFFECT OF DEFICIT IRRIGATION AND RAISED BED ON WHEAT YIELD , WATER PRODUCTIVITY AND WATER SAVING IN NORTH NILE DELTA, EGYPT
E.
El-Hadidi
Soils Dept., Fac. of Agric. Mansoura Univ.
author
M.
Ibrahim
Soil and Water Dept., Fac. of Agric. Tanta Univ.
author
S.
Abdel-hafez
Soils, Water and Environment Res. Institute, A.R.C., Giza.
author
Mona
Eid
Soils, Water and Environment Res. Institute, A.R.C., Giza.
author
text
article
2015
eng
The limitation of water resources and the remarkable increase in population should be forced research workers to find ways for saving water without significant reduction in yield. The objective of this paper is to study the interaction effect of deficit irrigation and raised bed on wheat yield, water productivity and water saving in north Nile delta, Egypt. Two field experiments were conducted at Sakha Agricultural Research Station, Kafr El-Sheikh governorate during the two successive seasons of 2012/2013 and 2013/2014. A split plot design with four replications was used. Irrigation treatments occupied the main plots, while planting methods arranged in sub-plots. Three planting methods were flat (traditional method, F1), bed 70cm wide (F2) and raised bed 140cm wide (F3). Four deficit irrigation treatments were irrigated every 21 days (farmer treatment, I1); the second one after 60% (I2) , the third one after 70% (I3) and the fourth one after 80% (I4) depletion of available soil moisture (ASMD).
Results showed that mean of amount of irrigation water applied for DI1, DI2, DI3 and DI4 were 4759.2, 4497.6, 3808.8, and 3360.0 m3/ha., respectively, and means of water table contribution to ETc were 559.2 and 765.6 m3/ha. for I3 and I4 , respectively. Means of irrigation water applied were 4524, 4034.4 and 3763.2 m3/ha. for F1, F2 and F3, respectively. F3 and F2 saved 17% and 11% of irrigation water compared with F1, respectively. F3 significantly increased grain and straw yields by 16 and 18% compared to F1. The interaction between DI2 and F3 and between DI1 and F1 resulted in higher grain and straw yields. Means values of water productivity were 5.7, 6.1 and 6.1 L.E /m3 correspond to 1.2 , 1.18 and 1.5 kg grain/m3 water applied for F1, F2 and F3 respectively .
Journal of Soil Sciences and Agricultural Engineering
Mansoura University, Faculty of Agriculture
2090-3685
6
v.
7
no.
2015
845
862
https://jssae.journals.ekb.eg/article_42781_004dffaf02c10fb376fb5be5d854567f.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.21608/jssae.2015.42781
TOMATO YIELD RESPONSE TO SALT STRESS DURING DIFFERENT GROWTH STAGES UNDER ARID ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS
A.
Shalaby
Department of Soil Chemistry and Physics, Desert Research Center, Egypt.
author
A.
Saad
Department of Soils and Water Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Alexandria University, Egypt.
author
A.
Mokhtar
Department of Soil Chemistry and Physics, Desert Research Center, Egypt.
author
text
article
2015
eng
Field experiment in calcareous sandy clay loam soil at Maryout Experimental Station Farm, Desert Research Center, Egypt during summer season 2007 were conducted to investigate growth parameters and fruit yield of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum, mill., cultivator 888) response to salt stress at irrigation water levels during different growth stages under drip and gated-pipe irrigation systems in arid environmental conditions. Each irrigation system is comprised 9 irrigation treatments combined between salt stress using well water of 9.15 dSm-1 and irrigation water levels of 100, 75, and 50 % from crop evapotranspiration (ETc) subjected during development, flowering and harvesting stages as well as control treatment; the plants were irrigated by the irrigation water level of 100 % ETc during the season using agricultural drainage water of 2.80dSm-1.Under studied irrigation systems, the plant height, fresh, dry weight and fruit yield of tomato plants at the harvesting subjected to salt stress using 9.15 dSm-1 and irrigation water levels of 100, 75 and 50 % ETc during development, flowering and harvesting growth stages were significantly decreased by decrement irrigation water levels. However, the results revealed that the tomato leaf water potential values as affected by the studied salt stress at irrigation water levels of % ETc was appeared opposite trend that obtained for the other growth parameters and fruit yield. Also, the results showed that the plant height, fresh, dry weight, leaf water potential and fruit yield of tomato plants at the harvesting stage subjected to studied salt stress and irrigation water depth levels during development, flowering and harvesting growth stages under drip irrigation system, in general were higher than that obtained under gated pipe irrigation system. Under drip irrigation system, fruit yield reduction percentages relative to control treatment were 9.9, 16.0 & 22.5 % for plants subjected during development stage, 21.5, 28.8 & 41.5 % for plants subjected during flowering stage and 11.6, 16.2 & 23.2 for plants subjected during harvesting stage at irrigation water levels of 100, 75 and 50 % ETc by well water, 9.15 dSm-1, respectively. Under gated pipe irrigation system, fruit yield reduction percentages were 11.6, 13.7&16.8 % for plants subjected during development stage, 20.6, 22.2 & 29.1 % for plants subjected during flowering stage and 13.2, 14.2 & 17.7 for plants subjected during harvesting stage at irrigation water levels of 100, 75 and 50 % ETc by well water, 9.15 dSm-1, respectively. Consequently, the development growth stage of tomatoes subjected to applied irrigation water levels of 100, 75 and 50 % ETc by well water, 9.15 dSm-1, is the lowest stage affected than other growth stages while, the flowering growth stages of tomatoes is more affected to salt stress and deficit irrigation water amount than other growth stages especially at irrigation water level of 50 % ETc, under studied irrigation systems in environmental conditions.
Journal of Soil Sciences and Agricultural Engineering
Mansoura University, Faculty of Agriculture
2090-3685
6
v.
7
no.
2015
863
880
https://jssae.journals.ekb.eg/article_42786_62094d4da815a949444c243ac164e905.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.21608/jssae.2015.42786
EFFECT OF DRIP IRRIGATION ON PEACH TREES GROWN IN HEAVY CLAY SOILS.
E.
Moursi
Soil, Water and Environment Research Institute. Res, Agric.Res. Center, Giza, Egypt.
author
M.
Soliman
Deciduous Fruit Tree.Res.Dept, Hort. Res. Inst, Agric.Res. Center, Giza, Egypt.
author
text
article
2015
eng
The present investigation was conducted during the two successive growing seasons 2013 and 2014 at a private farm located at Sidi Salem District , Kafr EL-Sheikh Governorate to study the effect of drip irrigation technique on peach trees productivity and some water relations in heavy clay soils .The investigation was carried out on "Florda prince " peach trees, seven years old budded on Nemaguard rootstock and spaced at 5×5 metre apart .The studied soil is heavy clay in texture. The selected trees were in a good health condition and uniform in both vegetative growth and fruit load. The used experimental design in this present is randomized complete blocks with three replicates .Twenty trees were selected in this study and divided randomly into four groups ; each group was subjected to one of the following irrigation treatments:I1 ( irrigation every 4 days with working hours ,5) ,I2 (irrigation every 4 days with working hours ,4 ), I3 (irrigation every 4 days with working hours ,3 ) and I 4 (irrigation every 4 days with working hours ,2)
The main results can be summarized as follows:
The highest overall mean values for water applied and water consumptive use for each irrigation and seasonal /fed. were recorded under irrigation treatment I1 in comparison with other irrigation treatments I2, I3 and I4 and the values were 6.54 cm /fed./irrigation (274.68 m3/fed./irrigation ),78.48cm/fed./season (3296.16 m3/fed./season) for water applied ,while for water consumptive use , the values are 5.64 cm/fed./ irrigation ( 236.89 m3/fed./irrigation), 67.69 cm/fed./season ( 2842.67 m3/fed./season). Meanwhile , the lowest overall mean values for the abovementioned studied parameters were recorded under irrigation treatment I 4 and the values for water applied were 2.69cm /fed./irrigation (113.02m3/fed./irrigation ) ,32.29cm/fed./ season (1356.27 m3/fed./season) ,while ,for water consumptive use, the values were 2.14cm/fed./irrigation(89.58m3/fed./irrigation),25.60cm/fed./season(1074.93m3/fed./season).Generally , the overall mean values for water applied and consumptive use can be descended in order I1>I2>I3>I4.
Concerning, the effect of irrigation treatments on consumptive use efficiency ( Ecu,%) , the highest overall mean value was recorded under irrigation treatment I1 and the value was 86.25%, but the lowest value was recorded under irrigation treatment I4 and the value is 79.27%. Regarding ,water productivity (WP) and productivity of irrigation water ( PIW) ,the highest overall mean values are 4.98 and 3.95 kg/m3 for WP and PIW ,respectively . On the other hand, the lowest overall mean values for WP and PIW were recorded under irrigation treatment I1 and the values are 2.0kg/m3 and 1.74 kg fruits/m3, respectively.
Concerning , yield ,fruit set ,total chlorophyll ,leaf area, total water content ,free water content, bound water content, leaf water deficit , NPK and Mg concentrations in peach leaves were significantly affected by irrigation treatments in the two growing seasons except ,pre-harvest fruit drop in the first season showed no significant effect with irrigation treatments .Generally ,the highest mean values for all the above mentioned studied parameters were recorded under irrigation treatment (I2)in the two growing seasons ,except , total water content the highest mean values were recorded under irrigation treatment I1. Meanwhile , the highest mean values for bound water content ,leaf water deficit and pre-harvest fruit drop were recorded under irrigation treatment (I4) in the two growing seasons .
Journal of Soil Sciences and Agricultural Engineering
Mansoura University, Faculty of Agriculture
2090-3685
6
v.
7
no.
2015
881
901
https://jssae.journals.ekb.eg/article_42782_838ef69627a88bc772fcf58db9e59e13.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.21608/jssae.2015.42782