WATER MANAGEMENT FOR SESAME UNDER DIFFERENT SOWING DATES
F. R. M.
Farrag
Soils, Water and Environment Res. Inst., A.R.C., Giza, Egypt
author
text
article
2012
eng
The present investigation was conducted at Hawaret El-Maktaa village, El- Fayoum District, Fayoum governorate, Egypt, during 2010 and 2011 seasons to study the combined effect of sowing dates i.e. S1: May 2nd, S2: May 16th and S3: May 31st and scheduling irrigation treatments, i.e. irrigation at I1: 0.7 cumulative pan evaporation (C.P.E.), I2: 0.9 and I3:1.1 C.P.E. on seed yield, yield components, seed oil content and some water relations of sesame crop (Shandaweel -3 cv.).The split-plot design with four replications was applied, where sowing dates were allocated to the main plots and the split ones were occupied with irrigation scheduling treatments. The main obtained results were as follows:-
Highly significant increases in plant height(179.22 180.50 cm), capsule number/plant (156.42, 165.70), seed weight/plant (19.88, 20.21 g) and seed yield (612.80, 605.89 kg fed-1) in 2010 and 2011 seasons, respectively, resulted from planting on 2nd May and irrigation at 1.1 C.P.E. interaction. The increases in1000-seed weight were not significant in the two seasons, while seed oil content % exhibited similar trend in the first season only.
Seasonal consumptive use (ETC) averaged 51.05 and 49.83 cm in 2010 and 2011 seasons, respectively. Planting sesame on May 2nd and irrigation at 1.1 C.P.E. gave the highest ETC values i.e. 55.35 and 54.46 cm in the two successive seasons. Nevertheless, the lowest ETC values i.e. 47.37 and 45.72 cm were detected from planting on May 31st and irrigation at 0.7 C.P.E. in both seasons, respectively. The crop coefficient (KC) average, under interaction of 1st sowing date and irrigation at 1.1 C.P.E., were 0.45, 0.55, 0.85 and 0.64 for May, June, July and August, respectively.
The highest water use efficiency values i.e. 0.264 and 0.265 kg seedsm-3 consumed water were obtained from planting on May 2nd and irrigation at 1.1 C.P.E. interaction in 2010 and 2011 seasons, respectively. However, it is advisable to irrigate the early planted sesame crop according to 0.9 CPE treatment to obtain acceptable figure for water use efficiency and to save irrigation water as well.
Journal of Soil Sciences and Agricultural Engineering
Mansoura University, Faculty of Agriculture
2090-3685
3
v.
3
no.
2012
389
400
https://jssae.journals.ekb.eg/article_53866_bad2476bda817a86cc0a6ed5fc625352.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.21608/jssae.2012.53866
USE OF CLOSED SYSTEM OF AIR THROUGH EARTH TUBES AS AN ENVIRONMENT FRIEND FOR HEATING GREENHOUSES
A. O.
Alghannam
Agric. Systems Eng. Dept., College of Agric. and Food Sci., King Faisal Univ. Saudi Arabia.
author
text
article
2012
eng
This research aims to study the use of the closed system of air through earth tubes for heating greenhouses. This had been achieved by a field study using plastic earth tubes under the hot climatic conditions of the region under study. An elliptical shaped greenhouse and its accessories were constructed according to the appropriate engineering specifications of the experiment site. Results showed that the heating closed systems of air through plastic earth tubes can be used independently for heating the greenhouse in order to attain the suitable temperature for plant growth. The performance of the heating system was capable to increase temperatures during winter season from -1.1°C-11.4°C i.e. by a magnitude of 12.5°C. Also the system can be used independently when the temperature during winter is not substantially reduced or as a complementary to other heating systems in case of extreme cold.
Journal of Soil Sciences and Agricultural Engineering
Mansoura University, Faculty of Agriculture
2090-3685
3
v.
3
no.
2012
419
427
https://jssae.journals.ekb.eg/article_53869_69d7404ec2147ab522e71585a264b7dd.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.21608/jssae.2012.53869
EFFECT OF SOIL SALINITY ON SOME SOIL PROPERTIES, SALINITY TOLERANCE AND PRODUCTIVITY OF SOME SUNFLOWER GENOTYPES
A. S.
El–Henawy
Soils Dept., Fac. of Agric., Kafrelsheikh Univ., Egypt.
author
A. A. E.
Atwa
Soils, Water and Environment Res. Inst., Agric Res. Center
author
M. M.
Awad
Oil Res. Sec., Field Crops Res. Inst., Agric. Res. Center, Egypt
author
text
article
2012
eng
Two field experiments were conducted at the Experimental Farm of Sakha Agricultural Research Station during two successive seasons 2010 and 2011. The objectives of this investigation are to study the tolerance of some sunflower genotypes to different soil salinity levels and some soil properties. Four Sunflower genotypes i.e. line 350, line 450, line 800 and Sakha 53 were grown under three levels of soil salinity where: EC values were namely, (S1 2: < 4), (S2 4: < 6) and (S3 6: < 8) dSm-1. Split plots design was used, the main plots were assigned by the salinity levels and the sunflower genotypes were allocated in sub plots with four replicates.
The obtained results can be summarized as follow:
Sodium adsorption ratio (SAR) of soil paste extracts after harvesting greatly increased with increasing salinity. Total nitrogen, available phosphorus and available potassium increased with increasing soil salinity. Soil salinity significantly affected sunflower yield and yield component. Sunflower seed yield (kg /fed.) had the following sequence at the salinity level: Sakha 53 > line 350 > line 880 > line 465 with S1, line 880 > line 350 > line 465 > Shakha 53 with S2 and line 465 > line 350 > Sakha 53 > line 880 with S3.The investigated Sunflower genotypes can be arranged according to oil yield (kg/fed.) as follows:-
Sakha 53 > line 880 > line 465 >line 350 with S1, line 880 >Sakha 53 > line 350 >line 465 with S2 and line 880 >Sakha 53 >line 465 >line 350 with S3. Head diameter/ plant, Weight of seed /plant and 100-seed weight significantly decreased with increasing soil salinity levels.
Sunflower genotypes line 465 and line 880 were the highest tolerant genotypes to soil salinity, whereas the line 350 and Sakha 53 had moderate tolerance to soil salinity.
Journal of Soil Sciences and Agricultural Engineering
Mansoura University, Faculty of Agriculture
2090-3685
3
v.
3
no.
2012
361
371
https://jssae.journals.ekb.eg/article_53870_5a6fcfca257b32e3064411528aa37e28.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.21608/jssae.2012.53870
INTEGRATED NUTRIENT MANAGEMENT (INM) FOR HYBRID MAIZE GROWN IN CALCAREOUS SOIL
R.K.
Kaleeswari
Dept. of Soil Sci. and Agric. Chemistry, Tamil Nadu Agric. Univ., Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India.
author
J.
Prabakaran
Dept. of Soil Sci. and Agric. Chemistry, Tamil Nadu Agric. Univ., Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India.
author
M.R.
Latha
Dept. of Soil Sci. and Agric. Chemistry, Tamil Nadu Agric. Univ., Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India.
author
M.M.
Mansour
Soils Dept., Fac. of Agric., Mansoura Univ., Mansoura, Egypt.
author
text
article
2012
eng
Field experiments were conducted at Research Farm of Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore, India for a period of three years (2007-2009) to find out the effect of integrated nutrient management on productivity of hybrid maize. Conjunctive use of 100% NPK + 5 t ha-1 poultry manure recorded significantly highest grain and stover yields. Integration of 100% NPK with FYM and micronutrients viz., zinc and iron recorded higher yield than the treatment that received 100% NPK + poultry manure + ZnSO4 + FeSO4. The lowest yield of 5637 kg ha-1 was recorded in the treatment that received 100% NPK. The uptake of macronutrients by hybrid maize increased with increase in NPK levels. The organic carbon, available N and K status of soil improved due to the application of 100% NPK + 5 t ha-1 poultry manure while the available P status was increased with 75% NPK + 5 t ha-1 poultry manure. The highest benefit : cost ratio (2.52) was obtained with the application of 100% NPK + FYM + ZnSO4 + FeSO4.
Journal of Soil Sciences and Agricultural Engineering
Mansoura University, Faculty of Agriculture
2090-3685
3
v.
3
no.
2012
327
334
https://jssae.journals.ekb.eg/article_53872_d040a9f407b37985385d3f988f108143.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.21608/jssae.2012.53872
IMPACT OF FOLIAR SPRAYING OF SOME ORGANIC SUBSTANCES AND MICRONUTRIENTS ON WHEAT GROWN ON CLAYEY SOIL
A. S. M.
El - saady
Soils, Water and Environment Res. Inst. A.R.C, Giza, Egypt
author
text
article
2012
eng
A field experiment was carried out at Sakha Agric. Exp. Res. Sta., Kafr El-Sheikh Governorate Egypt (31o05' N latitude and 30o56' E longitude), in successive winter seasons 2008/2009 and 2009/2010 on wheat (Triticum aestivum L. Sakha 93 variety). Effects of foliar spraying of organic substances and micronutrients on wheat productivity, nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), protein contents and nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) were studied. Split plot design was used with four replicates; the main plots were assigned for three organic substances solutions (OS) treatments spraying:-: 1- without OS spraying (control). 2- humic acids spraying (HAs). 3- compost tea (CT) spraying. And the sub plots were assigned for five treatments of micronutrients spraying :-1- without micronutrients spraying (C) 2- copper (Cu) foliar spraying 3- zinc (Zn) foliar spraying 4- iron (Fe) foliar spraying and 5- micronutrients, Cu +Zn +Fe (M) foliar spraying.
The obtained results showed that: Humic acids (HAs) treatment had the highest mean values (5.61 and 5.88 Mg ha-1) of wheat grain in the first and second seasons, respectively. Treatment in the main plots affected wheat grain yield in the order: HA ≥ CT> control. Nevertheless, the interaction between micronutrients foliar spraying with HA had the order: HAs + M ≥ HAs + Cu ≥ HAs + Zn > HAs. Spraying of HA, Zn and Fe led to elevate N % and P % in grain yield. Also, Cu treatment without or with (OS) led to increase their content in straw yield.
Organic substances spraying insignificantly affected wheat straw yield. However, the higher value was obtained with HAs. HA Foliar spraying with Cu treatment had the highest mean value (9.73 Mg ha-1), in the first season. While the highest mean value (9.12 Mg ha-1) was recorded for HAs and C spraying in the second season. The higher mean values of N and protein content in grain yield were observed with application HAs. Nonetheless, HAs +Zn treatment in the first season and HAs +M treatment in the second season exhibited the higher value. Spraying of HA treatment led to increase P content in grain yield. Spraying (OS) affected N, P and protein contents of straw in the order: HAs > Control > CT, in both seasons. Copper spraying with or without HA led to increase N, P and protein content in straw yield in the both seasons.The lower mean values for N and protein contents were recorded for TC an /or TC+M. The higher mean values of NUE were obtained with HA spraying treatment and the interaction between HAs + M in both seasons.
Journal of Soil Sciences and Agricultural Engineering
Mansoura University, Faculty of Agriculture
2090-3685
3
v.
3
no.
2012
349
360
https://jssae.journals.ekb.eg/article_53874_e677a9d72f4613db2c36959e941229a6.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.21608/jssae.2012.53874
EVAPORATION PAN AS AN EFFECTIVE METHOD FOR IRRIGATION SCHEDULING FOR SUGAR BEET IN THE NORTH NILE DELTA REGION
E. M.
El-Hadidi
Soils Dept., Fac. of Agric. Mansoura Univ.
author
M. M.
Ibrahim
Soil and Water Dept., Fac. of Agric. Tanta Univ.
author
Mona S. M.
Eid
Soils, Water and Environment Res. Institute, A.R.C., Giza.
author
text
article
2012
eng
The increasing needs of water for agricultural and non agricultural activities in Egypt require that the available water resource, be used efficiently and carefully. Proper irrigation scheduling makes it possible to use water prudently. Field experiments were carried out at Sakha Agricultural Research Station, Kafr El-Sheikh, Egypt, during two successive seasons of 2009 /2010 and 2010/ 2011. The site represents the circumstances and conditions of Middle North Nile Delta region and allocated at 31-07' N Latitude, 30-57'E Longitude with an elevation of about 6 metres above mean sea level. These experiments aim to evaluate the irrigation scheduling using pan evaporation for sugar beet under different planting methods as procedures to optimize the irrigation water productivity and sugar beet yield. The experiment was arranged in a split plot design with four replicates. The main plots were randomly assigned to the planting methods (furrows and beds), while the sub plots were I1 (1.2), I2 (1.0) and I3 (0.8) of cumulated pan evaporation (CPE).
Results showed that irrigation scheduling at 0.8 of CPE significantly increased roots and sugar yield by about 22.7% and 38.2%, respectively. Root length increased by about 7.6 and 17.2%, compared to irrigation at 1.0 and 1.2 of CPE, whereas root diameter decreased by about 12.3 and 12.8%, respectively. Irrigation at 1.2 of CPE resulted in high amounts of irrigation water applied, 3150 m3 /fed distributed on 10 irrigations, followed by irrigation at 1.0 of CPE, 2830 m3/fed distributed on 8 irrigations, and irrigation at 0.8 of CPE, 2370 m3/fed distributed on 6 irrigations. The highest amount of consumptive water use, 2560 m3/fed, was obtained under irrigation with 1.2 of CPE.While the lowest one, 1709 m3/fed, was obtained from irrigation at 0.8 of CPE. Irrigation at 0.8 of CPE (I3) increased the water productivity of root and sugar yield by about 43% and 65%, respectively, compared to irrigation at 1.2 CPE.
The bed planting method had the minimum values of water applied and water consumptive use compared to the furrow planting one traditional method, like local farmers practices for all irrigation treatments. Using the bed planting method instead of the furrow planting one, saved water by about 743 m3/fed (25.7%) with irrigation at 0.8 of CPE. The highest values of roots yield, 23.56 ton/fed, and of sugar yield, 3.95 t/fed, had been obtained with the bed planting method, compared to the furrow planting method which had the lowest values 22.03 and 3.52 ton/fed, respectively, for roots and sugar yield.
Therefore, as a result of irrigation scheduling at 0.8 of CPE with planting in beds is an effective method for sugar beet to maximize yield, yield quality and productivity of the irrigation water under the condition of the studied area, in north Nile delta region.
Journal of Soil Sciences and Agricultural Engineering
Mansoura University, Faculty of Agriculture
2090-3685
3
v.
3
no.
2012
373
387
https://jssae.journals.ekb.eg/article_53876_005da737e57f1889ce0a932e632a6dab.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.21608/jssae.2012.53876
DEVELOPMENT AND PERFORMANCE EVALUATION OF A RAMMING MACHINE FOR PELLETS PRODUCTION
M.A.
Basiouny
Agric. Eng. Res. Inst. (AEnRI), ARC, Giza, Egypt.
author
text
article
2012
eng
This study was carried out to develop and evaluate a pelleting machine to overcome the separation of the fodder components during the pelleting process and to increase the machine productivity. The machine modification was accomplished at private workshop in Kafrelsheikh governorate. The experiments was carried out during the year of 2011 in RiceMechanizationCenter, Meet El-Deeba village, Kafrelsheikh governorate, Egypt. The effect of fodder types (Berseem hay and Cottonseed), raw materials moisture content (22.83, 27.61 and 32.58% w.b.), crank arm speeds (45, 70, 90 and 120rpm) and die hole diameters (3, 6, 9 and 12mm) on machine productivity, energy consumed and pelleting cost. Also, the effect of tested parameters on pellet quality such as durability, stiffness and pellet bulk density were taken into consideration. The results showed that, the optimum operating conditions of the developed pelleting machine was at raw materials moisture content of 22.83%(w.b.), crank arm speed of 120rpm and die hole diameter of 12mm. Where, it gave machine productivity of 0.248 and 0.255Mg/h, energy consumed of 4.90 and 5.13kW.h/Mg and operating cost of 46.42 and 45.23LE/Mg for Berseem hay and Cottonseed fodders, respectively. Moreover, the optimum operating conditions gave the best pellets quality as well as pellets durability of 95.64 and 93.66%, bulk density of about 2.22 and 2.18g/cm3, and stiffness of 175.6 and 172.7N for Berseem hay and Cottonseed fodders, respectively.
Journal of Soil Sciences and Agricultural Engineering
Mansoura University, Faculty of Agriculture
2090-3685
3
v.
3
no.
2012
401
418
https://jssae.journals.ekb.eg/article_53879_5512e03f50e4e25cb513913b7102d845.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.21608/jssae.2012.53879
PROFITABLE MAXIMIZING FROM THE TREATED SEWAGE EFFLUENT REUSE FOR IRRIGATING IN NEWLY RECLAIMED DESERT SOILS TO PRODUCE BIODIESEL FROM THE GROWN JATROPHA TREES
S. A.
El-Tohamy
Soils, Water and Environment Res. Inst., Agric. Res. Center, Giza, Egypt.
author
M. M.
El Kholy
Soils, Water and Environment Res. Inst., Agric. Res. Center, Giza, Egypt.
author
T. A.
El-Maghraby
Soils, Water and Environment Res. Inst., Agric. Res. Center, Giza, Egypt.
author
Somaya A.
Hassanein
Soils, Water and Environment Res. Inst., Agric. Res. Center, Giza, Egypt.
author
text
article
2012
eng
This study is an important strategy to support the local best usage of marginal desert soils as well as low quality water as alternative irrigation water resources, for irrigating. Also, it represents a huge challenge and technical solution for an environmental problem, i.e., the utilization of contaminated sewage effluent as an alternative irrigation source for wooding the west desert outskirts of Luxor as well as Ismailia governorates, Egypt. With no competing food uses, this characteristic turns attention to Jatropha curcas trees, which grow in tropical and subtropical climates. Among the non-edible oil sources, Jatropha curcas is identified as a potential biodiesel source, which has added advantages as rapid growth, higher seed productivity, suitable for tropical and subtropical regions.
The integrated combination between wastewater as an irrigation source, marginal desert soil and Jatropha curcas as potential biodiesel source represents a new agriculture strategy as well as affects the country's economy and its development. This is due to the possible adverse effects on either crop products or human health should be alleviated; besides it represents an ideal solution to meet out higher diesel demand.and oil imports. Also, such biodiesel, as a renewable energy source, is becoming increasingly important due to diminishing petroleum reserves and the environmental consequences of exhaust gases from petroleum fuelled engines. However, the released CO2 as an air volatile pollutant represents a fewer value equal about 20 % of that derived from petroleum fuelled engines.
The special attention was focused to optimize the first step of the process for reducing the possible adverse effects of contaminated sewage effluent, among being passed through an oxidation or bio-remediation pond. The second attention was focused to optimize for reducing the possible adverse effects of the marginal desert sandy soil, among being applied a suitable irrigation system of drip irrigation system that partially capable to retain enough available soil moisture range for grown plants and biological activity. The obtained field studies and analytical data indicate that the experimental soil is encompassing by the aeolian deposits, and classified as Typic Torripsamments, siliceous, hyper thermic Typic.
The suitability criteria of water source for irrigation purpose indicate that it lies in the first category C1S1, i.e., no problems for salinity and sodicity are expected. An elemental composition analysis of N, P, K, Fe, Mn, Zn, Cu, Cd, Co, Pb, Ni and Cr as well as biological criteria (i.e., COD, BOD, Fecal Coli, Salmonella and Shighla) was executed on each of the studied irrigation water and experimental soil, and it was found that their available contents still within the permissible limits, since their soluble values in the used irrigation water source are more than the fresh water. Hence, a field experiment was conducted on the chosen soil sites,.The agricultural management practices were conducted as usual. The obtained results showed also a beneficial effect of the applied irrigation water source on the grown plants, due to caused more pronounced increments in plant growth, seed yield and seed oil yield with high quality. As for, biodiesel production from seed oil of Jatropha curcas with a high content of free fatty acid .
Journal of Soil Sciences and Agricultural Engineering
Mansoura University, Faculty of Agriculture
2090-3685
3
v.
3
no.
2012
335
347
https://jssae.journals.ekb.eg/article_53883_dd2e361edf0b950b8d484c413a78bc06.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.21608/jssae.2012.53883