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SI1 > rainfed. Hydrogel treatment led to an increase in wheat grain yield by 19.1, 14.8 and 9.4% under rainfed, SI1 and SI2, respectively compared with H0 treatment. Generally, the addition of hydrogel enhanced the studied soil physical properties. Slow release fertilizer superior to traditional fertilizers that enhanced wheat yield compared with control (F0). Although increasing applied water led to decrease IWUE, the addition of hydrogel and slow-release fertilizer raised both of irrigation water use efficiency (IWUE) and economic water productivity (EWP). Interestingly, the interaction SI1xHxSRF (1274.5 and 1276.0 kg/fed.) produced higher grain yield than SI2x H0x F0 (928.0 and 995.1 kg/fed.) and SI2x H0xTF (1207.0 and 1206.7 kg/fed) in the first and second season, respectively. Thus, it can reserve about 40% of added water by using hydrogel and slow release fertilizers with SI1 (60% of water requirements) under the studied soil conditions. It can address the challenges of wheat production under dryland conditions by the integration between supplemental irrigation, hydrogel, and slow-release fertilizers. ]]>
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Cl-> HCO3- whereas CO-3ion was not detected. On the other hand, the cations contents of the water samples followed the sequence: Na+> Mg2+> Ca2+> K+. In addition, the pH values of the studied water samples ranged between 6.9 and 7. 9. The analytical results indicated that 94 % of the groundwater samples can be classified as good for irrigation on bases of EC, SAR, RSC and SSP%. Both SAR and RSC values indicated no liability for sodicity hazard. However, groundwater samples had high salinity levels and low sodicity (C3–S1). Some other parameters, which were generally used for assessing water quality e.g. Irrigation Water Quality Index (IWQI) and Relative Crop Yield Potential (RCYP), were calculated. GIS was used to create a water quality database including spatial distribution map for each parameter. The results obtained herein showed that about 21 % of the groundwater samples belong to No Restriction category (NR) while about 79 % from the total samples belong to the Low Restriction (LR) category. According to the RYPC values calculated for some crops that can be cultivated using the investigated waters, the following sequence is obtained: sugar beet (94) > wheat (74) > corn (33) > bean (13). Thus, it can be concluded that the studied groundwater can successfully be used for irrigation with special salinity control management i.e. leaching requirements and salt tolerant plants.]]>
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13 indicating sodic soils. The total nitrogen in the tested soil samples is very low. Concerning available phosphorus, about 53, 30 and 17% of tested soil samples were low, medium and high, respectively. The available potassium (K) for 98% of the tested soil samples was very high. Suitable gypsum requirements should be added to reclaim these soils which need a management program to overcome these problems. Also, organic manures have to be applied to improve the soil properties and enrich their nutrient status.]]>
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