@article { author = {Basiouny, M.}, title = {DEVELOPING AND PERFORMANCE EVALUATION OF A HYDRAULIC PRESS FOR ANIMAL FEED BLOCKS FORMATION}, journal = {Journal of Soil Sciences and Agricultural Engineering}, volume = {6}, number = {3}, pages = {353-373}, year = {2015}, publisher = {Mansoura University, Faculty of Agriculture}, issn = {2090-3685}, eissn = {2090-3766}, doi = {10.21608/jssae.2015.42169}, abstract = {An appropriate machine prototype was developed and evaluated for densification of rice straw with molasses into animal feed blocks, to enable efficient utilization of rice straw, and to improve the feed bulk handling, transportation, and storage properties. The machine prototype involved two main parts namely: hydraulic press and compactor parts (mold, rammer and free base). The feed raw material samples were densified under the effects of four pressure levels (24.52, 34.32, 44.13 and 53.94MPa), two geometrical mold shapes (cube and cuboid), four molasses content levels (4, 6, 8 and 10%), and three moisture content levels (about 10.32, 13.41 and 16.58%, w.b.) by a piston-mold process. The properties of the densified animal feed blocks were illustrated with respect to bulk density, densification degree, resiliency, durability and stiffness. Also the performance of densification machine prototype was evaluated in terms of its productivity and cost unit. Results indicated that, the optimum conditions for producing good quality densified feed blocks, were obtained by applying hydraulic pressure of 53.94MPa, molasses content of 10% and straw moisture content of 16.58%. As densification process was carried out respectively in cube and cuboid molds under these variable levels, the produced feed blocks, exhibited respectively: bulk densities of 659.87 and 632.04kg/m3, densification degrees of 281.41 and 265.32% and resiliency indicates of 8.35 and 10.03%. The results also indicated that, the highest durability values of 99.27 and 96.92% were respectively obtained for both densified cube and cuboid blocks at moisture content of 10.32%, compression pressure of 53.94MPa and molasses content of 10%. At the same mentioned densification conditions, the highest block stiffness values (385.22 and 380.86N), were respectively obtained for both densified cube and cuboid blocks. For choosing a proper geometrical mold shape, the results reveled that the densified cube blocks were high stability compressed blocks compared to cuboid blocks. The average productivity of the investigated feed block formation equipments was 60 feed block/h (45kg/h), while, the machinery unit cost was about 8.144LE/h (0.18097LE/kg).}, keywords = {}, url = {https://jssae.journals.ekb.eg/article_42169.html}, eprint = {https://jssae.journals.ekb.eg/article_42169_52e0394125d67f958af3fdfeef117532.pdf} } @article { author = {Ouda, Samiha and Ewis, M. and Badawi, M.}, title = {WATER REQUIREMENTS FOR CLOVER AND COTTON UNDER CLIMATE CHANGE CONDITIONS.}, journal = {Journal of Soil Sciences and Agricultural Engineering}, volume = {6}, number = {3}, pages = {375-383}, year = {2015}, publisher = {Mansoura University, Faculty of Agriculture}, issn = {2090-3685}, eissn = {2090-3766}, doi = {10.21608/jssae.2015.42172}, abstract = {Water requirements for the clover and cotton crops under both current climate and climate change conditions in 2040 was calculated using  Basic Irrigation Scheduling (BISm) model. Hargreaves-Samani equation is used to calculate ETo in case of only temperature data are input. ECHAM5 model (Roeckner et al. 2003) was used to develop A1B climate change scenario for each weather station in each governorate in 2040. The herein results indicated  that climate change condition in 2040 is expected to increase ET values for all Egyptian Governorates and consequently crop water requirements will follow similar trend. Crop water requirements for the crops grown at Middle and Upper Egypt will be higher than those cultivated at Lower Egypt. Under climate change conditions, great competition on the limited water resources between economic sectors will be raised and agricultural activity is the most negatively affected sector.. The most important results could be as follows:- 1- Under climate change conditions the yearly ETo value is expected to increase by 8% in the Nile Delta for governorates that has a shore on Mediterranean Sea i.e. Alexandria, El-Behira, Kafr El-Sheik, El-Dakahlia and Demiatt. In the rest of Nile Delta Governorates, the percentage of increase was 9%.  In Middle Egypt, the increase percentage reached to 11%. Furthermore, in Upper Egypt the increase percentage was between 11and 18%, where the highest increase percentage was 18% in Aswan. 2- The difference between ET under current climate and under climate change during clover growing season was low (4-5%). Starting from El-Gharbia governorate, the difference became higher (10%) and highest difference was found in Aswan which reached 15%. 3- The applied irrigation water for cotton under climate change conditions were higher than those under current climate conditions by 6 to 8% in the Nile Delta, 9% in Middle Egypt and 10-12% in Upper Egypt. Based on the above results and to mitigate such problem, irrigation practices, in particular surface irrigation methods, must be change to be more effective to save irrigation water without significant reduction in output yields. The saved water could be oriented for establishing new agricultural societies in the newly reclaimed lands. In addition, it is very important to improve the production system via cultivated high – yielding crop varieties, proper sowing dates and applying suitable irrigation and fertilization management will be helpful in this respect.}, keywords = {Climate change expected,water requirements,Clover and cotton}, url = {https://jssae.journals.ekb.eg/article_42172.html}, eprint = {https://jssae.journals.ekb.eg/article_42172_09c78d98f1ef93ed39be0a4d0e155fdb.pdf} } @article { author = {Amer, M.}, title = {EFFECT OF GYPSUM, SUGAR FACTORY LIME AND MOLAS ON SOME SOIL PROPRIETIES AND PRODUCTIVITY OF SUGAR BEET(Beta vulgaris l.) GROWN ON SALINE-SODIC SOILS OF NILE NORTH DELTA}, journal = {Journal of Soil Sciences and Agricultural Engineering}, volume = {6}, number = {3}, pages = {385-401}, year = {2015}, publisher = {Mansoura University, Faculty of Agriculture}, issn = {2090-3685}, eissn = {2090-3766}, doi = {10.21608/jssae.2015.42170}, abstract = {Two field trials were carried out at the Experimental Farm, Sakha Agricultural Research Station, North Delta during the two successive winter growing seasons of 2012/2013 and 2013/2014. The research aimed to study the of effect application of gypsum, mixture (byproduct of sugar factory lime treated by commercial H2SO4) and molas and their interaction on some salt affected soils properties, yield of sugar beet (Beta vulgaris L.), field water use efficiency (FWUE) and their economic efficiency. The experiments were designed as split-split plot with three replicates. The main plots were occupied by gypsum, G (0, 5, 7.5, 10 Mg Fed.-1), sub plots were devoted to sugar lime mixture, SLM (0, 4, 6 MgFed-1) and the sub-sub plots were molas, M (0, 30, 60 L Fed.-1). The results showed that the amendments addition clearly improved some chemical properties of the studied soil. The common parameters of saline sodic soil i.e., EC, sodium adsorption ratio (SAR) , exchangeable sodium percentage (ESP) , bulk density and hydraulic conductivity(H.C) were clearly improved by application of gypsum,.The results showed that combined treatments were more efficient than single one. Increase the rate of used gypsum led to a decrease in salinity as well as sodicity. The mean values of EC, SAR and ESP were decreased by-43.6%, -56.79% and -37.56%, respectively due to application of gypsum up to 10 Mg fed-1, as compared to that without application. Application of sugar lime mixture (SLM) and molas had insignificant  effect on soil ECe, SAR and ESP after the harvesting of sugar beet in both growing seasons.  Data show that soil ECe, SAR and ESP recorded lowest value due to the interaction between G*SLM*M  Percentage of Na-removed from the soils at the end of the experi­ment was about 51% due to the interaction between gypsum, sugar lime mixture and molas up to 10, 6 Mg fed.-1 and 60LFed.-1, respectively. On the other hand, the highest values of soil infiltration rate and hydraulic conductivity were found with the interaction between gypsum, SLM and molas as compared to the control. Roots , the top yields of sugar beet, sucrose (%) and extractable sugar yield were high significantly increased with application of gypsum up to 10 Mg fed-1 and/or with the interaction between all amendments during both growing seasons. Also, root N, Na and K % after harvesting, were high significantly increased due to the interaction between all amendments during both seasons. Sugar recovery and recoverable sugar yield were high significantly increased due to the interaction between all amendments. The highest net income values from water unit (1.93, 1.42 and 1.28 LE/m3 water) were obtained with the application of 10 Mg gypsum fed-1 , 6 Mg sugar lime mixture fed-1 and 30 L molas fed.- 1, respectively. The highest total and net income were recorded with the interaction between 10 Mg gypsum fed-1 , 6 Mg lime Fed-1 and  60 L Molas Fed.-1. The amendment can be arranged, due to its effect on root of  sugar beet, total income, net income, Net  efficiency  from water unit and economic Eff.  in the order of: G*SLM*M > G*SLM >G*M>G> SLM*M> SLM >M Finally, the most effective treatment was the interaction between G*SLM*M.}, keywords = {Salt-affected soils,soil conditioners,soil properties,Sugar beet,sugar recovery,economical evaluation}, url = {https://jssae.journals.ekb.eg/article_42170.html}, eprint = {https://jssae.journals.ekb.eg/article_42170_4e2bd728fd375299545d2836e1b8a25c.pdf} } @article { author = {Abdel-Hamid, M. and Nasr, Y. and Ismail, M. and Yacoub, R. and Elwan, A.}, title = {SPATIAL PREDICTION OF SOIL SALINITY USING ELECTROMAGNETIC INDUCTION TECHNIQUES}, journal = {Journal of Soil Sciences and Agricultural Engineering}, volume = {6}, number = {3}, pages = {403-413}, year = {2015}, publisher = {Mansoura University, Faculty of Agriculture}, issn = {2090-3685}, eissn = {2090-3766}, doi = {10.21608/jssae.2015.42177}, abstract = {The ability to diagnose and monitor field scale salinity condition has been considerably refined and improved through the use of electromagnetic induction survey instruments. The EMI 400 prediction technique was made using salinity survey data from three separated fields. Three frequencies were used during collecting the measurements (14 KHz, 15 KHz, and 16 KHz). The zigzag orientation was used for measurements distribution. Simple correlation and multiple liner regression models were combined with ordinary kriging to construct field average salinity estimates to produce spatial salinity map. From the multi regression analysis, the EMI 400 reading values at frequency 14KHz justified 74.7% and 89.5% of the variations that existed in the measured EC values for plot 1 and 2, respectively. While the EMI 400 reading values at frequency 15KHz, justified 68.1% of these variation for plot 3.There is a general spectral pattern similarity between EMI 400 readings maps and the estimated ECe maps. This confirms that EMI 400 readings are appropriate for reconnaissance survey to provide a priori spatial information about salinity; allowing allocation of the most and least saline areas. The study shows the usefulness of using electromagnetic sensor (EMI 400) to assess, predict and map soil salinity at field scale.}, keywords = {Soil salinity,electromagnetic induction,EMI400,Beni Suif}, url = {https://jssae.journals.ekb.eg/article_42177.html}, eprint = {https://jssae.journals.ekb.eg/article_42177_a1bdf50f3bf9d965866be1cc1f9160d3.pdf} }