@article { author = {Kassab, M. M. and El-Saiad, I. A. and Ibraim, M. A. M.}, title = {IMPACT OF NUMBER OF IRRIGATIONS AND AMOUNT OF WATER APPLIED ON PRODUCTIVITY AND WATER USE OF EGYPTIAN CLOVER.}, journal = {Journal of Soil Sciences and Agricultural Engineering}, volume = {4}, number = {5}, pages = {441-452}, year = {2013}, publisher = {Mansoura University, Faculty of Agriculture}, issn = {2090-3685}, eissn = {2090-3766}, doi = {10.21608/jssae.2013.51928}, abstract = {A field trial was carried out at Sakha Agricultural Research Station, Kafr el-Sheikh Governorate during the two successive winter seasons 2008/2009 and 2009/2010. The main targets for this present work were to study the influence of number of irrigations during each crop cut and amount of applied water on productivity of Egyptian clover (Berseem) as well as some water relations. Number of irrigations were; A- one irrigation during each cut, B- two irrigations through each cut. While, applied irrigation water was based on: 1.             Irrigation according to soil moisture depletion (S.M.D) method. 2.             Irrigation by using Ibrahim equation (ETp = 0.1642 + 0.8 EP) 3.             Irrigation till 5.0 cm as water depth above soil surface (control).                 The obtained data can be summarized as follows: Both fresh and dry yields were increased by increasing number of irrigations during each two successive seasons. The mean values of the two seasons were 34.13 and 38.47 under one and two irrigations between cuts, respectively. Regarding applied water, the highest fresh yield was recorded under irrigation till 5.0 cm above soil surface more over dry yield has the same trend as the fresh yield but with less values.                 Regarding water- utilization and use efficiencies, the high values were obtained under giving one irrigation through each cut. The highest values were 22.10 and 23.83 kg/m3 at giving one irrigation for water utilization and use efficiencies, respectively.. Concerning the effect of applied water, the highest mean values for both efficiencies were recorded under irrigation after using Ibrahim,s equation.                 The highest mean values of amount of applied water were recorded under giving two irrigations through each cut comparing with giving one irrigation in the two growing seasons. Irrigation till water depth 5.0 cm above the soil surface (control) gave the highest values for amount of applied water. The same trend was recorded regarding consumptive use in the two growing seasons.}, keywords = {}, url = {https://jssae.journals.ekb.eg/article_51928.html}, eprint = {https://jssae.journals.ekb.eg/article_51928_b8171bd1b30e2dd189cd30b9f74aa619.pdf} } @article { author = {Zayed, B. A. and El – Saiad, I. A. and Bassiouni, S. M. and Salem, A. K.}, title = {EFFECT OF DIFFERENT PLANTING SYSTEM ON SOIL, WATER AND RICE PRODUCTIVITY IN THE NORTHERN PART OF DELTA IN EGYPT}, journal = {Journal of Soil Sciences and Agricultural Engineering}, volume = {4}, number = {5}, pages = {453-462}, year = {2013}, publisher = {Mansoura University, Faculty of Agriculture}, issn = {2090-3685}, eissn = {2090-3766}, doi = {10.21608/jssae.2013.51935}, abstract = {Water scarcity and soil salinity are the main constrains for rice production in Egypt. Rice is the greatest consumer of water among all crops. A system of growing rice on raised beds or levees and system of rice intensification (intermittent irrigation system) where water is applied only in the furrows between beds, is hypothesized to reduce water input for rice. For water saving with considerable rice grain yield under newly reclaimed saline soil, two field experiments were conducted to innovate new rice planting technology at the experimental farm of El Sirw agriculture research station during two successive seasons of, 2011 and 2012. The system of rice cultivation technology were traditional transplanted with watering every four days as traditional methods (control treatment) up to 6 cm water depth, system of rice intensification (SRI) with intermittent irrigation system, dry rice seed on dry levees with watering as upland crop up to 30 days after sowing then shifting watering every four days up to 1 cm water depth and transplanted rice on levees with watering every four days up to 1 cm water depth.  The used variety in this experiment was Giza 178 (drought and salt  tolerant Egyptian rice variety). The soil was clayey in texture with salinity level of 6.5& 6.0 dS/m in 2011 and 2012 seasons, respectively. The obtained findings revealed that the different systems of rice planting and technology significantly showed variation in their impact on soil properties, yield and yield attributing characteristics  of rice as well as saved water and water productivity in rice crop under such circumstances. SRI had the lowest values of  soil EC, soluble cations and anions as well as bulk density in both seasons. Furthermore, SRI gave the highest values of yield and most of yield components as well as chlorophyll content in the leaf at heading without any significant differences with those obtained by Traditional transplanted one. The dry seed on dry levees gave the highest values of soil EC, soluble and anions as well as bulk density and, lowest value of pH in both seasons followed by transplanted on levees but less than the initial values of them. the system of dry seed on dry levees gave the lowest values of total applied water (8899.0 &8910.0 m3 / ha) in the first and second seasons, respectively followed by transplanted rice on levees and then SRI in both seasons. In addition, dry seed on dry levees had the highest values of water use efficiency and water saved (0.87 and 0.91 as well as 4290) for WUE, water saved in 2011 and 2012 seasons, respectively, followed by rice transplanted on levees and then SRI(Table9). Traditional rice transplanting of flat soil gave the highest values of total applied water (13618 &13629 m3 /ha) and the lowest values of water use efficiency (0.61 and 0.64) in the first and second seasons, respectively.  Considering soil, yield and water saved , the SRI superior the rest of  current investigated system of rice cultivation under present conditions.}, keywords = {rice,water use efficiency,SRI,dry seed,soil properties Saline soils}, url = {https://jssae.journals.ekb.eg/article_51935.html}, eprint = {https://jssae.journals.ekb.eg/article_51935_6ff2a794198a964d1249f02d94ec00d3.pdf} } @article { author = {Atwa, A. A. E. and Talha, N.I. and EL-Gizawy, E.S. and Amer, kh. A.}, title = {IMPACT OF WATER QUALITIY ON BARLEY VARIETIES, SOIL PROPERTIES AND THEIR CONTENTS OF HEAVY METALS}, journal = {Journal of Soil Sciences and Agricultural Engineering}, volume = {4}, number = {5}, pages = {463-474}, year = {2013}, publisher = {Mansoura University, Faculty of Agriculture}, issn = {2090-3685}, eissn = {2090-3766}, doi = {10.21608/jssae.2013.51909}, abstract = {Two Lyzimeter experiments were conducted at Sakha Agricultural Research Station, Kafr El-Sheikh, Egypt, for two seasons, 2010/2011 and 2011/2012 Lyzimeters (100 x 70 x 90 cm) were filled with clayey soil and irrigated with three water treatments since twenty three years ago.                 The present study aimed to investigate the effect of irrigation water quality for long-term on productivity of four barely   varieties (Giza123, 124, 126 and Giza129). Three irrigation water qualities; Nile water (W1), polluted drainage water (W3) and mixed water; W2 ( 50% W1 + 50% W3) used for irrigation to study its effects on barely contents from four heavy metals Ni, Cd, Pb and Cu and some soil characteristics. A split–plot design with four replicates was used where, water treatments and varieties were allocated to main and sub-plots, respectively. The obtained results showed that: Using poor water quality for irrigation increased ECe, SAR, soluble cations and anions in soil paste extract and DTPA extractable heavy metals in soils (Cu, Ni, Cd and Pb) than that of mixed or good water quality. Highly significant differences of yield and yield components among barely varities were found due to irrigation water treatments and its contents of heavy metals.      Straw heavy metals content were higher than that of grains.  The results showed that Giza 123 was more tolerant variety to drainage and mixed water and its lower or higher contents of Ni, Pb and Cu. No significant differences were found among Cd content for all studied barley varieties. The heavy metals content of barley varieties from can be arranged as follow: With Pb: v2< v3 < v1 Sakha101 = Sakha 102 = Eclena = Elona > Esclena; at S1; Sakha 1> Sakha 2 =Sakha101 = Sakha 102 = Eclena = Elona=Esclena at S2 and Sakha 1 = Sakha 2 > Sakha101 = Eclena = Elona >Esclena=Sakha102at S3. The used varieties were arrangedin the descending order according toStraw yield (ton/fed.) as follows: With S1: Sakha1 = Sakha2 =Esclena= Eclena = Elona.>Sakha101=sakha102 With S2: Sakha1 = Esclena=Eclena = Elona > Sakha2 =Sakha101=Sakha102  WithS3:=Sakha1= Esclena=Eclena = Elona =Sakha101=Sakha102 > Sakha2 Fiber weight (kg/fed)-technical stem length and radius (cm) significantly decreased with increasing soil salinity levels. Flax varieties Sakha 1 and Sakha2 were the more tolerant varieties to soil salinity. Whereas   the varieties Eclena and Esclena was the most sensitive one to soil salinity. The varieties Sakha101, Sakha 102   were of moderate tolerant to soil salinity.}, keywords = {Flax,Soil salinity,Yield and yield components}, url = {https://jssae.journals.ekb.eg/article_51913.html}, eprint = {https://jssae.journals.ekb.eg/article_51913_b0638039ddf8592e6353924e78a9dd7b.pdf} } @article { author = {Bahnasawy, N. M. A.}, title = {A STUDY ON CARBONATE FORMS OF SOME CALCAREOUS SOILS NORTH AND SOUTH SINAI, EGYPT}, journal = {Journal of Soil Sciences and Agricultural Engineering}, volume = {4}, number = {5}, pages = {485-506}, year = {2013}, publisher = {Mansoura University, Faculty of Agriculture}, issn = {2090-3685}, eissn = {2090-3766}, doi = {10.21608/jssae.2013.51921}, abstract = {Eighteen soil samples were collected from the subsequent layers of nine soil profiles representing the calcareous soils of El–Arish and Ras Sudr. Field evidence showed the different forms of soil carbonates, crust, concretions, nodules and soft powdery (diffused). The collected soil samples were analysed to determine some of their physical and chemical characteristics, then X-rayed to determine the crystalline soil carbonate minerals.                 The obtained results showed that total soil carbonates varies widely from 2.98 to 50.21% and 32.49 to 59.85% in El-Arish and Ras Sudr soils, respectively. The depthwise distribution of carbonates follows nearly two patterns characterized by a tendency of increase and irregular distribution down- ward the soil profiles with no distinctive formation of pedogenic calcic horizon.                 The carbonate mineralogy revealed the dominance of calcite, ankerite and monohydrocalcite in both soils with slight occurrence of other eleven crystalline carbonate minerals, of which gaudefroyite was identified in both soils forming about 4-6% of carbonate minerals. Minrecordite, dolomite and northupite were also indentified in traceable amounts (average 4.09 and 4.80% of soil carbonate), while other minerals constitute an average weighted means in soil profiles, not exceeding 4% of carbonates for each mineral.                 The results of carbonate mineralogy were interpreted in light of soil origin, genesis and formation which clarified that most carbonate minerals are geogenic or lithogenic, derived from the limestone- enriched rocks of El–Tih and Egma plateau. But this does not deny the authogenic or pedogenic orgin of some carbonates due to weathering and chemiprecipitation enhanced by the increasing concentrations of soluble Ca++, Mg++ and HCO3ions and CO2 from biotic origin as well as the links between abiotic and biotic CaCO3 whose interactions are also discussed. However, the biogeochemical interaction is seemingly slow, weak and needs long time to reach distinguishable calcic horizon under the prevailing arid environment.}, keywords = {}, url = {https://jssae.journals.ekb.eg/article_51921.html}, eprint = {https://jssae.journals.ekb.eg/article_51921_d36484d2030d112a73bd1b7da7868a17.pdf} } @article { author = {Ashry, M. R. K.}, title = {YIELD AND SOME CROP - WATER RELATIONSHIPS OF ONION UNDER DIFFERENT IRRIGATION REGIMES AND LIQUID AMMONIA FERTILIZATION LEVELS}, journal = {Journal of Soil Sciences and Agricultural Engineering}, volume = {4}, number = {5}, pages = {507-518}, year = {2013}, publisher = {Mansoura University, Faculty of Agriculture}, issn = {2090-3685}, eissn = {2090-3766}, doi = {10.21608/jssae.2013.51924}, abstract = {    A field experiment was conducted at Tameia Agric.Res. station, Fayoum Governorate, during 2010/2011 season and repeated in 2011/2012 one, aiming at studying the effect of irrigation regimes as different available soil moisture depletion (ASMD) and N - fertilization levels as (100,120 and140 Kg.N fed-1 soil – injected ammonia gas) on onion bulb yield, yield components and some crop - water relations. To achieve the previous targets, N fertilization levels i.e. 100, 120 and  140 kg N/fed were combined with three irrigation regimes i.e. irrigation at 35, 55 and 75% ASMD in a strip-plot design with four replicates. The main obtained results could be summarized as follows:- 1. Onion bulbs yield and yield components were significantly affected by the adopted both N fertilization levels and irrigation regimes and their interaction as well in both seasons. 2. The highest averages of bulb weight, bulb diameter and bulbs yields (18.750 and 17.910 t fed-1) were detected from applying 140 kg N fed-1 and irrigation at 35% ASMD interaction, whereas the lowest figures resulted from the interaction of 140 kg N fed-1 level and irrigation at 35% ASMD, in 2010/2011and 2011/2012 seasons. 3. Seasonal evapotranspiration (ETC)., as a function of N -fertilization levels and irrigation regimes were 35.03 and 33.85 cm in 2010/2011 and 2011/2012 seasons, respectively. The highest ETC values (40.32 and 39.11 cm) resulted from applying 140 kg N fed-1 and irrigation at 35% ASMD in the two successive seasons. Applying 100 kg N fed-1 and irrigation at 75% ASMD gave the lowest ETC values which comprised 29.93 and 29.06 cm in 2010/2011 and 2011/2012 seasons, respectively. 4. The crop coefficient (KC) values were 0.56, 0.69, 0.79, 0.94 and 0.74 for December, January, February, March and April, respectively, ( two seasons average of the highest yielding interaction e.g. supplying N at 140 kg fed-1 rate and irrigating at 35%ASMD). 5. The highest water use efficiency values in 2010/2011 and 2011/2012  seasons (10.054 and 10.903  kg dry bulbs m-3 water consumed, respectively) were detected from applying 140 kg N fed-1 and irrigation at 35% ASMD.}, keywords = {Onion yield,ammonia gas fertilization,irrigation regimes,crop - water relations}, url = {https://jssae.journals.ekb.eg/article_51924.html}, eprint = {https://jssae.journals.ekb.eg/article_51924_3204d3904b9d031bb3b898089f0e6c33.pdf} } @article { author = {Abdel-Mageed, H. N. and Ibrahim, M. M. and Ismail, W.T.}, title = {UTILIZATION THE SIMPLE PROGRAM IN INTEGRATED MANAGEMENT OF MECHANIZED WHEAT PRODUCTION}, journal = {Journal of Soil Sciences and Agricultural Engineering}, volume = {4}, number = {5}, pages = {519-535}, year = {2013}, publisher = {Mansoura University, Faculty of Agriculture}, issn = {2090-3685}, eissn = {2090-3766}, doi = {10.21608/jssae.2013.51916}, abstract = {The present research aimed to select the suitable integrated machines for wheat production which can be used depending on the field area and the available time of each operation.  The Visual basic program is used to belt a simple program “W.A.T.L.P.S.I.H.” and to calculate the critical specified information from the wheat operating systems. This program is divided into three main subroutines for the main wheat production processes; tillage, leveling, seeding, manure spreaders, irrigation, and harvesting to select the machine number and specifications that recognized to obtain the minimum operating time and total cost. The program tested as a case study at the variables of machine width and duplicated, field area and field shapes. The research concluded that the increase in machine width by 60 %, the operating time decreased by 65.60 and 59.92% respectively at square and rectangle field shape, also the operating cost decreased by 66.48 and 60.99% at the corresponding field shape. Furthermore, the increase in machine width by 60 % the operating time decreased by 65.56 and 54.25% respectively at square and rectangular field shapes, also the operating cost decreased by 69.38 and 57.95% at the corresponding field shapes. The software program can be applied at service stations mechanism to determine the best automation system at the lowest cost and in the time available for the farmer.}, keywords = {}, url = {https://jssae.journals.ekb.eg/article_51916.html}, eprint = {https://jssae.journals.ekb.eg/article_51916_4800097a68ec309b2d43b57b0a640412.pdf} }