@article { author = {Soliman, S. M. and El-Nennah, M. E. and El-Degwy, Sherien M. and Gadalla, A. M. and Al-Natsheh, B. A.}, title = {REUSE OF LOW QUALITY WATER SOURCES FOR IRRIGATION AND MANAGEMENT OF SOIL HEAVY METALS}, journal = {Journal of Soil Sciences and Agricultural Engineering}, volume = {2}, number = {11}, pages = {1075-1088}, year = {2011}, publisher = {Mansoura University, Faculty of Agriculture}, issn = {2090-3685}, eissn = {2090-3766}, doi = {10.21608/jssae.2011.56449}, abstract = {A pot experiment was carried out under green house condition to evaluate the impact of wastewater sources on soil heavy metals content (Fe, Cu, Zn, Mn, Cd and Pb) as well as plant growth and its heavy metals content. In this regard, we aimed to reuse both the low quality wastewater and heavy metal contaminated soil. This study revealed that sewage effluent and industrial wastewater are the main sources of pollution of the water body when used in irrigation. They contain variable amounts of heavy metals lead to increase concentration of metals in the soil and vegetation. Soil, plant and water quality monitoring, together with the prevention of metals entering the plant, are a prerequisite in order to prevent potential health hazards of irrigation with sewage-fed or industrial wastewater. Heavy accumulation of metals in root from soil and subsequent translocation to other parts of plants is important for the selection of plant specially crops and vegetables. To avoid entrance of metals into the food chain, municipal or industrial waste should not be drained into rivers and farmlands without prior treatment. }, keywords = {Heavy metals,plant growth,Wastewater Management}, url = {https://jssae.journals.ekb.eg/article_56449.html}, eprint = {https://jssae.journals.ekb.eg/article_56449_7ebf91bffaa256a4e6fe80c070403794.pdf} } @article { author = {Al-Hadethi, A. A. and Abbas, R. S. and Alqauaz, G.}, title = {ROLE OF ZINC FERTILIZATION IN INCREASING YIELD QUANTITY AND QUALITY OF WHEAT}, journal = {Journal of Soil Sciences and Agricultural Engineering}, volume = {2}, number = {11}, pages = {1089-1098}, year = {2011}, publisher = {Mansoura University, Faculty of Agriculture}, issn = {2090-3685}, eissn = {2090-3766}, doi = {10.21608/jssae.2011.56441}, abstract = { أجريت تجربتان حقليتان لدراسة استجابة صنفين من الحنطة الناعمة والخشنة للتسميد بالزنک وتأثيره في حاصل الحبوب والحاصل البيولوجي ونسبة البروتين في الحبوب. التجربة الأولى أضيف فيها الزنک إلى التربة, إذ أضيف بالمستويين 4 و 8 کغم زنک هـ-1 فضلاً عن معاملة المحايد (من دون إضافة الزنک). أما التجربة الثانية فقد أضيف فيها الزنک رشاً على المجموع الخضري إذ أضيف الزنک بالمستويين 0.4 و 0.8 کغم زنک. هـ-1 فضلاً عن معاملة المحايد (رش بالماء فقط). وقد أضيف الزنک في کلتا التجربتين من المصدرين المعدني (ZnSO4.7H2O) والمخلبي (Zn-DTPA). بينت النتائج المتحصل عليها زيادة معنوية في حاصل الحبوب والحاصل البيولوجي عند إضافة الزنک إلى التربة بالمستوى 8 کغم زنک هـ- 1  قياسا مع معاملة المحايد, وکانت زيادة في حاصل الحبوب بنسبه 26.4 و 38.5 % لصنفي الحنطة أبو غريب3 (الناعمة) ودور 85 (الخشنة), على التوالي أما الزيادة في الحاصل البيولوجي فکانت بنسبة 19.0 و36.9 % لکلا الصنفين, على التوالي أيضا وبغض النظر عن مصدر الزنک المضاف. کما ازدادت نسبة البروتين في الحبوب للصنفين معنويا عند إضافة الزنک إلى التربة بالمستوى 8 کغم زنک هـ- 1 , وعند إضافته رشا بالمستوى 0.8 کغم زنک هـ- 1 وکانت الزيادة عند إضافته للتربة بنسبة 15.4 و9.7 %. أما عند أضافتة رشا فکانت الزيادة بنسبه 14.8 و6.2 %لصنفي الحنطة أبو غريب 3 ودور 85, على التوالي,  قياسا مع معاملة المحايد, وبغض النظر عن مصدر الزنک المضاف کذلک ازداد محتوى الزنک في الحبوب معنويا عند إضافة الزنک إلى التربة بالمستوى 8.0 کغم وفي نفس الوقت حدث انخفاض في محتوى الفسفور بنسبة 5.1 و 5.3% للصنفين ابوغريب 3 ودور 85, على التوالي. وعند إضافة المستوى 0.8 کغم زنک هـ-1 رشا, حصلت أيضا زيادة في محتوى الزنک مع خفض في محتوى الفسفور ولکن بنسبة 6.9 و 9.3% لصنفين ابوغريب 3 ودور 85, على التوالي. وبصفة عامة تعتبر إضافة الزنک إلى التربة بمعدل 8.0 کغم هـ-1 سواء على الصورة المخلبية أو المعدنية فان له أفضل تأثير في زيادة حاصل الحبوب والحاصل البيولوجي ومحتوى البروتين ومحتوى الزنک واقل تأثير في خفض محتوى الفسفور في الحبوب وکان الصنف دور 85 أفضل استجابة من الصنف ابوغريب 3.}, keywords = {التسميد بالزنک، نقص الزنک، الترب الکاسية,أصناف الحنطة}, url = {https://jssae.journals.ekb.eg/article_56441.html}, eprint = {https://jssae.journals.ekb.eg/article_56441_b7e91ea3b1f0470cd72f8715afbb6677.pdf} } @article { author = {Amer, A. Kh. S. and EL Azab, Kadria M. and Mansour, S. F. and Ahmed, M. M. M.}, title = {MANAGEMENT OF SALINITY PROBLEMS AT SAHL EL-TINA- North SINAI}, journal = {Journal of Soil Sciences and Agricultural Engineering}, volume = {2}, number = {11}, pages = {1099-1114}, year = {2011}, publisher = {Mansoura University, Faculty of Agriculture}, issn = {2090-3685}, eissn = {2090-3766}, doi = {10.21608/jssae.2011.56445}, abstract = {A filed experiment was carried out on a sandy loam soil at a newly reclaimed area of Sahl El-Tina, Galbana Village No.7, North Sinai, Egypt, during a growing summer season (2009) to study the effect of two techniques for management (Raised beds practice compared with traditional system Furrow row) of saline soil under different rates and forms of N-mineral fertilizers on soil chemical properties, growth, yield and yield component. The applied treatments were two cultural practices (Raised beds and Furrow rows) as well as three solid N-mineral fertilizer forms (i.e., Urea, Ammonium Nitrate and Ammonium sulfate which added at rates of 75 and 100% of the recommended dose (120 kg N fed-1). Maize (Zea mays L., Th. 321 cv.) was undertaken as plant indicator. The obtained results indicated that the soil chemicals properties were improved under Raised beds conditions compared with traditional system (Furrow row), particularly in the root zone. The pH values were slightly reduced from 8.0 to 7.6 and 7.8. Also the electrical conductivity values (EC) were strongly reduced from 7.3 to 3.4 and 4.2 for Raised beds and Furrow row respectively. More or less similar trend was obtained for the soluble ions with the height reduction up to more than 50% approximately, particular for Cl- and Na+ in the maize root zone under Raised beds system. The role of Raised bed was positive for increase the soil content of available N up to 10.4%, but it was negative on values of available K while decreased up to 12.9% under the same conditions. On the other hand, the available N and K were increased relatively under addition of N forms, while, the rats of nitrogen addition was non-significant. The maize plant parameters such as leaves &stalks, grains nutritional status, grain yields, weight of 100 kernels and crude protein were recorded the best values with Raised beds planting as compared with the traditional practice (Furrow row). In general, NUE (Nitrogen use efficiency) values below 60% include an increased risk of nitrogen losses and should be avoided in order to protect the environment at N application rates. Also, these values were increased or closed to level of balance in–and output approximately at low N application rates (90 kg.fed-1) under Raised beds practice technology compared with the traditional system (Furrow row), and the best values for NUE were 74.7 % when the ammonium sulfate addition compared with other N forms Thus, the addition rate of N recommended (120 kg.fed-1) for maize production dose not acceptable to saline studied soil.}, keywords = {Raised beds,Soaking,Management,Maize,saline soil and N-mineral}, url = {https://jssae.journals.ekb.eg/article_56445.html}, eprint = {https://jssae.journals.ekb.eg/article_56445_29c417e1906ac410f6ece068bc10c165.pdf} } @article { author = {Ismail, Z. E.}, title = {RECIPROCATING FRICTION SURFACE UTILIZATION TO SHELL THE KERNEL FROM THE CORN EAR}, journal = {Journal of Soil Sciences and Agricultural Engineering}, volume = {2}, number = {11}, pages = {1115-1128}, year = {2011}, publisher = {Mansoura University, Faculty of Agriculture}, issn = {2090-3685}, eissn = {2090-3766}, doi = {10.21608/jssae.2011.56443}, abstract = {Based on relevant physical properties of the corn ear, the corn prototype was designed to achieve corn shelling with lowest losses (un-shelling) and highest shelling efficiency in proper time. The reciprocating shelling plate is investigated as friction surface that easy shell the kernel from the corn ear. This way able to reduce the corn ear movement in varies the direction consequentially rising the percentage of shelling efficiency. The shelling prototype has two segments: one to remove the kernel from ear; and a second to collect the kernels. The oscillating shelling plate is a separator that is manual-driven and can reciprocate at four levels of reciprocating stroke were changed during caring out the experiment that were regulated by changing the crank radius (4.5; 6.5; 8.5 and 10.5cm). Three levels of shelling teeth number 100; 125 and 150 and three phases of the hand revolution of pedal, namely15; 25 and 35 rpm were investigated. The clearance between the corn ear and shelling plate were 2.5; 3.0 and 3.5mm.The shelling plate speed (m/s) was recorded relative to the angular speed of connecting shelling plate with the end point of crank radius. All experiments were carried out under constant kernel and cob ear moisture content "MC" of 10.8% and 10.32 "wb" respectively. The study gives the indicator to judge and deduce that the best factors which give the highest shelling efficiency (98.0%) were found at shelling plate frequency of 1.18 Hz, 10.2 shelling displacement of point ‘P” and crank “ω t” of 3.8 radial and the highest productivity (79. 23 kg/h) was recorded at displacement of crank radius of 10.5 cm, 25mm corn shelling clearance and 0.94Hz    frequency factor. Whereas, the lower value of productivity (26.8 kg/h) was found at frequency factor of shelling plate of 1.23 Hz with corresponding lower crank radius and the highest clearance values of 4.5 cm and 2.5 mm respectively.}, keywords = {}, url = {https://jssae.journals.ekb.eg/article_56443.html}, eprint = {https://jssae.journals.ekb.eg/article_56443_2b654742cd3ec403aac9e35b9055c1ca.pdf} } @article { author = {El-Agrodi, M. W. and El-Ghamry, A. M. and Lashin, W. M.}, title = {MAIZE RESPONSE TO NITROGEN RATE AND SPLITTING IN SANDY CLAY LOAM SOIL}, journal = {Journal of Soil Sciences and Agricultural Engineering}, volume = {2}, number = {11}, pages = {1129-1139}, year = {2011}, publisher = {Mansoura University, Faculty of Agriculture}, issn = {2090-3685}, eissn = {2090-3766}, doi = {10.21608/jssae.2011.56447}, abstract = {Two field experiments were conducted at a private farm at El-Salhiea City; Sharkia Governorate during two summer seasons of 2006-2007 and 2007-2008 to investigate the effect of nitrogen fertilizer rates and splitting application on maize plant (Zea mays L.) grown on sandy clay loam soil. Ten treatments were arranged in a split plot design with three replicates; which were the simple possible combination between five treatments of N-fertilization, (30, 60, 90, 120 and 150 kg N fed-1). Each N rate was divided to 1- two equal doses 50 and 50% which added after 14 and 48 day after sowing (DAS) and 2- four doses 40, 20, 20 and 20% added after 14, 28, 48, 56 DAS. The maize plant growth parameter increased with increasing the nitrogen fertilizer rate and the superiority of fresh and dry weight of leaves ear and chlorophyll observed with 120 kgN fed-1. 100 grain weight, grain yield and straw yield increased with increasing the rate of N fertilizer up to 120 kg N fed-1. Treatment of 120 kg N fed-1 in four doses as 40, 20, 20 and 20% added after 14, 28, 48, and 56 DAS, recorded higher values of 100 grain weight, straw and grain yield of wheat. Significant difference in N, P and K concentration in leaves and grain of maize plant were observed due to different levels and splitting of N application. In general, N, P and K% were increased with increasing the N fertilizers levels up to 120 kg N fed-1 with split to 2 doses, and 150 kg N fed-1 with split to 4 doses. Under the same conditions of the experiment, it can be recommended to add the nitrogen fertilizer at 120 kg N fed-1 in four doses as 40, 20, 20 and 20% after 14, 28, 48, 56 DAS, which gave the best result of quantity and quality of the maize cultivated on sandy clay loam soil.}, keywords = {}, url = {https://jssae.journals.ekb.eg/article_56447.html}, eprint = {https://jssae.journals.ekb.eg/article_56447_3af72da029114965c2b0a9ed48307975.pdf} } @article { author = {Ebaid, M. T.}, title = {DIFFERENT METHODS TO EXTRACT VOLATILE OIL FROM LEAVES OF DIFFERENT MEDICAL PLANTS}, journal = {Journal of Soil Sciences and Agricultural Engineering}, volume = {2}, number = {11}, pages = {1141-1153}, year = {2011}, publisher = {Mansoura University, Faculty of Agriculture}, issn = {2090-3685}, eissn = {2090-3766}, doi = {10.21608/jssae.2011.56444}, abstract = {The object of the present study was to investigate the effect of different drying methods on percentage and components of volatile oil distilled from some aromatic plants leaves. The natural sun drying at 30°C ±1 and the artificial drying using artificial batch dryer are the two different methods used to dry the leaves. Drying methods were carried out under three different levels of air temperature (35, 40 and 45 oC), and air velocity of  (2 m/s), for different plants spearmint (Mentha viridis L.), sage (Salvia officinalis L.), and sweet basil (Ocimum basilicum,L. var. basilicum). The obtained results indicated that:- 1- In natural drying, moisture content decreased from 88.7 to 13.7 %, 85.6 to 14.1 % and 89.2 to 13.9 % at drying time of 42, 46 and 44 hours for spearmint, sage and sweet basil, respectively. 2- In artificial drying the recorded drying times at drying air temperature of 35, 40 and 45 oC were 18, 16 and 14 hours for spearmint 20, 18 and 16 hours for sage, and 20, 18 and 16 hours for sweet basil moisture content decreased from 88.7 to 13.7 %, 85.6 to 14.1 % and 89.2 to 13.9 % for spearmint, sage and sweet basil, respectively. 3- Percentage of volatile oils distilled from the leaves of the studied aromatic plants, varied and it decreased as the drying air temperature increased over 40 oC. 4- The optimum distillation time to distillate volatile oils for dry leaves from spearmint, was one hour, while it was two hours for sage and sweet basil. 5- The maximum percentage of volatile oil components were obtained from artificial drying at 40 oC and sir velocity of 2 m/s. 6- Artificial drying of the studied plants at drying air temperature of 40 oC is recommended for shorter drying time, higher percentage of volatile oil, and getting dried plants without contamination.}, keywords = {}, url = {https://jssae.journals.ekb.eg/article_56444.html}, eprint = {https://jssae.journals.ekb.eg/article_56444_fecd25da2e30a3b9ead596e97774fc4a.pdf} } @article { author = {El-Iraqi, M. E. and El Khawag, S. E. and Awais, T. R.}, title = {MODIFICATION AND EVALUATION OF HAND-HELD HARVESTERS FOR OLIVE FRUITS.}, journal = {Journal of Soil Sciences and Agricultural Engineering}, volume = {2}, number = {11}, pages = {1155-1171}, year = {2011}, publisher = {Mansoura University, Faculty of Agriculture}, issn = {2090-3685}, eissn = {2090-3766}, doi = {10.21608/jssae.2011.56442}, abstract = {The main objective of this study is to modify the real effectiveness of two imported hand-held harvester types namely; olive lancer with a vertical straight rotor head and olive comb harvester with a fruit collecting bag to increase the harvesting productivity and efficiency with high quality olive fruits; in addition to reduce the high cost and risks of manual harvesting method. Both harvester types were evaluated before and after modification compared with manual harvesting method of olive fruits in terms of labor productivity, harvesting efficiency, harvested fruit quality, energy requirements and harvesting cost. The obtained results may be summarized  as follows: Modification and use of the olive lancer type harvester for harvesting Shimlaly and Tofahy olive fruit varieties gave a remarkable increment percentage in labor productivity by about 5-7 times higher with respect to manual harvesting method. Also, it can be save the harvesting manpower requirements by about 90-130% and reduce the total harvesting cost by about 185-245% comparing with manual harvesting cost. The use of hand-held modified olive comb harvester increased the labor productivity by about 1-2.5 times, saved the harvesting manpower requirements by about 190-260% and saved the harvesting cost by about 135-195%, for harvesting Shimlaly and Tofahy olive varieties, respectively comparing with manual harvesting method. These results means that the use of hand-held olive harvesters could be reduced the amount of labors or time needed to carry out the olive harvesting operation in the best period and obtain the best harvested fruits quality. In addition to make the introduction of hand-held olive harvesters easier, feasible and more economical especially when used for other purposes to run devices such as scissors and saws to mechanize tree pruning.}, keywords = {}, url = {https://jssae.journals.ekb.eg/article_56442.html}, eprint = {https://jssae.journals.ekb.eg/article_56442_d0bf743a8dae0c57985fe0a7b16eb75a.pdf} }