eng
Mansoura University, Faculty of Agriculture
Journal of Soil Sciences and Agricultural Engineering
2090-3685
2090-3766
2017-08-01
8
8
355
362
10.21608/jssae.2017.37532
37532
Original Article
Tractor Noise Levels Impact on Operator Safety
M. Egela
1
A. Hamed
2
Agricultural Engineering Research Institute (AEnRI), ARC, P. O. Box 256, Giza, Egypt
Agricultural Engineering Research Institute (AEnRI), ARC, P. O. Box 256, Giza, Egypt
Acoustic noise is one of the most persistent pitfalls of the operators of construction, mining and agricultural machineries, predominantly hearing loss or weak hearing. Also noise include decreased productivity, increased heart rate, and increased blood pressure, startle reaction, and other cardiovascular and psychophysiological system changes (Mansoor, et al. 2011, 2012). The aim of this reaserch was to investigate the impact of noise levels emitted from the agricultural tractors under field operations on the operator safety. Three types of tractors used in this study were Nasr, Belarus and Universal/UTB (Romani). They are without cabin and represent about 76% of the total number of tractors used in Egypt (Economic affair sector, 2012). The noise emitted from them was monitored and evaluated under plowing and land leveling operations as a heavy duty operation field. The data was collected at different engine speed and gears as recommended by the operator for each operation. Measurements of noise levels were taken with the use of Cirrus CR 110A doseBadge and RC 110A reader unit. The noise level measurements were performed in accordance with the Egyptian environmental law (EEL) number 4/1994 modified issue in 2012. Results show that the sound pressure level (SPL) in operator ear and the noise dose % from all tractors under all cases were more than EEL allowable 90 dBA criterion level for 8 hour of operation. The obtained results indicated that the noise levels with “A” frequency weighting (LAeqdB) for all tractors loaded with chisel plow were the highest measured values. The noise levels emitted from the Nasr tractor were the highest and ranged from 102 to 107 dBA, for Belarus tractor were ranged from 99 to 105 dBA and for UTB tractor were ranged from 96 to 104 dBA. The daily noise exposure levels (Lex(8)dB) from Nasr, Belarus and UTB tractors were 105, 102 and 100 dBA and the corresponding noise dose % as function of equivalent-continuous sound pressure level were 800%, 560% and 400% respectively. The results showed that there was highly significant difference in the systolic blood pressure (SBP) before and after work shift. Similar results were found for the diastolic blood pressure (DBP). For the classification of blood pressure among the operators before and after work shift, majority of the operators was under stage one hypertension (64.5 %), followed by pre-hypertension (28.4 %) and stage two hypertension (7.1%). This study showed that there was association between noise exposure and blood pressure among the operators. It is recommended that; the tractors operators must use one of hear protecting tool to increase working hours, arrange work schedules to let operators exchange work activities so that no one person is exposed to the noise for more than permissible hours in one day and proved tractors with a cabin for the tractors types under this study.
https://jssae.journals.ekb.eg/article_37532_c7ba3e558567b19bedd990af8fac29c9.pdf
noise dose
safe exposure time
Egyptian environmental law
blood pressure
eng
Mansoura University, Faculty of Agriculture
Journal of Soil Sciences and Agricultural Engineering
2090-3685
2090-3766
2017-08-01
8
8
363
369
10.21608/jssae.2017.37541
37541
Original Article
Use of Vertical Electrical Monitoring Technique to Explore Groundwater
E. Elbanna
1
A. Abou EL-Magd
2
A. Tayib
3
Agricultural Engineering Dept., Fac. of Agric., Mansoura University.
Agricultural Engineering Dept., Fac. of Agric., Mansoura University.
Agricultural Engineering Dept., Fac. of Agric., Mansoura University.
For exploration groundwater in wide area of Wadi El-Natrun, the vertical electrical sounding techniques (VES) was installed and deduced for 43geoelectric profiles. Data were collected around 20 wells to determine the hydraulic parameters of soil layers from 1.5 to 18 m as maximum depth. The measuredparameters included the electrical resistance of the different layers as well as measurement of the thickness and depth of the layers, in additions the relationship between the resistance and saturation percentage, and also the relationship between hydraulic conductivity and electrical resistance.The interpretation of resistivity data, referred to the resistivity of this soil, ranged between 2Ω.m and982.5Ω.m.These VES were interpreted to determine the subsurface layers and the true resistivity's, lithology's and thicknesses variations of such layers. The result of this geoelectrical analysis is the subdivision of the shallow section into five geoelectric layers throughout the study area, except in some parts, where the surface layer disappeared; and the fifth layer is not reached. These layers varied in their resistivity's from very low to high values. However, the groundwater is generally contained in the second layer of the unconfined Nile Delta aquifer (Quaternary period), in the third and fourth layers of the confined and semi-confined Wadi El-Natrun aquifer (Pliocene period), then in the fifth layer of the Moghra aquifer (Lower Miocene period). The well log data of the resistivity, SP and gamma-ray logs were used for evaluating the rock units encountered in 20 wells. Then, the statistical analysis from the true resistivity that derived from the geoelectric analysis, and water saturation that deduced from the well log analysis, was carried out, only to the third layer. The results of these calculations showed that, the third layer as high groundwater content, then the fourth layer, but the second layer contains the least amounts. Therefore, the electrical resistivity measurements can be used for estimating the groundwater amounts in case of availability the geological information and the well log data are not available. It may be concluded from the present study : Exploration of ground water in Wadi El-Natrun using the VES sound electric instrument.Collected data of 20 wells for 5 years and VES readings data were analysed fordifferent thickness and layers from 0 up to 18 m, to obtain the relationship between the storativity, layer saturation percentage on hydraulic conductivity and transmissivity.
https://jssae.journals.ekb.eg/article_37541_99e0d5c420e0bc0b68999fa8bea8290a.pdf
DC Resistivity
resistivity Values
Physical properties of soil
unsaturated hydraulic conductivity
irrigation type
drainage canal
Wadi El-Natrun Area
Egypt
eng
Mansoura University, Faculty of Agriculture
Journal of Soil Sciences and Agricultural Engineering
2090-3685
2090-3766
2017-08-01
8
8
371
381
10.21608/jssae.2017.37537
37537
Original Article
Roles of Planting Methods, Irrigation Techniques and Weed Control Treatments in Wheat Crop Performance, Associated Weeds and Water Productivity
M. Badawi
1
M. Kenapar
2
Soil, Water & Environment Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center, Giza, Egypt
Weed Res. Central Laboratory, ARC, Giza, Egypt.
A field trial was executed at Gemmeiza during 2014/2015 and 2015/2016 winter seasons. The experiment aiming at finding the response of wheat crop and the associated weeds to planting methods vis Raised Bed Broadcasting (RBB), Flat in Rows (FR) and Flat Broadcasting (FB), irrigation techniques (irrigating as 40, 60 and 80% of available soil moisture were depleted) and weeding treatments (Pallas, Atlantis, Brominal w + Topik, Hand weeding and Un-weeded (Control) as well as their interactions. The crop-water relationships e.g. water use and water productivity were considered. The adopted treatments were assessed in split–split plot experimental design with 3 replicates, where planting methods, irrigation techniques and weed control treatments were represented in main, split and split-split plots, respectively. The main findings were as follows:1- Raised Bed Broadcasting (RBB), comparable with FR or FB ones, resulted in reduced fresh weight values of grassy, broad-leaved and total annual weeds, and on the other side, enhanced tillers No. plant-1, plant height, 1000-grain weight, straw and grain yields. In addition, lower Water consumptive use values were detected with RBB, and averaged 14.71 and 18.22% over the two seasons, respectively, lesser than those with FR and FB. Water Productivity under RBB were increased, and averaged 42.73 and 31.95% over the two seasons, respectively, comparable with FR and FB techniques. 2- Irrigating at 80% ASMD regime exhibited lower values of grassy, broad-leaved and total annual weeds fresh weight, comparing with 40 and 60% ASMD regimes. Higher tillers No. plant-1 values were recorded for 40%ASMD, whereas plant height, 1000-grain weight, straw and grain yields exhibited higher values under 60% ASMD. Cu under 80% ASMD, as two season averages, were10.38 and 5.42%, respectively, lower than those with 40 and 60% ASMD, and higher WP was attained, and averaged 22.46 and 23.60% over the two seasons, respectively, more than those with 40 and 60% ASMD techniques.3- Brominal w+ Topik application, comparable with the other tested weeding treatments, exhibited desired trends for the parameters under study, where fresh weight of grassy, broad–leaved and annual total weeds and Cu were reduced. Additionally, higher values of plant height, 1000-grain weight, grain and straw yields as well as WP were recorded with Brominal w +Topik application. The bilateral interaction of planting method (RBB) and irrigation regime (80% ASMD) resulted in the lowest fresh weight values of grassy and Broad- leaved weeds and total. Furthermore, significant higher values of plant height, 1000-grain weight in the two seasons and grain yield in 1st season were recorded. The interaction between 80 % ASMD irrigation technique and Brominal w + Topik application resulted in, on two seasons mean basis, lower values of fresh weight for grassy and broad-leaved and total weeds. In addition, except tillers No. plant-1 trait, higher values of plant height, 1000-grain weight, straw and grain yields (19.86 ardab fed-1) were obtained. The interaction between RBB and Brominal w + Topik application exhibited lower values of fresh weight for grassy, broad-leaved weeds and total. Furthermore, except tillers No. plant-1 trait, higher values of plant height, 1000-grain weight, straw and grain yields were recorded. In the present investigation, the tertiary interaction of RBB, 80% ASMD and Brominal w + Topik application exhibited desired figures of Cu and WP for wheat crop. Due to the attained results, it could be advisable to plant wheat on raised beds and irrigating as 80% of available soil moisture was depleted besides Brominal w + Topik application in order to annual associated weeds control and to obtain acceptable water use and water productivity figures.
https://jssae.journals.ekb.eg/article_37537_100f76ff4d12b9e94c1b5fd5cbe94b49.pdf
Wheat crop performance
planting methods
irrigation techniques
water consumptive use
water productivity
weed control
eng
Mansoura University, Faculty of Agriculture
Journal of Soil Sciences and Agricultural Engineering
2090-3685
2090-3766
2017-08-01
8
8
383
389
10.21608/jssae.2017.37545
37545
Original Article
Effect of Magnetic Irrigation Water and Nitrogen Fertilizer Forms on Maize (Zea maize L.) Growth, Yield and Nitrogen Utilization Rate.
R. Kanany
1
Kh. El-Naqma
2
M. Othman
3
Soils. Water and environment, Res. Ins. A. R.C.
Soils. Water and environment, Res. Ins. A. R.C.
Soils. Water and environment, Res. Ins. A. R.C.
A field experiment was conducted at the screen house of Agric. Res. Station, Sakha, Kafr El-Sheikh Governorate during the two successive summer seasons of 2015 and 2016 to investigate the effect of magnetic irrigation water and nitrogen fertilizer forms on maize growth, productivity and nitrogen utilization rate %. A split plot design was used. Zea maize seeds, third hybrid 324 were sown on June in both seasons. The recommended N fertilizer rate (120kg N.fed-1 ). was applied in three fertilizer forms of 1- Urea 46%N or 2- Ammonium nitrate 33.5% N and or 3- ammonium sulphate 20.5% N under two irrigation water treatments of (normal water , and magnetized water). The other agricultural practices were performed . The obtained results can be summarized as follow: - No significant effects of magnetic water were observed on plant height, number of leaves.plant-1 in first and second seasons but no significant on leaf area diameters in the first season only. Also no significant effects on chlorophyll A, ear diameter, ear length, biomass, available P in the soil after harvesting and nitrogen uptake in the first season. - Magnetic water significantly increased chlorophyll B, straw yield, available N in the soil after harvesting, P uptake and N uptake in the second season only .- Magnetic water (from nefertari Biomagneric company)significantly decreased grain yield of maize and N-utilization rate compared with the non-magnetic water.- Ammonium nitrate as N fertilizer form had the highest values of plant height, number of leaves.plant-1, leaf area, ear length, grain yield, N uptake, P uptake, and N utilization rate. - Urea fertilizer as N form significantly increased chlorophyll A, B, total chlorophyll and decreased N utilization rate. - Ammonium sulphate with magnetic irrigation water had higher values for ear diameter, biomass, straw yield and available N, P in the soil after maize harvest compared with the magnetic water treatments. - The interaction between magnetic irrigation water and N-forms show that magnetic water decreased N utilization rate from ammonium sulphate and increased N utilization rate from ammonium nitrate.
https://jssae.journals.ekb.eg/article_37545_6bc680fb143475836a990cca21d03447.pdf
Magnetic water
nitrogen forms
maize growth and utilization rate