eng
Mansoura University, Faculty of Agriculture
Journal of Soil Sciences and Agricultural Engineering
2090-3685
2090-3766
2014-02-01
5
2
219
236
10.21608/jssae.2014.49082
49082
Original Article
EFFECT OF MOLE DRAINS AND COMPOST APPLICATION ON SOME SOIL PROPERTIES, WATER RELATIONS AND ITS PRODUCTIVITY AT NORTH DELTA.
M.A. Aiad
1
Soils, Water and Environment Res. Inst., Agric. Res. Center, Egypt.
A field experiment was conducted at Sakha Agricultural Research station, Kafr El-Sheikh Governorate, Egypt to evaluate the effect of mole drain types, mole spacing and compost application on improving some soil physio-chemical properties, some water relations and yields of wheat and sunflower. The experiments were conducted in split-split plots with four replicates.
The most important findings can be summarized as follows:
Sandy mole and narrow mole spacing effects were superior to without sandy mole and wider mole spacing on reducing soil salinity and sodicity. The reductions of salinity were 24.70, 20.16 and 10.30%, respectively, after two seasons from experiment installation under mole distance of 2-m, 4-m and 6-m. While, the corresponding values of SARe were 13.41, 10.62 and 19.40%, respectively. The higher reduction of soil salinity and sodcity, were noticed with increasing rates of compost in both growing seasons.
The construction of mole drain is more effective in reducing soil bulk density and increasing basic infiltration rate. The reducing soil bulk density and increasing basic infiltration rate were higher under sandy mole than mole without sand. The effect of mole spacing on reducing soil bulk density and increasing basic infiltration rate can be arranged according to the following descending order 2m > 4 m > 6 m > compared to data obtained before treatments. The construction of mole with narrow distances between the ploughed lines seemed to be effective in increasing availability of N, P and K especially with high rates of compost.
Sandy mole and narrow mole spacing were superior to without sandy mole and wider mole spacing on improving water application efficiency, field and crop water use efficiencies. The highest values of field and crop water use efficiencies for wheat and sunflower were achieved from the interaction between sandy mole at 6 m spacing combined with application of 20 ton compost fed-1.
Mole types, mole spacing and compost rates have highly significant effect on yields and yield components of wheat and sunflower. Sandy mole caused increasing of grain and straw yield of wheat than without sandy mole by 74.30 and 116.1%, respectively. Also, sandy mole caused increasing of seed yield and seed oil content of sunflower than without sandy mole by 48.41 kg fed-1 and 0.26%, respectively. The effect of mole spacing on wheat and sunflower yields and its components can be arranged according to the following descending order 2m > 4 m > 6 m. Compost application caused high increases in wheat and sunflower yields and its components especially with the high rates. The construction of sandy moles at 2 m spacing combined with addition of 20 ton compost fed-1gave the highest production of wheat grain yield(3886.7 kg fed-1).
https://jssae.journals.ekb.eg/article_49082_9facb396763a35ec0dd64b5f697c5e3f.pdf
mole drain
compost
soil properties
Wheat
Sunflower
Clay soils
eng
Mansoura University, Faculty of Agriculture
Journal of Soil Sciences and Agricultural Engineering
2090-3685
2090-3766
2014-02-01
5
2
169
187
10.21608/jssae.2014.49083
49083
Original Article
DEVELOPING A CHOPPER FOR VOLUME AND BIOMASS REDUCTION OF WATER HYACINTH
A. F. A Abdrabo
1
M. I. Shoughy
2
A. B. El-Nagar
3
Agric. Eng. Res. Inst. (ARC), Giza, Egypt
Agric. Eng. Res. Inst. (ARC), Giza, Egypt
Agric. Eng. Res. Inst. (ARC), Giza, Egypt
A forage chopper machine was developed for compressing and chopping freshly collected water hyacinth in order to facilitate handling and transportation from water bodies to the utilization factories. The machine developments have been proposed as means of reducing volume and biomass or increasing density of the aquatic weeds that having large quantity of volume and moisture content. Whereas, the feeding mechanism of the chopper was modified and adapted for compressing process using three modified drums, controllable compressing loads, and a rough surface flat belt. The performance of the developed chopper was tested for volume and biomass reduction under three processing variables such as four feed rate levels (8, 12, 16, and 20kg/min), four appliedcompressing load levels (2, 3, 4, and 5kN), and four cutting knife speeds levels (3, 4.5, 6, and 7.5m/s). The developed chopper performance was evaluated firstly by determining changes in specific mass, volume, and chopping efficiency as affected by the processing variables. Secondary by determining machine productivity (ton/h), specific energy required (W.h/t) to operate the developed chopper and machinery unit cost (LE/ton). The obtained results revealed that the developed chopper reduced the specific volume and mass of fresh water hyacinth up to 74.6% and 26.3% at a feed rate of 20 and 8kg/min respectively, knife speed of 6m/s and applied compressing load of 5kN. To run the machine at the highest processing variable levels, maximum chopping efficiency of 80% and machine productivity of 0.97ton/h were achieved. The maximum power and specific energy were required to operate the chopper of 3.9kW and 12.5kW.h/t at a feed rate of 20 and 8kg/min,respectively and applied compressing load of 5kNwith lower machineunit cost of about9.5LE/ton.
https://jssae.journals.ekb.eg/article_49083_3cfc83a6c6bc2e6bc5df313a869cebf5.pdf
eng
Mansoura University, Faculty of Agriculture
Journal of Soil Sciences and Agricultural Engineering
2090-3685
2090-3766
2014-02-01
5
2
237
251
10.21608/jssae.2014.49087
49087
Original Article
WHEAT RESPONSE TO SILICON APPLICATION UNDER SALINE IRRIGATION WATER
M. A. Abd El-Aziz
1
Soil, Water and Environment Research Institute, Agric. Res. Centre, Giza, Egypt
Two lysimeter experiments were conducted at Sakha Agric. Research Station Farm during two successive winter growing seasons (2011/2012 and 2012/2013) to study the effect of irrigation by saline water on soil salinity as well as investigate the possible effects of foliar application of silicon on alleviating the adverse effects of salinity and the possible mechanisms by which silicon could increase wheat tolerance to salinity. The experimental design was split plot design with four replicates, where six salinity levels of irrigation water (0.5, 4, 6, 8, 10 and 12 dS m-1) were assigned as the main plots , while the silicon treatments (0, 1 and 2 mmol L-1) were assigned as the sub-plots. Fresh water was used till complete germination, and then saline water was used. Results showed that irrigation by saline water up to 12 dSm-1 greatly affected the soil EC, and the contents of soluble sodium and chloride. Significant decrease in wheat dry weight was observed with increasing salinity of irrigation water. Foliar application of silicon to wheat plants at tillering and booting stages alleviated the salinity hazards effect and resulted in increasing wheat grains and straw dry weight by about 22.5 and 21.4 %, respectively under irrigation with saline water (EC=12 dS m-1) and 1 mmol L-1 silicon compared to silicon absence treatment. However, 1 mmol silicon L-1 is superior to other levels in decreasing salinity hazard on plant. N, P and K contents are decreased in wheat plant with increasing salinity of irrigation water while sodium and proline contents were increased. Foliar application of silicon resulted in increasing N, P, K and proline contents, while sodium content of wheat plants was decreased at different salinity level as compared to the control. Therefore, silicon increased salinity tolerance of wheat may be through two possible mechanisms: 1) Silicon application either at low or high concentrations (1 or 2 mmol L-1) led to increase K uptake and decrease Na uptake by wheat plant which adjust the osmotic pressure and encourage nutrients uptake , hence increase plant tolerance to salinity. 2) Silicon application resulted in increasing proline content in salt stressed wheat plants, which possibly acting either as buffer against osmotic imbalance due to high vacuolar ions concentration or as a protective agent for cytoplasmic enzymes.
https://jssae.journals.ekb.eg/article_49087_cab251f4ad0f7cc4c7c84817e8678f95.pdf
Wheat
silicon application – saline water
eng
Mansoura University, Faculty of Agriculture
Journal of Soil Sciences and Agricultural Engineering
2090-3685
2090-3766
2014-02-01
5
2
253
266
10.21608/jssae.2014.49088
49088
Original Article
INFRARED DRYING OF FULL LEMON FRUITS
A.M. Matouk
1
M.M. El-Kholy
2
A. Tharwat
3
W.M. Abdelrah-man
4
Agric. Eng., Dept. Fac. of Agric. Mansoura Univ., Egypt.
Food Process Engineering and Deputy Director of Agric. Eng. Res. Institute.
Agric. Eng., Dept. Fac. of Agric. Mansoura Univ., Egypt.
Agric. Eng., Dept. Fac. of Agric. Mansoura Univ., Egypt.
A study was carried out to test and evaluate the use of infra-red radiation as heat energy source for drying full lemon fruits. A laboratory scale dryer was developed and tested at the laboratory of Agric. Eng. Dept. Fac. of Agric. Mansoura Univ. The experimental treatments included three different levels of radiation intensity (0.973-1.093-1.161 kW/m2), three different air temperatures (40, 50 and 60°C) and constant air velocity of 1 m/sec. The drying behavior was simulated using two different thin layer models (Lewis's and Henderson, and Pabis's). The studied models were compared with the obtained drying data, and the most suitable model for predicting the change in lemon moisture during drying process content was then assessed. Final quality of the dried lemons was also determined. The results show that, both studied models could describe the drying behavior of lemons satisfactorily. However, the Lewis's model considered more proper in terms of precision and application simplicity for describing the drying behavior and predicting the changes in moisture content. The quality tests of the dried lemons showed that, radiation intensity of 1.093 kW/m2 with air temperature of 50°C recorded the best dried lemon quality in terms of higher retention of ascorbic acid (Vitamin C), citric acid and total soluble sugars.
https://jssae.journals.ekb.eg/article_49088_56650c1a5843721edf335e0a10fe6b6d.pdf
eng
Mansoura University, Faculty of Agriculture
Journal of Soil Sciences and Agricultural Engineering
2090-3685
2090-3766
2014-02-01
5
2
145
156
10.21608/jssae.2014.49098
49098
Original Article
ROLE OF PROLINE AND INOCULATION IN MITIGATING SALINITY STRESS OF IRRIGATION WATER AND ENHANCED GROWTH OF WHEAT PLANT.
H. A. Abdel Aziz
1
Atomic Energy Authority, Nuclear Research Center, Soils and Water Research Department, 13759, Egypt
A pot experiment was conducted in the greenhouse of Soils and Water Research Department, Atomic Energy Authority, Egypt, in the winter season of 2011/2012. Four irrigation water differed in EC were used in the experiment: 0.25 dS m-1 (Fresh water as a control), and three saline irrigation water 2, 4 and 6 dSm-1. Basic supplement of P and K fertilizers were applied to each pot, at rate of 200 mg kg-1 soil as super phosphate and 50mg kg-1 soil as potassium sulfate, respectively. Ammonium sulfate was added at rate of 120 mg N kg-1. Proline was added at three concentrations, zero, 15 and 30 mg l-1 and sprayed in the early morning. Data showed that inoculation with Azotobacter alone led to a significant increase in dry weight of wheat plants and weight of spike compared to uninoculation, regardless of the addition of saline water. Data obtained also indicated that the increasing concentration of spraying proline acid from zero to 30 ppm in most cases lead to increase growth and dry weight of wheat crop as well as the weight of spikes. This holds true at the different levels of saline irrigation water or even added to tap water (Control). The concentration of sprayed proline (30 ppm) in most cases gave the highest value of dry matter yield of both plant and spikes. Nitrogen uptake by plants tended to decrease with increasing irrigation water salinity levels. Severe decrease was noticed with salinity level of 6 dS m-1. Gradual decrease in nitrogen uptake by plants was detected with 2 and 4 dS m-1 salinity levels as compared to control treatment. The adverse effect of salinity levels of irrigation water was slow down by proline additions. Enhancement of nitrogen uptake was induced by addition of proline at 30 ppm concentration, followed by those of 15 ppm concentration.
https://jssae.journals.ekb.eg/article_49098_bf7b8aa634bb7ffeeaa7c33995b08fa4.pdf
Azotobacter
proline
saline water
Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)
eng
Mansoura University, Faculty of Agriculture
Journal of Soil Sciences and Agricultural Engineering
2090-3685
2090-3766
2014-02-01
5
2
135
143
10.21608/jssae.2014.49101
49101
Original Article
INFLUENCE OF DIFFERENT LEVELS OF PHOSPHORUS AND POTASSIUM ON GROWTH OF Leucaena leucocephala SEEDLINGS
H. A. Abdel Aziz
1
Y. G. M. Galal
2
Atomic Energy Authority. Nuclear Research Center, Soils and Water Research Department, 13759, Egypt.
Atomic Energy Authority. Nuclear Research Center, Soils and Water Research Department, 13759, Egypt.
A pot experiment was conducted during the summer season 2011/2012 in the greenhouse of the Atomic Energy Authority, Nuclear research center, Soil and water Research Department. A complete randomized design with four replications was used in this study. A combination of four phosphorus levels (0; 50; 100; and 200 kg P2O5 fed-1 as superphosphate with four levels of potassium fertilizer levels (0; 25; 50 and 100 kg K2O fed-1 on growth, nodules and nutrients of the Leucaena leucocephala. Shoots and roots dry weights were gradually increased with increasing potassium rate up to 100 kg K2O fed.-1, where it accounts for 61.85,9.59,71.17 g pot-1 for shoot, root and whole plant, respectively, while addition of sole phosphorus induced an increase of the dry weight of roots and shoots up to the rate of 100 kg P2O5 fed-1, (111.8, 15.61, 127.41 g pot-1 for shoot, roots and whole plant, respectively), and then tended to decrease for the same sequence. Maximum shoot dry weight (197.43 g pot-1) was achieved by addition of 100 kg P2O5 fed-1 combined with 50 kg K2O fed-1.The maximum number and dry weight of nodules were detected with P-K(100-50) (3.13 g pot-1), while the minimum detected with P-K (0-0) (1.14 g pot-1). Moreover, all the nodules were distributed on secondary roots. Nitrogen uptake was enhanced by the addition of phosphorus and potassium and gradually increased by increasing rates of both of them.
https://jssae.journals.ekb.eg/article_49101_c128a211210c7003f85b4171ad30630e.pdf
Growth
Leucaena leucocephala, nodule
phosphorus
potassium
sandy soil
eng
Mansoura University, Faculty of Agriculture
Journal of Soil Sciences and Agricultural Engineering
2090-3685
2090-3766
2014-02-01
5
2
203
217
10.21608/jssae.2014.49103
49103
Original Article
DEVELOPMENT OF A MOWER FOR GRASS HARVESTING
Mervat M. Atallah
1
The Agricultural Engineering Research Institute (AEnRI), ARC Giza.
This study aims to develop, construct and field evaluate small-scale mower for grass harvesting. The mower machine is fabricated from local materials which redesign and modify the cutting drum. The results indicated, reducing friction and improved the mower performance, reduce noise, maximize cutting efficiency and minimize energy requirements. The results can be summarized as follows: Maximum effective field capacity of 587.4 m2/h was obtained with forward speed of 2.16 km/h, cutting height of 2 cm and cutting speed of 6 m/s, the maximum cutting-efficiency of 98.8 % was obtained at forward speed of 0.84 km/h, cutting height of 2 cm and cutting speed of 6 m/s, and the maximum specific energy of 11.27 kW.h/fed. was obtained at forward speed of 0.84 km/h, cutting height of 5 cm and cutting speed of 6 m/s.
https://jssae.journals.ekb.eg/article_49103_f3c880bb6de2da11f22dff71b3a971ec.pdf
eng
Mansoura University, Faculty of Agriculture
Journal of Soil Sciences and Agricultural Engineering
2090-3685
2090-3766
2014-02-01
5
2
267
278
10.21608/jssae.2014.49105
49105
Original Article
EFFECT OF SOIL AMENDMENTS AND NITROGEN FERTILIZER SOURCES ON SUGAR BEET PRODUCTIVITY GROWN UNDER SALT AFFECTED SOIL CONDITIONS
M. A. El-Shazly
1
R. A. El-Dissoky
2
M. S. Awaad
3
Soils, Water and Environment Research Institute, Agric. Res. Centre Giza, Egypt.
Soils, Water and Environment Research Institute, Agric. Res. Centre Giza, Egypt
Soils, Water and Environment Research Institute, Agric. Res. Centre Giza, Egypt.
A field experiment was carried out during the successful winter season of 2012/2013 on sugar beet (Bete vulgaris L) c.v Gloria, on newly reclaimed salt affected soil at the experimental farm of El-Hosinia Station, AgricultureResearchCenter, Shrakia Governorate, Egypt. The main objectives of the study were to examine the use of soil amendments, (ferrous sulfate 7Mg/fed, gypsum 5Mg/fed and aluminum sulfate 6.5Mg/fed) and different nitrogen sources, (Ammonium Nitrate 33.5%N, Ammonium Sulfate 20.5% N and Ureaformaldhyde 38%N) on sugar beet productivity and its quality, root content of NPK, soil fertility and some chemical soil properties after harvest. The experimental layout was spilt plot design with three replicates, soil amendments were the main plots while nitrogen sources were the sup plots. The obtained results indicate that the combined application of either the soil amendments or different nitrogen sources markedly increased most of sugar beet yield and its quality parameters i.e. root yield, sugar yield, TSS %, sucrose % and purity % significantly. Interaction between soil amendment ferrous sulfate and N source ureaformaldhyde recorded the highest values of root yield (8.883t/fed), sugar yield (1.430t/fed), TSS% (23.10%) and sucrose % (16.73%), respectively. Also, the highest value of N, P and K concentration in roots were obtained by application of ureaformaldhyde as nitrogen fertilizer combined with ferrous sulfate or aluminum sulfate or gypsum. Also, results showed that application of soil amendments in combination with nitrogen sources improved soil fertility, which reflected on the increases of available N, P and K values. Moreover, results revealed also that application of soil amendments combined with different nitrogen sources significantly reduced the values of soil EC, ESP and pH.
https://jssae.journals.ekb.eg/article_49105_b069e550b6fc41e0d333559617957e7a.pdf
Salt affected soils
Soil amendments
nitrogen sources (slow and fast release) and sugar beet
eng
Mansoura University, Faculty of Agriculture
Journal of Soil Sciences and Agricultural Engineering
2090-3685
2090-3766
2014-02-01
5
2
189
202
10.21608/jssae.2014.49107
49107
Original Article
THE USE OF PEANUT DIGGER MACHINE IN SUGAR BEET HARVESTING TO MAXIMIZE THE UTILIZATION OF THE MACHINE
A. K. Salman
1
M. A. A. Mady
2
M. A. Abdel-Hadi
3
Agric. Eng. Res. Inst. (AEnRI), Giza, and Director of the Port Said Agricultural Research Station, ARC.
Agric. Eng. Dep., Fac. of Agric., Suez Canal Univ., 41522 Ismailia, Egypt.
Agric. Eng. Dep., Fac. of Agric., Suez Canal Univ., 41522 Ismailia, Egypt.
This research aimed to study the possibility of using peanut digger machine for lifting sugar beet and investigate some operating parameters such as forward speed, digging depth and vibrating fork affecting on the performance of digger machine to maximize the utilization of the machine. The study was carried out in Port-Said Research Station, Port-Said Governorate, during April 2012. The use of a digger machine not only reduces the cost and time of the lifting operation, but also improved the soil properties as the result of deep digging, as well as increasing productivity of the next crop. The results indicated that increasing forward speed from 1.6 to 3.7 km/h led to increase the average of roots losses percentage from 2.7 to 4.1 and from 2.7 to 4.0% with vibrating and non-vibrating fork, respectively at digging depth ranged from 15 to 25 cm. Increasing digging depth from 15 to 25 cm tends to decrease the average of roots losses percentage from 3.8 to 2.7% and from 3.8 to 2.9% for vibrating and non-vibrating fork, respectively at forward speed ranged of 1.6 to 3.7 km/h. The least roots losses percentage 2.0 and 2.1% were obtained at forward speed of 1.6 km/h and digging depth of 25 cm with vibrating and non-vibrating fork, respectively. The height roots cleaning percentage 97.45 and 91.3% were obtained at forward speed of 3.7 km/h and digging depth of 15 cm for vibrating and non-vibrating fork, respectively.
https://jssae.journals.ekb.eg/article_49107_8589b46b18508ab16c6ffa0776bd23c9.pdf
eng
Mansoura University, Faculty of Agriculture
Journal of Soil Sciences and Agricultural Engineering
2090-3685
2090-3766
2014-02-01
5
2
279
294
10.21608/jssae.2014.49111
49111
Original Article
MANUFACTURING AMINO ACIDS BIO FERTILIZERS FROM AGRICULTURAL WASTES. II- EFFECT OF SYNTHETIC ORGANIC FERTILIZERS ON THE GROWTH AND YIELD OF SOME FORAGE CROPS AS WELL AS SOME SOIL PROPERTIES
M.A. Mostafa
1
Manal Mubarak
2
N.S. Khalil
3
Ghada H. Mohamad
4
Soils Dept., Fac. of Agric., Ain Shams Univ.
Soils Dept., Fac. of Agric., Ain Shams Univ.
Regional Center for Food and Feed, Agric. Res. Center.
Regional Center for Food and Feed, Agric. Res. Center.
A field experiment was conducted at Ismailia Research Station, Agricultural Research Center, Ismailia Governorate, Egypt, during the summer season of 2011 to evaluate the efficacy of organic synthesized fertilizers obtained from tomato and sugar beet thrones on yield and quality of pearl millet (Pennisetumamericanum ) and sorghum (Sorghum vulgare ) forage crops as well as their effects on some soil properties. The micronutrients like iron, zinc, copper, manganese and boron were chelated with organic synthesized fertilizers. Obtained results showed that amino acids synthesized fertilizers (details about these amino acids are found in first part)chelate micronutrients improved the growth and yield of either pearl millet or sorghum and their uptake of macro and micro nutrients when their applied either separately or integrated with NPK fertilization as foliar or soil + foliar application to foliage crops grown in poor sandy loam soil at Ismailiah area. Concerning the effect of synthesized fertilizers on soil properties, the results indicated that organic matter and CEC of soil tended to increase slightly with the use of synthesized fertilizers as compared with unfertilized check, also they improved the soil content of macro and micro elements. The efficiency of organic synthesized fertilizers were improved when their applied in combination with 1/2 unit or one unit of NPK recommended rates. Depending on results of this study, it can be recommended to use these organic synthesized fertilizers which obtained from tomatoes and sugar beet thrones commercially as cheap source of amino acids chelate micronutrients to solve the problem of micro elements in new lands and recycling these wastes and improve soil nutrient conditions.
https://jssae.journals.ekb.eg/article_49111_c46866e70dd059506a4d5d94c7e35ec2.pdf
foliar application
Pearl millet
Sorghum
Growth
yield
Amino acids
eng
Mansoura University, Faculty of Agriculture
Journal of Soil Sciences and Agricultural Engineering
2090-3685
2090-3766
2014-02-01
5
2
157
167
10.21608/jssae.2014.49112
49112
Original Article
RESTRICTIONS OF BORDERING IDKO LAKE LOW SOIL PRODUCTIVITY, NORTH NILE DELTA.
I. A. Hegab
1
Soils, water & Environmental Res Inst., Giza, Egypt.
Most of agricultural lands in the Northern parts of Egypt are relatively low productive soil; particularly the soils adjacent to the NorthernLakes. This study aims to define soil limitations for sustainable productivity in some of these soils as well as to assess the suitability of natural resources in EL- Behaira Governorate for agricultural purposes.
Ten representative soil profiles were selected, morphologically described and analyzed. Also, their soil texture and soil salinity & alkalinity were assessed for the suitability of the studied area. Results indicated that the studied soil profiles were classified as Sodic Haplotorrerts, Typic Torripsamments, Sodic Endoaquerts, and Typic Fluvoaquerts.
The studied soils are categorized into three suitability classes (i.e., moderate S2, marginally S3 and not suitable N1) and five subclasses i.e S3 (Wbn), N1 (Wbn), S3 (Wabn), S3 (Wn) and S2 (Wbn). Results indicated that the main soil limitations are wetness (W), Soil depth (b), texture (a) and Salinity & alkalinity (n) with different intensity degrees. Land improvement should be executed to achieve the potential suitability, i.e. highly, moderately and marginally suitable classes.
https://jssae.journals.ekb.eg/article_49112_d2116080a63a5d3a0815b6fff957f540.pdf
Low soil productivity
Morphological data
soil suitability