eng
Mansoura University, Faculty of Agriculture
Journal of Soil Sciences and Agricultural Engineering
2090-3685
2090-3766
2013-12-01
4
12
1347
1361
10.21608/jssae.2013.52917
52917
Original Article
A MODERN APPROACH FOR FERTIGATION UNDER GATED PIPES TECHNIQUE AND ITS IMPACT ON MAIZE PRODUCTIVITY AT NORTH NILE DELTA
A. A. Taha
1
M. M. Ragab
2
A. A. Mosa
3
M. M. Shabana
4
Soils Dept., Fac. Agric. Mansoura University
Soils, Water and Environment Res. Inst., Agric. Res. Center Egypt.
Soils Dept., Fac. Agric. Mansoura University
Soils, Water and Environment Res. Inst., Agric. Res. Center Egypt.
For improving nitrogen utilization efficiency by maize crop under gated pipes irrigation technique, a field experiment was conducted at El-Hamoul district, Kafr Elshiekh governorate during the summer season of 2011. The experiment included traditional furrow irrigation, gated pipes and alternative furrows irrigation by gated pipes technique, Two forms of mineral nitrogen fertilizers Urea (CO (NH2)2) and ammonium nitrate (NH4NO3) were applied at the recommended dose (135 Kg N Fed-1) either as soil dressing or through irrigation as compared with the control treatment (without nitrogen application),
The main obtained results could be summarized as follows:
Using gated pipes technique for irrigating maize crop resulted in less amount of water applied compared to traditional furrow irrigation method. On the other hand, gated pipes technique saved irrigation water by 19.74 and 30.77 % for gated pipe and alternative gated pipes techniques, respectively as compared with traditional furrowirrigation. This improved irrigation techniques led to decrease actual water consumptive use, improved water application efficiency and increased the contribution of ground water table in the crop water need.
There was no effect on maize yield due to different irrigation techniques. However, gated pipes and alternative gated pipes recorded the highest values of grain yield (3.3 and 2.6 %) and stalk yield (47.6 and 15.1%) over the traditional furrow irrigation, respectively. Whereas, maize grain yield increased by about 62.1 , 59.7, 58.8 and 45.8 over control treatment due to application of ammonium nitrate applied by dressing method, urea applied withirrigation water, urea applied by dressing method and ammonium nitrate applied withirrigation water, respectively. Maize grain yield took the same trend of stalk yield. It can be observed that gated pipes technique for all furrows under ammonium nitrate applied by dressing method achieved the highest grain and stalk yields followed by treatment alternate furrows which irrigated by gated pipes under urea applied withirrigation water.
The highest mean values of crop and field water use efficiencies were achieved under gated pipes alternative furrow techniques and Urea applied withirrigation water.
Nitrogen use efficiency and N recovery % were increased with gated pipes irrigation techniques under ammonium nitrate applied by dressing method and urea applied withirrigation water
Net income from water unit and economical efficiency increased with gated pipes techniques (for all furrow and alternative furrow) comparing with traditional furrow irrigation treatment.
https://jssae.journals.ekb.eg/article_52917_b70ddfc94814ea19f6f45415f7b76715.pdf
Furrow irrigation
Gated pipes irrigation technique
Nitrogenfertilization
fertigation
maize crop
eng
Mansoura University, Faculty of Agriculture
Journal of Soil Sciences and Agricultural Engineering
2090-3685
2090-3766
2013-12-01
4
12
1363
1377
10.21608/jssae.2013.52924
52924
Original Article
EFFECT OF DIFFERENT DRAIN DEPTHS ON SOIL HYDROLOGY AND CROP PRODUCTION OF RICE AND WHEAT CROPS
Mona K. M. Abdel-Razek
1
Soils, Water and Environment Res. Inst., A.R.C, Giza ,Egypt
The present work was carried out during summer and winter seasons on rice and wheat crops cultivated in an open field at Zankalon area, Sharkia Governorate, Egypt, to study the effect of drain depth on soil hydrology, salinity and crop production of rice and wheat crops. Three drainage treatments were used i.e. conventional drainage depth (drain depth 1.20 m, T120), controlled drainage depth (drain depth 0.60 m, T60) and without drainage depth ( drain depth 0.0 m , T0 where the drain outlet was completely blocked) to achieve this target.
The obtained results reveal that, the total amounts of irrigation water applied to different treatments during the growing season were arranged in a descending order: conventional drainage depth (T120) > controlled drainage depth (T60) > without drainage depth (T0) for both rice and wheat crops. Using T60 and T0 treatments for rice crop saved 32.7 and 49.7 % of the applied water as compared with the T120 treatment, respectively. The irrigation intervals were 2.0, 3.0 and 5.0 days for T120, T60 and T0 treatments, respectively. This means that, using T60 reduced the number of irrigations by 40 % which reduces the irrigation cost. On the other hand, there is a little difference between the total amounts of irrigation water applied to the different treatments cultivated with wheat crop.
The total amounts of drainage water drained from the soil cultivated with rice crop at T120, T60 and T0 treatments were 2069.6, 1065.0 and 0.0 m3/fed, respectively, but at wheat crop they were 305.9, 292.1 and 0.0 m3/fed., respectively.
Concerning the fluctuation of water table for wheat crop, the results emphasized that at T120 treatment, 80% of the measured water table levels were fluctuated within the depths of 50-75 cm, to >100 cm below soil surface. While, it never reached the depth of 0-20 cm below soil surface. Under T60 and T0 treatments about 90% of the measurements were fluctuated within the depths of 0-50 cm below soil surface during rice cultivation. On the other hand, 63% of the measured water table during the wheat growing season fluctuated at the depth less than 100 cm at T0 treatment. While, 85 % and 66 % from measured water table levels during the growing season were fluctuated at depth more than 1.0 m for T120 and T60 treatments, respectively.
The values of relative ground water depths (RGWD) at rice were 1.3, 0.3 and 0.4 for T120, T60 and T0 treatments, respectively. Whereas, under wheat crop, they were 2.0, 1.8 and 1.4 for the same above mentioned treatments, respectively. It is clear that (RGWD) values were more than one at all wheat treatments, and also in case of T120 treatment cultivated with rice. This may be attributed to the fact that the fluctuating water table rises to the soil surface after irrigation but soon it falls down to the drain depth.
The highest grain yield of both rice and wheat were obtained from plant grown under the T120 treatment. This means the effect of drain depth on grain yield was positive. Crop water productivity (CWP) values for rice grain were 0.75, 1.34 and 1.68 kg/m3 for conventional, T60 and T0 treatments, respectively. Whereas, the (CWP) values for the wheat grain, were 1.01, 0.9 and 0.90 kg/m3 for the above mentioned treatments respectively.
Using the T120 treatment, the obtained results proved that more salts were leached from the soil to drainage water followed by T60 for both crops under the study. On the other hand, more salts were accumulated in soil layers during the growing season in both crops in the soil of T0 treatment.
https://jssae.journals.ekb.eg/article_52924_dee389e9f195075af7121feebf4b24a4.pdf
conventional drainage
controlled drainage
without drainage
relative ground water and grain yield
drain depth
rice
Wheat
eng
Mansoura University, Faculty of Agriculture
Journal of Soil Sciences and Agricultural Engineering
2090-3685
2090-3766
2013-12-01
4
12
1379
1388
10.21608/jssae.2013.52937
52937
Original Article
BENEFITS OF AGRICULTURAL WASTE FORM RICE PLANT 1: THE USE OF RICE WASTE TO PRODUCE ECO-FRIENDLY MATERIALS FOR DISPOSAL OF SOME ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTANTS
Gehan H. Abd El Aziz
1
Shreen S. Ahmed
2
Soils, Water and Environment Research Institute, ARC, Giza, Egypt
Soils, Water and Environment Research Institute, ARC, Giza, Egypt
Available rice husk was used to provide a good alternative source of highly active silica for the synthesis environmentally-friendly mineral zeolites. In this study, recycling waste material (rice husk) to produce a valuable product and a high quality of silicon oxide was obtained. The obtained product characterized by X-ray powder diffraction. Furthermore, it could be successfully used as a filter for reduction of organic and inorganic pollutants from aquatic media. Data showed that zeolite product from rice husk ash has high ability to adsorption of organic pollutants (benzene and phenol) and inorganic pollutants (Cd and Pb) from aquatic media. It was found that adsorption percentage of Cd and Pb using 1.0 g synthetic zeolite being in the following accending order: Pb2 (55.0%) < Cd2 (63.8%) < Pb1 (69.9%) < Cd1 (75.0%). However, the adsorption of organic pollutant using 1.0 g synthetic zeolite was in the following accending order: phenol2 (54.0%) < benzen2 (62.0%) < phenol1 (87.8%) < benzen1 (89.9%). Zeolite mineral product from rice husk ash represents a valid alternative to conventional approaches to pollutant compounds remediation, thanks to the good efficiency and to the low cost of the materials tested. Also, it is helping to reform and usefulness of rice waste.
https://jssae.journals.ekb.eg/article_52937_eb7fcb844e8eb6582380fc59f4a3b9f0.pdf
rice husk
Zeolite
Seeding method
Ageing method
Highly active silica , water purification, waste utilization
eng
Mansoura University, Faculty of Agriculture
Journal of Soil Sciences and Agricultural Engineering
2090-3685
2090-3766
2013-12-01
4
12
1393
1409
10.21608/jssae.2013.52921
52921
Original Article
LAND EVALUATION AND SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT OF SOME AREAS OF DAKHLA OASIS, EGYPT
S. Sawy
1
A. A. Abd El-Hady
2
I. A. H. Yousif
3
Soil and Water Dept. Fac. of Agric. Cairo. Univ
Soil and Water Dept. Fac. of Agric. Cairo. Univ
Soil and Water Dept. Fac. of Agric. Cairo. Univ
Dakhla Oasis represents one of the high priority regions for future development in Egypt. It is one of the major depressions in the western desert of Egypt. Dakhla oasis is located in the South Western Desert of Egypt between longitudes 28°15' - 29° 40' E and latitudes 25° 00' - 26° 00' N. Study area covers about120000 feddan and it is one of the main challenging regions for sustainable development. Thesoils were classified as Typic Haplargids, Typic Torriorthents, Typic Torripasamments, Typic Haplotorrerts and Vertic Torriorthents.Land capability assessment was done to define the suitable areas for agricultural production using Storie Index. Results indicate that more than 28080 feddan are good capable (grade 2) and about 91000 feddan are fair capable (grade 3) for agriculture production. Land Use Suitability Evaluation Tool (LUSET) was used to compare the soil characteristics and quality needed for 16 different types of crops. The results from the land suitability analysis indicated that, more than 84000 feddan are moderately suitable for wheat and sorghum; whereas 88560 feddan are highly suitable for barley; 93600 feddan are moderately suitable for alfaalfa, olive and groundnut; 59280 feddan are highly suitable for cotton; 71000 feddan are moderately suitable for mango and 51600 feddan are moderately suitable for potato. In the current study, we have used remote sensing and soil data in combination with GIS tools, for sustainable land use (SLU) analysis in El-Dakhla area. The SLU was established based on various factors such as: land capability and suitability, crop water requirement, economic return from water and financial return from land and water. The SLU was build based on two alternatives; (a) the most SLU in terms of irrigation water requirements are Barely and sorghum or groundnut against olive (as the irrigation requirements for these crops are low). (b) the most sustainable land use in terms of economic net return are wheat and potato or cotton against mango or alfaalfa (as the net return for this crops is high).
https://jssae.journals.ekb.eg/article_52921_62b886084df868345db2f811981b8e0e.pdf
Land evaluation • land sustainability • GIS • Remote Sensing • LUSET • Storie Index • Dakhla Oasis • Egypt
eng
Mansoura University, Faculty of Agriculture
Journal of Soil Sciences and Agricultural Engineering
2090-3685
2090-3766
2013-12-01
4
12
1411
1419
10.21608/jssae.2013.52923
52923
Original Article
INTEGRATED EFFECT OF UREA AND UREASE INHIBITOR ON WHEAT PRODUCTIVITY.
K.F. Fouda
1
Soil Sci. Dept., Fac. of Agric., Mansoura Univ., Egypt.
A field experiment was conducted on a special farm near kafr El-sheikh, kafr El-sheikh governorate, during the winter season 2012 / 2013 to investigate the effect of urea fertilizer levels in the presence or absence of urease inhibitor thiophosphoric triamide (NBPT) on wheat plant. Six treatments were arranged in a split-block design, which were the simple possible combination between three levels of urea fertilizer i.e.50, 75 and 100kg N/fed for wheat plant as main plots and two treatments of (NBTP) (0 and 4% from the N-level), each treatment was replicated three times. Results indicated that; the average values of growth parameters, yield and its components and chemical composition of wheat plant were significantly increased as the level of N-fertilization was increased either in the presence or absence of urease inhibitor, but the rate of increases for the plants treated with (NBTP) were more than that obtained from the untreated plants. On the contrary of this trend, adding of N-levels in single form significantly increase the average values of nitrate and nitrite contents in wheat plant as the level of N-fertilization was increased while, such effect was sharply and significantly decreased due to an adding of (NBTP) in combination with the same levels of N-fertilization. The most suitable treatment which realized the highest yield of grain of wheat plant was connected with the plants treated with 100 kg N/fed combined with urease inhibitor.
https://jssae.journals.ekb.eg/article_52923_84ea94debf02b04ae320267cdf99f20c.pdf
eng
Mansoura University, Faculty of Agriculture
Journal of Soil Sciences and Agricultural Engineering
2090-3685
2090-3766
2013-12-01
4
12
1421
1433
10.21608/jssae.2013.52914
52914
Original Article
DEVELOPMENT OF A TOPPING MACHINE TO SUIT MECHANICAL HARVESTING OF SUGAR BEET
A. K. Salman
1
Agric. Eng. Res. Inst. (AEnRI), Giza, and Port Said Agricultural Research Station, ARC.
In this research work an attempt has been analysed the mechanical performance of a developed machine which can be used to remove the sugar beet leaves in the reclaimed lands before mechanical harvesting operation. The study was carried out in Port-Said Research Station, Port-Said Governorate, during April 2013. Three different speeds of PTO 540, 725 and 1000 rpm, three various forward speeds 0.48, 1.0 and 1.68 m/sec. and three different levels of cutting 3, 6 and 10 cm were conducted to evaluate the machine and assess its mechanical efficiency. Development of this machine aims to avoid spoiling roots during mechanical harvesting. Primary study was carried out to estimate the lost part during traditional topping operation, which shows that the percentage of loss in the weight reached on average 6.2%. The obtained data indicated that PTO speed of 1000 rpm, forward speed of 0.48 m/s and cutting level of 10 cm is the best treatments, which increased the topping efficiency up to 88%.
https://jssae.journals.ekb.eg/article_52914_0564fbc38abce3c65036a2ce4256699f.pdf
eng
Mansoura University, Faculty of Agriculture
Journal of Soil Sciences and Agricultural Engineering
2090-3685
2090-3766
2013-12-01
4
12
1435
1454
10.21608/jssae.2013.52936
52936
Original Article
ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT TO UTILIZING SOME FOOD INDUSTRIES WASTE AS A LIQUID ORGANIC FERTILIZER AND THEIR EFFECTS ON PLANTS UNDER SALINE CALCAREOUS SOIL
Gehan H. Abd EL Aziz
1
Sh. A. El-Medany
2
Soils, Water and Environment Research Institute, ARC, Giza, Egypt
Regional Center For food and feed;Agriculture Research Center ;Giza; Egypt.
The objective of this work is toassess the suitability of utilizing food industries waste (molasses and orange waste) to produce natural liquid organic fertilizer and evaluation their effects on plant and soil.A preliminary experiment was conducted at the greenhouse of Agricultureal Research Centre (ARC) at Giza Governorate, Egypt to test the effect of molasses or orange waste extract on the growth of maize ( zea maize) during the summer seasons of 2011 followed with barley (Hordeum vulgare) during the winter seasons of 2011/2012. The field experiment was carried out to verifying the effect of molasses or orange waste extract on maize plants. Maize grains were planted in the experimental farm of Nubareia Research Station (El-Behira Governorate), Egypt. Grains of maize were sown in summer growing season of 2012. The obtained results showed that applying both aqueous extracts to soil increases the amount of soil organic matter and decreases the ECe of the soil. Avery slightly differences were observed in pH and CaCO3% of soil. There is positive effect of both P1 and P2 (molasses or orange waste) on the growth of field crops. The application of these extracts significantly, increased grain and straw yield as well as improved nutritional values of grain, i-e., total carbohydrates, crude protein, oil, total amino acids, organic acids, and hormones. The efficiencies of either extracts as a fertilizer or as amendments compared to control treatment are very different. There was excellent potential to obtain a natural fertilizer and an amendment using molasses. On the other hand, the best results of orange waste extract were obtained as an amendment rather than a fertilizer.
https://jssae.journals.ekb.eg/article_52936_acfe21ba88c0771570b5e855f3e36c05.pdf
Industries wastes
plant extract
liquid organic fertilizer
soil amendment. Calcareous soil