ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Ameliorating Effect of Biochar on some Physical Properties of Sandy Soil and Water use Efficiency of Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) Plant Grown under Drip Irrigation
Field experiments were conducted in two successive seasons (2018 and 2019) to investigate the effect of biochar application rates on weight basis (0.0 % (BC0), 0.2 % (BC1), 0.4 % (BC2) and 0.6 % (BC3)) on soil some physical properties, yield productivity and water use efficiency of tomato grown in sandy soil under drip irrigation. The results indicated that the soil physical properties, yield component and water use efficiency of tomato were significantly and positively affected (P ˂ 0.05) by biochar application treatments. Marked lowering in bulk density, saturated hydraulic conductivity, infiltration rate and cumulative infiltration depth of the sandy soil in both the two growing seasons as results of increasing application rate of biochar. In addition , increasing rate of biochar application resulted in significant increase of total porosity, mean weight diameter (MWD) , soil moisture constants (i.e., saturation percentage (SP), field capacity (F.C.), and wilting point (W.P.)), and soil water retention of sandy soil in both the two growing seasons. The measured available water content (AWC, %) showed a significant increase with increasing rate of biochar application which can be arranged in the order: BC3˃BC2˃BC1˃BC0. The results showed that the highest yield of tomato (32.4 and 31.9 ton.fed-1) was obtained due to BC2 treatment in both seasons. The maximum values of WUE (10.7 and 10.5 kg / m3) were associated with BC2 treatment (0.4 wt. % biochar) in both seasons. Consequently, under sandy soil conditions, application of biochar might be a promising amendment for ameliorating soil physical properties and subsequently enhancing tomato plant productivity. Tomato, Sandy soil, Biochar, Soil Physical Properties, Water use efficiency
https://jssae.journals.ekb.eg/article_108902_9da8795b13e811c94309dd43fed9f89b.pdf
2020-07-01
231
240
10.21608/jssae.2020.108902
Tomato
sandy soil
Biochar
Soil physical properties
water use efficiency
A. E.
El Namas
elnamasashraf@gmail.com
1
Department of Soil and Water Science, Faculty of Agric., Alexandria University
LEAD_AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Using Raised Bed and Irrigation cut-off for Saving Irrigation Water and Increasing Wheat Productivity in North Nile Delta
In Egypt, surface irrigation and irrigation till the tail end of the furrows or borders are commonly used with wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and other crops, but they lead to poor aeration and ineffective use of water and fertilizers. Therefore, raised beds planting method and cut-off irrigation improve wheat productivity and raise water and fertilizer use efficiencies. A field experiment was carried out in two winter growing seasons (2017/18 and 2018/19) at Sakha Agricultural Research Station Farm, Kafr EL-sheikh Governorate. The objective was to evaluate the impact of raised bed and irrigation cut-off on growth and yield of wheat (Misr-1 variety), some water relations and the contribution of ground water table on water consumption. A split plot design was used with three replicates. The main plots were occupied by raised bed treatments: farmer's conventional flat planting method (F1), furrow 60 cm width (F2) and furrow 120 cm width (F3). The sub plots were devoted to irrigation cut-off treatments: cut-off at 100% of strip length, C100% (control), cut-off at 90% of strip length (C90%) and cut-off at 80% of strip length (C80%). The results revealed that C90% combined with F3 achieved the lowest values of seasonal applied water and water consumptive use and the highest values of water productivity (9.69 L.E m-3), water application efficiency (Ea) and grain and straw yields. On the other hand, C80% recorded the highest contribution value of ground water table (CGWT) of water consumption (21.4%), leading to increase of water saving. (with 34.05% increase)
https://jssae.journals.ekb.eg/article_108905_28e8414245a0632d8f5f426ce9652b50.pdf
2020-07-01
241
246
10.21608/jssae.2020.108905
surface irrigation
irrigation cut-off
Raised beds
water relations
water productivity
Grain yield
wheat and ground water table contribution
Mona
Eid
drsobhyeid92@gmail.com
1
Soils, Water & Environment Res. Institute (SWERI), Agric. Res. Centre (ARC), Giza, Egypt
LEAD_AUTHOR
H. M.
Abo Elsoud
2
Soils, Water & Environment Res. Institute (SWERI), Agric. Res. Centre (ARC), Giza, Egypt
AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Drying Kinetics of White Button Mushroom (Agaricus bisporus) Using Different Equipment of Drying Considering of Power Density
Drying process compared to others remains a promising method of food preserving technology. So, this work aimed to investigate drying kinetics of button mushroom (Agaricus bisporus) treated by microwave, convective dryer and electric oven within consideration of different power density levels of 3.5, 5 and 7.5 W.g-1. Furthermore, five mathematical drying models were statistically analysed to simulate drying kinetics fitted to the obtained experimental moisture ratio results. The obtained results indicated that, increasing of power densities led to rapidly drying consuming low time. The shortest drying time of mushrooms having initial moisture content (d.b.) of 809% was provided with microwave treatment, whereas drying time decreased (at the above mentioned power density levels, respectively) by 77.7, 85.7 and 84%, comparing to convective dryer, whilst 91.6, 94.4 and 94%, comparing to oven. Page, Modified Page (I) and Modified Page (II) models appeared most expressed best description of the experimental drying results.
https://jssae.journals.ekb.eg/article_109424_5c6461f86a7d523e46312475b596e7bd.pdf
2020-07-01
247
253
10.21608/jssae.2020.109424
Drying kinetics
button mushroom
microwave
convective dryer
power density
W. E.
Abd Allah
dr.wesam15@yahoo.com
1
Agricultural Engineering Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University
LEAD_AUTHOR
Taghreed
Ahmed
2
Agricultural Engineering Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University
AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Effect of Applying Potassium Phosphite with Potassium Fulvate on Plant Growth
A pot experiment was conducted to study the response of squash (cucurbita pepo L.) to potassium phosphite and potassium fulvate as single treatments or in a combination with each other. The treatments included: potassium phosphite as a single treatment at four concentrations (C1: 0, C2: 0.1, C3: 0.2 and C4: 0.4 ml plant-1), potassium fulvate as a single treatment at four concentrations (C1: 0, C2: 6, C3: 9 and C4: 12 kg fed-1), and the combined treatment of potassium phosphite with potassium fulvate at four concentrations (C1:0, C2: 0.05+3, C3: 0.1+4.5 and C4: 0.2 ml plant-1+6 kg fed-1, respectively using soil and foliar applications. The results indicated that the combined treatment of potassium phosphite with potassium fulvate was more effective in increasing of all investigated parameters. At the flowering stage, the highest values of fresh weight (214.96g), dry weight (13.31g), plant length (70.83cm), total leaf area (2547.12cm2) and the nutrients concentrations of (N, P and K%) (5.17,0.72 and 6.50%) were achieved with the combined treatment at C3 using soil application. At the harvesting stage, the highest values of fresh, dry weigh, total leaf area and (N, P and K) were 346.87g, 29.00g, 4720.56cm2 and (3.95, 0.62 and 4.43%), respectively, using the combined treatment at C2 as soil application, while the value of plant length was (88.67cm) with the combined treatment at C3 using soil application. The highest values of total yield, dry weight and the characteristics of squash fruit (length, diameter and weight) were 475.67g,19.13g and (16.30cm, 3.63cm and 115.95g), respectively using the combined treatment as foliar application at C3, the combined treatment at C2 as soil application gave the highest values of N,P and K in fruits, these values were 4.12,0.71 and 5.99%. Also, the highest values of available N, P and K mg kg-1 and OM content gkg-1 were 70.70, 12.83 and 423.73 mg kg-1 and 13.5 gkg-1, respectively with the combined treatment at C4 using soil application.
https://jssae.journals.ekb.eg/article_109423_805a95822a8fa417c6610e15e7d1d829.pdf
2020-07-01
255
263
10.21608/jssae.2020.109423
Potassium phosphite
Potassium fulvate
Squash plant
M. M.
Omar
1
Soils Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Mansoura University, Egypt
AUTHOR
A. A.
Taha
2
Soils Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Mansoura University, Egypt
AUTHOR
Soad
Shokir
soadsoad2214m@gmail.com
3
Soils Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Mansoura University, Egypt
LEAD_AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Impact of Bio, Organic and Inorganic Fertilization on Growth and Chemical Constituents of Wheat Plant
Two field experiments were held in a private farm at El-Mansoura District, Dakahlia Governorate, Egypt during the 2015/2016 and 2016/2017 seasons to study the effect of bio-, organic and mineral fertilizers on the growth and chemical composition of wheat plant, Sids 12 cultivar. The experiments were carried out in a split plot design with four replicates. The main plots were assigned to organic and bio-fertilizers (control= B0O0, organic only= B0O1, Bio only= B1O0, bio+organic= B1O1). While the sub plots were allocated to five levels of mineral fertilization (0-25-50-75-100% of the recommended fertilizers of NPK doses for wheat plant). The results showed that grain yield productivity as a result of adding the organic + biological treatment (B1O1) + without adding mineral fertilizers, was almost identical to that treated with 50% of mineral fertilization without biological and organic fertilization in both seasons. While straw yield obtained due to adding biological +organic treatment (B1O1) + without adding mineral fertilizers, was almost matched with 75% of mineral fertilization without biological and organic fertilization (B0O0) in both seasons. Also, the distinction of treating organic fertilizer only appeared in comparison to the biological only, while the effect of overlap between them was the largest under all levels of mineral fertilization concerning for all characteristics of the study. From the results of this study, mineral fertilization at the level of 100% with the addition of biological and organic fertilizers can be recommended to wheat plant under the conditions of Dakahlia Governorate, Egypt.
https://jssae.journals.ekb.eg/article_109433_5147e6bf205b4774bdb38b4d773667ea.pdf
2020-07-01
265
273
10.21608/jssae.2020.109433
Wheat
bio-fertilization
organic fertilization
Mineral fertilizers
grain
Straw
chemical constituents
M. W. M.
El-Agrodi
1
Soils Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Mansoura University, Egypt.
AUTHOR
T. M.
EL-Zehery
trk_rgb@yahoo.com
2
Soil Sci. Dept., Fac. of Agric., Mansoura Univ., Egypt.
LEAD_AUTHOR
M. M.
El-Shazly
3
Soils, Water and Environment Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center, Giza, Egypt.
AUTHOR
Hasnaa
Issa
4
Ministry of Agriculture and Land Reclamation - General Authority for the Agricultural Budget Fund - Giza - Egypt
AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Evaluating the Spatial Distribution of some Soil Geotechnical Properties Using Various Interpolation Methods (Case Study: Sulaimani Province, Iraq)
Soilgeotechnical parameters are important inputs for the prediction of ground suitability for construction projects. The aim of the study is the evaluation of spatial distribution of some soil geotechnical characteristics for Sulaimani governorate, northern Iraq which has a semi-arid climate. Sixty different soil specimens were taken from a distance of 2.0 meters from natural ground surface, around the Sulaimani city which are suitable for resettlement purposes. Several required laboratory experiments were performed to obtain some engineering properties of the collected soils according to ASTM standards, namely field water content, field wet density, initial void ratio (IVR), and degree of saturation (DS). Three different interpolation methods namely Inverse Distance Weighted (IDW), and Thin Plate Spline (TPS), which are deterministic interpolation methods in addition to and one geostatistical method, Ordinary Kriging (OK), were applied. Cross validation and accuracy assessment of model performance are also applied and analyzed. In general, the geostatistical method performance was compared with the deterministic methods. Ok method found to be more accurate and less biased method than the other two methods, which has lower RMSE (1.38%, 11.33%, 0.07 and 0.82 gm cm-3) and ME (-0.63%, 0.94%, -0.16 and 0.3 gm cm-3) for water content, DS, IVR and wet density respectively. According to the interpolation maps 65 to 70 % of study area is likely suitable for construction purposes compare to the other 30 to 35 %, which need some precautions for the suitability issue for construction projects. The results yielded in the reliability of the obtained soil geotechnical properties from geospatial maps, which may importantly engage to suitable engineering management application and modeling of land use.
https://jssae.journals.ekb.eg/article_109461_e7b82a74a35d5424f644b72027295a8a.pdf
2020-07-01
275
281
10.21608/jssae.2020.109461
Soil Geotechnical properties
interpolation
IDW
TPS
Ordinary Kriging
Peshawa
Najmaddin
1
Natural Resources Department, College of Agricultural Engineering Sciences, University of Sulaimani, Sulaimani City, Kurdistan Region, Iraq; peshawa.najmaddin@univsul.edu.iq (P.M.N.)
LEAD_AUTHOR
Nihad
Salih
2
Water Resources Engineering Department, College of Engineering, University of Sulaimani, Sulaimani City, Kurdistan Region, Iraq; nihad.salih@univsul.deu.iq (N.B.S.)
AUTHOR
Tavga
Abdalla
3
Civil Engineering Department, College of Engineering, University of Sulaimani, Sulaimani City, Kurdistan Region, Iraq; tavga.abdalla@univsul.edu.iq (T.A.A)
AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Bio-Energy Recovery from Canola Oil and Wastewater as Co-Substrates
The attention to renewable energy increasing as a result of global energy security problems, climate change, and environmental pollution, therefore we found that the rates of renewable energy applications are increasing progressively over the years. In general canola oil can be utilized as an energy source through transesterification which increases its value. This research is aimed to appreciate the feasibility of using canola oil with the wastewater through biological technology. Canola oil should induce high methane production potential but this does not happen without certain drawbacks. For this purpose, canola oil was co-anaerobic digested with wastewater under different loading rates, a continuous stirred tank reactor (CSTR) was used for anaerobic digestion, and the experiment was conducted for 60 days at 37˚C. Hence, evaluate digestion conditions, stability, and affect the overall operational efficiency depending on canola oil characteristics.The results showed that it was noticed that the biogas production varied from 620.12 –1569.20 l/kgots.day depending on OLR 1-3 goTS l -1 d-1.The highest biogas production was 47 l/day with methane content 69.19% when the loading rate was 3 goTS l -1 d-1.Co-digested canola oil with wastewater produce a methane yield that may reach up to 47 l/day with methane content 69.19%, the highest one produced by 3 g oTS l -1 d-1 While increasing loading rate lead to increase VFA, decrease pH level and the production.The ratio of output /input energy reached to1.9 if canola oil used as biogas substrate but be 1.3 when canola oil used as biodiesel source.
https://jssae.journals.ekb.eg/article_109530_88ab87f19a2480cf69207a8bcc526e0f.pdf
2020-07-01
283
289
10.21608/jssae.2020.109530
Biogas
canola oil
Organic loading rate
calorific value
Energy generation
Biodiesel
Amany
Metwally
amany_ghonem@yahoo.com
1
Agricultural Engineering Faculty of agriculture, Zagazig university,Egypt
LEAD_AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Evaluation of Drainage Water Quality of El Hoks Drain at North Nile Delta, Kafr El-Sheihk Governorate, Egypt
There is a severe shortage in irrigation water supply in North Delta area, especially Kafr El-Sheikh Governorate, Egypt. The shortage in fresh water supply in farmlands located on the tail end of irrigation canals has to be replenished by the available drainage water. So, the current work focused on assessing water quality of El-Hoks Drain for irrigation with respect to its contents of ammonium- N (NH4-N), nitrate-N (NO3-N), salts, dissolved oxygen (DO), biological oxygen demand (BOD), chemical oxygen demand (COD), boron (B) and some heavy metals. Sixty water samples were collected from ten branch drains’ discharge in El-Hoks Drain during winter (2017/018) and summer (2018) seasons. According to FAO (1985) and Egyptian standards (Law 48/1982), results showed that BOD, COD and NO3-N are the main pollutants, which BOD and COD values are classified between bad to slight and moderate, whereas, NH4-N and NO3-N values fall within the normal range for irrigation, but it is in the abnormal range based on the Egyptian standards. DO Values are in the normal range for irrigation according to Egyptian standards. Also, values of heavy metals Cu, Mn, Pb and Cd exceed the allowable limits for irrigation except Ni which falls within the normal range. B values in water samples fall between bad and good. Meanwhile, pH values ranged from 7.37 to 7.95, EC values ranged from 1.16 to 2.71 dSm-1, while SAR values varied from 5.74 to 8.64 which are suitable for irrigation and their values were higher in winter than in summer.
https://jssae.journals.ekb.eg/article_109532_69fbf89a31bf67fd59c65e4c75abd816.pdf
2020-07-01
291
297
10.21608/jssae.2020.109532
BOD
COD
Heavy metals
nitrate and water quality
M. S.
El-Saka
elsaka3@yahoo.com
1
Environ. Res. Dept., Soils, Water and Environ. Res. Instit. (SWERI), Agric. Res. Center (ARC), Giza, Egypt.
LEAD_AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
The Contamination Status of Heavy Metals Associated with Fruits and Vegetables Collected from some Markets at El- Gharbia Governorate
Continuous consumption of local vegetables (veg.) and fruits polluted with heavy metals (HMs) lead to metals accumulation over time causing an array of diseases. Therefore, the current work aimed to assess the concentrations of heavy metals (HM) namely Cadmium Cd , Lead Pb , Nickel Ni , Cobalt Co and Chromium Cr in various fruits (Grab, Apple, Mango and Figs) and vegetables (Tomato, Cucumber, Potato, Jews mallow and Nasturtium) traded in three different markets i.e. Tanta (M1), Kafr Elzayate (M2) and Zefta (M3), at El- Gharbia Governorate, Egypt . The results showed that, great variations in the HMs concentrations across the vegetables and fruits and also within the same vegetable/fruits sourced from different markets which are exceeded the recommended WHO/FAO standers to humans. In various studied samples, Cd content ranged from 0.525 to 3.96 mg kg-1, Co value ranged from 0.001 to 0.95 mg kg-1, Cr concentration ranged from 1.09 to 4.96 mg kg-1, Ni concentration ranged from 1.04 to 4.66 mg kg-1 and Pb concentration ranged from 2.02 to 4.88 mg kg-1, respectively. The daily intake of metals through food consumption was in the ascending order Co < Cd < Ni < Pb < Cr for M2 market and hazard index (HI) for most of examined metals was more than 1 and this revealed desirable effects on human health. The excessive content of these HMs in vegetables and fruits samples may causes number of diseases with continued consumption.
https://jssae.journals.ekb.eg/article_109568_32ea9aa8a13696dba396ef1ac3423c7c.pdf
2020-07-01
299
305
10.21608/jssae.2020.109568
Heavy metals
daily intake of heavy metals (DIM)
non-carcinogenic risk index and hazard index
vegetables
Fruits
markets
M. S.
El-Saka
elsaka3@yahoo.com
1
Environ. Res. Dept., Soils, Water and Environ. Res. Instit. (SWERI), Agric. Res. Center (ARC), Giza, Egypt.
LEAD_AUTHOR
M. M.
El-kholy
2
Environ. Res. Dep., Soils, Water and Environ.Res. Instit., Agric. Res. Center, Egypt
AUTHOR
M. A.
Aiad
3
Soil improvement and conservation Res. Dep., Soils, Water and Environ.Res. Instit., Agric. Res. Center, Egypt
AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Evaluation of some Soil Conditioners on some Properties of Salt Affected Soil and Wheat Productivity and Quality
Two field experiments were conducted during winter seasons of 2018/2019 and 2019/2020 at Sahl El-Hussainia Agric. Rcs. Station, El-Shakia governorate, to study the effect of addition of soil conditioners (compost, gypsum and bio-fertilizer alone or combination on some soil chemical and physical properties of saline soil and yield, yield components and chemical composition of wheat plant (Triticum astivum L.). The results showed that all used amendments either solely or combined application led to decrease EC (dSm-1), pH, SAR and ESP compared with control. The Bulk density, porosity and infiltration rate were positively affected by soil amendments. The combined application of compost and gypsum or between compost and bio-fertilizer were more affective than single one the soil chemical and physical properties. All treatments were significantly increase wheat yield and yield components. The highest significant effect on wheat yield and yield component were obtained by application compost+ gypsum, and also N, P, K, Zn, Fe, Mn in grain and straw.
https://jssae.journals.ekb.eg/article_109576_bcde02b42d915ff1c7ddbf686bfc8401.pdf
2020-07-01
307
314
10.21608/jssae.2020.109576
Salt affected soil
compost
gypsum
Bio-fertilizer
wheat productivity
Faten
El-Kamar
fatenalkamar@yahoo.com
1
Soils, water and Environ. Res. Inst. Agric. Res. Center, Giza. Egypt
LEAD_AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Influence of Nitrogen Sources and Levels Along with Different Levels of Compost on Quinoa (Chenopedium Quinoa Willd.) Productivity Grown in Newly Reclaimed Soils
Two field experiments were performed during season of 2017 and 2018 at a private farm in newly reclaimed land, Village No 8, El-Minia Governorate, Egypt, to assess the effect of different nitrogen sources [ammonium sulphate, (AS) and ammonium nitrate,(AN) fertilizers] and levels (60 and 90 kg N/fed) as well as different compost levels (5, 10 and 15 t/fed) on growth parameters of quinoa plant, i.e. plant height, dry weight/plant and number of leaves/plant; yield components (number of panciles/plant, 1000-grain weight and grain yield/plant; yield parameters (grain, straw and biological yield); and N, P and K concentration and uptake in both grains and straw as well as nitrogen utilization efficiency (NUtE). The experimental design was a split-split plot design, where compost levels were allocated in main plots and nitrogen sources were arranged in sub plots, while nitrogen levels were applied in sub-sub plots. The results show that all studied growth parameters, yield and yield components as well as N, P and K concentrations and uptake in grains and straw were positively responded to increasing nitrogen and compost levels, except P concentration in grains and straw in both seasons and K concentration in grains in the second season only which did not affect by nitrogen levels. Nitrogen sources were significantly effected the abovementioned traits, except 1000-grain weight and nitrogen concentration in both grains and straw, which the effect of AS fertilizer was more pronounced than AN form. Nitrogen utilization efficiency was negatively affected by compost and nitrogen levels, while nitrogen source was not affect this trait. Combined 15 t/fed compost with 60 kg N/fed had statistically effect on quinoa productivity equal to the effect of 90 kg N/fed.
https://jssae.journals.ekb.eg/article_109596_4e67308a54bcd15b1b151747c264feb2.pdf
2020-07-01
315
323
10.21608/jssae.2020.109596
nitrogen sources
levels
quinoa plant
newly reclaimed soils
growth parameters
Yield and yield components
Ghada
El-Sheref
d.ghadaelsheref116@yahoo.com
1
Soil, Water and Environment Res., Inst. ARC, Giza, Egypt
LEAD_AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Optimum Operating Conditions for Impact Sprinkler
Sprinkler irrigation systems can be managed and designed by only conducting an individual sprinkler test in no wind conditions. The present work was conducted to study the effect of different operating pressures and riser heights to determine optimum operating conditions that achieve high application efficiency and wheat production in impact sprinkler system. The coefficient of uniformity (CU,%) was evaluated within the operating pressure range from 100 to 350 kPa, riser heights 1.0, 1.5 and 2.0 m, overlapped from 100 to 20% under square and triangular layouts sprinkler. It was concluded that the operating conditions that achieved high CU was operating pressure of 250 kPa and 1.5 m riser height for impact sprinkler. Information from individual sprinkler test was established to carry out the corresponding overlapping ranged from 20 to 100% in square and triangular layouts sprinkler. Optimal spacing between sprinklers was found to be as 50 to 70% from diameter of throw in square layout. It was found in range of 50 to 80% from diameter of throw in triangular layout sprinkler. The wheat yield was highly affected by water requirements (100, 80 and 60% ETc). The results showed that the average values of total grain and straw yield/fed, increased with increasing ETc from 60 to 100%. The highest yield was achieved with 100% ETc, while, WUE with 80% ETc was the highest value. It could be recommended to apply irrigation water to 100% ETc that has the highest yield of wheat under operating pressure of 250 kPa with good CU for impact sprinkler. On the other hand, adding 80% ETc applied gave the highest values was preferred when the priority to save on the applied water and increase water productivity. Also, layout spacing ≥ 50% from diameter of throw was recommended.
https://jssae.journals.ekb.eg/article_109678_585cfc2f2b06d850c54e61c049001c28.pdf
2020-07-01
325
332
10.21608/jssae.2020.109678
Optimum conditions
Wheat
sprinkler
Operating Pressure
Water use efficiency and yield
A. F.
Khedr
afathi2100@yahoo.com
1
Agric. Eng., Agric. Eng. Dep., Fac. of Agric., Suez Canal Univ.
LEAD_AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Modeling of Automatic Milking Systems in Animal Production Farms
The aim of the present study was to design a mathematical model that can be used when deciding to choose a milking parlor. The proposed model has been tested in the conditions of agricultural production in Egypt and can be easily updated and adapted to different conditions. The mathematical model was basically validated with some results of measurements on three farms of different sizes for milking parlors and could be easily adapted to changing conditions. The results of the model showed that in case of a farm that contains 250 cows, the number of hours needed for milking per day is 12 hours, and the design of the milking parlor (2x8). In case of a farm that contains 500 cows, the number of hours required for milking per day is 15 hours, and the milking parlor design is (2x14). While, in case of a farm that contains 1000 cows, the number of hours required for milking per day is 18 hours, and the design of the milking parlor is (2x22). The results also showed that by increasing the capacity of the dairy farm it was possible to reduce the final annual costs of milking costs, whereby if the difference between a farm containing 250 cows and 1,000 cows was compared, it was observed that the final annual costs of milking per cow were reduced by 22 %. From the application of the model, it was found that the milking parlor could be improved, with reducing the total annual final costs of milking per cow by 30 %.
https://jssae.journals.ekb.eg/article_109692_eaf355001ac71ee4d6ceffa67344ae3a.pdf
2020-07-01
333
339
10.21608/jssae.2020.109692
modeling
Dairy farm
Parlor optimization
Automatic milking system
costs
A. R.
Obaia
abdoobaia@gmail.com
1
Agric. Eng. Res. Institute, ARC, Dokki, Giza, Egypt.
LEAD_AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Effect of Mole Drain Spacing, Some Soil Amendments and Boron Fertilization on Improving some Soil Properties and Sugar beet Productivity in Salt-Affected Soils
Soil salinity and poor drainage are affecting soil properties and hence limiting crop productivity. Poor productivity and increasing population make a great food gap. So increasing soil productivity is important to address food gap. Two field trials were carried out at El-Reyadh district, Kafr El-Sheikh, Egypt during two successive seasons (2018-2019). This study aims to investigate the impact of mole drain spacing and some soil amendments on the physical and chemical soil properties and its fertility as well as applying boron fertilization on sugarbeet productivity. Split-split plot design was implemented. The main plots were occupied by mole drain spacing: at 3 distances i.e.: 3, 6 and 9 meters. The subplots were assigned to amendments with 3 combinations i.e.: (G,C and G+C). The sub-sub plots were assigned to foliar with boric acid with 3 levels i.e.: B1, (without boron), B2 (200ppm boron) and B3 (400ppm boron) application. The results showed that the soil values (ECe) , (ESP), (BD), total porosity, soil basic infiltration rate and its fertility parameters (available NPK) were significantly influenced by the treatments and recorded highest values due to the interaction among studied treatments after sugar beet harvesting. The results showed that (G+C) treatment with 3m mole spacing alleviated the hazardous effects of salinity stress on sugar beet yield. The root yield of sugar beet and sugar yield was significantly increased and recorded the highest values with the interaction S1*(G+C)*B3.Therefore, Integrated soil management through soil conservation and some amendments and Boron could be considered a proper approach to sustain soil properties and improve its productivity and increase sugar beet productivity under arid and semi-arid conditions.
https://jssae.journals.ekb.eg/article_109701_cecdb5426fcc2322e917eef09c53c772.pdf
2020-07-01
341
347
10.21608/jssae.2020.109701
Mole drain spacing
Amendments
boron foliar application
ECE
ESP
Sugar beet
Sahar
Rashed
saharhassanrashed86@gmail.com
1
Soils Improvement and Conservation Dept., Soils, Water and Environ. Res. Instit. (SWERI), Agric. Res. Center (ARC), Giza, Egypt
LEAD_AUTHOR