ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Development of a Rice-Straw Disc Chipper
The aims of this research are to develop manufacture and evaluate a rice-straw disc chipper. The disc chipper consists of frame, feeding duct, and rotating disc with three knives, fixed knife, suction fan and 5.6-kW electric motor. The studied performance-factors are: cutting-knife speeds of 800, 1000, 1200, and 1400 rpm (16.76, 20.94, 25.13and 29.31 m/s), clearances between rotating knives and disc of 5, 10, 15 and 20 mm and rice-straw moisture contents of 14, 18, 22 and 26 % in wet base. The main results were summarized in the following points: * The maximum average of cutting length of 25.2 mm was obtained by using fan, cutting-knives speed of 800 rpm (16.76 m/s), rice-straw moisture content of 26 % and clearance of 20 mm. Meanwhile, the minimum average of cutting length of 4.3 mm was obtained by using the chipping machine without fan, cutting-knives speed of 1400 rpm (29.31 m/s), rice-straw moisture content of 14 % and clearance of 5 mm. * The maximum machine productivity of 333.6 kg/h was obtained by using fan, cutting-knives speed of 1400 rpm (29.31 m/s), rice-straw moisture content of 26 % and clearance of 20 mm. Meanwhile, the minimum machine productivity of 66.2 kg/h was obtained by using the chipping machine without fan, cutting-knives speed of 800 rpm (16.76 m/s), rice-straw moisture content of 14 % and clearance of 5 mm. * The minimum production cost of 34.4 L.E./ton was obtained by using rice-straw moisture content of 26 % and at optimum knives-speed of 1400 rpm (29.31 m/s) using fan and clearance of 20 mm.
https://jssae.journals.ekb.eg/article_40365_664420ae6181c8317e249833618cdbd8.pdf
2016-10-01
705
711
10.21608/jssae.2016.40365
A.
Mohamed
1
Researcher. Ag. Eng., Res. Inst.
AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Evaluation of Soil Fertility by Using GIS Techniques for Some Soils of Dakahlia Governorate, Egypt
Evaluation of soil fertility of alluvial soils in the Nile-Delta of Egypt is very important, especially after long periods of intensive cropping and loss of Nile-sediments after building the High Dam in the 1960s. The main objective of this work was to evaluate soil fertility in some of Dakahlia Governorate soils by using GIS techniques. Accordingly, 17 georeferenced soil profiles were randomly distributed within the studied area. Soil samples were collected from each profile at 0-30, 30-60, and 60-90 cm soil depth interval. Collected soil samples were analyzed for their physical, chemical, and fertility properties. Water samples were also collected from both irrigation and drainage canals close to each soil profile. These water samples were analyzed for their chemical properties. Evaluation of land capability and suitability for some crops production was performed using the Agriculture Land Evaluation System for arid and semi-arid regions (ASLEarid). Soils in the studied area were classified into two classes (excellent and good) according to theirphysical index andone class (excellent) based on their chemical index. Accordingly, the soil index was ranged between excellent and good. Soils were fit into two classes according to their fertility index, which are poor and very poor. Water quality was excellent and the environmental conditions varied from good to fair. The final index indicated that soils in the studied are fit into two classes (fair and poor). Land suitability for the selected crops varied from moderately suitable to very suitable. The limitations for crop productivity in the studied area can be alleviated through using proper fertility and land management practices.
https://jssae.journals.ekb.eg/article_40364_5c6064e4bf109e6c9200d04a8483d63e.pdf
2016-10-01
713
720
10.21608/jssae.2016.40364
Soil fertility
Land capability
Suitability
ASLEarid
GIS
A.
Elnaggar
elnaggar@gmail.com
1
Department of Soil Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Mansoura, University, Egypt
AUTHOR
A.
Mosa
2
Department of Soil Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Mansoura, University, Egypt
AUTHOR
G.
Shebiny
3
Soil, Water and Environment Institute, Dokki, Giza, Egypt.
AUTHOR
M.
El-Seedy
4
Department of Soil Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Mansoura, University, Egypt
AUTHOR
Fatma
El-Bakry
5
Department of Soil Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Mansoura, University, Egypt
AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Performance Assessment of the Fao Aquacrop Model for Maize Yield, Biomass and Water Productivity Along the River Nile, Egypt
Different three maize field experiments represent the main agro ecological zones (Sakha, Giza and Qena), including full and deficit irrigation, were conducted in Egypt along the river Nile. The last updated version of AquaCrop model was evaluated with maize yield and water productivity under different irrigation water treatments (1.2, 1, 0.8 and 0.6 from actual evapotranspiration ETc). The model was evaluated after parameterization using field observations relative to canopy cover (CC), total biomass and yield data as well as using conservative parameters. The treatments show highly agreement between measured and simulated values of CC except the highest severe irrigation treatment (I4). The determination coefficients are higher (R2>60), thus indicating that the CC model explains significantly the variance of observed CC values. Also, estimated errors are then small, with RMSE ranging between (0.3 to 13%), and d varying between 0.6 and 0.98. Also, the agreement between simulated and observed maize grain yield, final biomass and water productivity were good with R2, RMSE and d. Results cleared that the model is considered a good decision support tool for exploring irrigation management and maize production in Egypt. Nevertheless, the model showed slightly uncertainty specially under sever deficit irrigation. It is supposed that, AquaCrop would be useful if it included some calibrated parameters about root distribution system in soil, because it is a water driven model and relies mainly on soil water balance and uptake.
https://jssae.journals.ekb.eg/article_40363_db0f5b0c82ba3df32cd670009d1637d2.pdf
2016-10-01
721
728
10.21608/jssae.2016.40363
Water driven model
uncertainty
Deficit Irrigation
calibrated parameters
A.
Kheir
1
Soils, Water and Environment Research Institute; Agricultural Research Center, Giza, Egypt.
AUTHOR
M.
Hassan
2
Field Crops Research Institute; Agricultural Research Center, Giza, Egypt.
AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Impact of EDTA, Citric Acid and Humic Acid on Phytoremedation of Metal Contaminated Soil by Indian Mustard (Brassica juncea)
A pot experiment was conducted during winter season of (2013/2014) at Sakha Agricultural Research Station, Kafr El-Sheikh Governorate. The experiment aimed to investigate the effect of disodium ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) (0.0, 1.5, 3.0 and 4.5 mmol kg-1 soil), citric acid (CA) (0, 3, 6 and 9 mmol kg-1 soil) and humic acid (HA) (0.0, 0.2, 0.4 and 0.6 g kg-1 soil) on the phytoextraction of Cu, Zn and Pb from Al-Gabal Al-Asfar contaminated soil using indian mustard (Brassica juncea) and the leaching behavior of these metals from soil. The obtained results can be summarised in the following:- EDTA severely reduced indian mustard dry weight and visual symptoms of toxicity were observed, especially at 4.5 mmol EDTA kg-1 soil. Whilst, application of CA and HA ameliorated indian mustard growth.- EDTA was found to be the most efficient chelator in increasing concentrations of Cu and Zn in different indian mustard plant parts.- Increasing EDTA application rate up to 4.5 mmol kg-1 soil increased the concentrations of Cu by 1.91, 2.88, 3.04 and 1.56 folds and Zn by 1.43, 1.91, 1.83and 1.11 folds for roots, stem, leaves and seeds, respectively, compared to control treatment (0.0 mmol EDTA kg-1 soil).- Application of CA also increased Cu and Zn concentrations by different indian mustard plant parts, especially at 9 mmol kg-1 soil, but its efficacy was less than EDTA.- HA application increased Zn concentrations in different indian mustard plant parts with increasing its addition up to 0.6 g kg-1 soil, but its efficacy was less than that of EDTA and CA.- HA application did not affect Cu concentrations in indian mustard.- There were neither any perceptible concentrations of Pb in different plant parts of indian mustard except for roots clarifying that phytoextraction of Pb failed even after application of tested chelators. - Application of EDTA and CA to the soil increased the leaching of Cu, Zn and Pb under indian mustard cultivation with increasing application rate up to 4.5 and 9 mmol kg-1 soil, respectively. However, the effect of EDTA was many times higher than that of CA. Whilst, HA application did not affect the leaching of studied metals.- Using CA for the phytoremediation of Cu and CA and HA for the phytoremediation of Zn is favorable than EDTA despite the high efficiency of EDTA, due to the harmful effects of EDTA on plant growth and the increased risk of groundwater contamination via metal leaching.
https://jssae.journals.ekb.eg/article_40362_750aed38e92d6e1cfb7a0ae56d0e1dc5.pdf
2016-10-01
729
737
10.21608/jssae.2016.40362
Phytoremediation
Phytoextraction
Zn
Cu
Pb contaminated soils and indian mustard plant
M.
El-Agrodi
1
Soils Dept. Fac. of Agric., Mansoura Univ., Egypt.
AUTHOR
F.
Zein
2
Soil, Water and Environment Res. Inst., A.R.C., Egypt.
AUTHOR
G.
Labeeb
3
Soils Dept. Fac. of Agric., Mansoura Univ., Egypt.
AUTHOR
M.
Ramadan
4
Soil, Water and Environment Res. Inst., A.R.C., Egypt.
AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Response of Egyptian Clover (Variety Fahl) to Foliar Spray with Potassium Humate, Fulvate as Well as Amino Acids Mixture
A field trial was conducted at Giza Agricultural Research Station, A.R.C., Egypt during 2013/2014 and 2014/2015 winter seasons, to study the response of Fahl Egyptian clover to foliar spray of 5 and 10 ml/L from potassium humate, fulvate as well as amino acids mixture on growth, productivity and chemical composition. Results indicated that foliar spray with 10 ml/L K-humate(10%K2o) increased significantly plant height, number of secondary branches/plant, number of heads/plant, dry leaf/stem ratio, number of seeds/head, 1000 seed weight, fresh and dry fodder yields as well as seed yield, followed by foliar spray with 10 ml/L amino acids mixture. Insignificant differences was observed between such two treatments with respect to fresh, dry and seed yields/fad. The lowest values of such traits were obtained from foliar spray with 5 ml/L K-fulvate compared to treated plants with K-humate and amino acids mixture. The maximum values of crude protein, oil (ether extract, E.E.), N, P and K% were obtained from treated plants by 10 ml/L K-humate followed by 10 ml/L amino acids mixture compared to control. The maximum value of crude fiber % was obtained from spraying plants by water (control), while the lowest value was obtained when plants sprayed with 10 ml/L K-humate.
https://jssae.journals.ekb.eg/article_40361_aa1e81367561b0ac5fb2de899bac6881.pdf
2016-10-01
739
743
10.21608/jssae.2016.40361
Egyptian clover
potassium humate
fulvate and amino acids
Fadia
Sultan
1
Forage Crops Res. Dep., Field Crops Res. Inst., A.R.C., Giza, Egypt.
AUTHOR
N.
Anton
2
Crop Physiology Res. Dep., Field Crops Res. Inst., A.R.C., Giza, Egypt.
AUTHOR
F.
Zahran
3
Plant Nutrition Res. Dep., Soil, Water and Environ. Inst., A.R.C., Giza, Egypt.
AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Influence of Mineral Fertilization Rates and Foliar Application of Some Micro Nutrients on Lettuce Plant
Effects of mineral fertilization (NPK) rates and foliar application of micro nutrients (Zn, Fe and Mo) on vegetative growth, yield and some nutrient contents of lettuce plant (Lactuca sativa L.) were studied at the Experimental Farm of Faculty of Agriculture, El-Mansoura University during the winter season of 2015. The experiment was conducted in split plot design with three replicates, which were simple possible combination between 3 rates of NPK (50, 100 and 150% of the recommended dose (RD) by the Ministry of Agriculture i.e. 60, 27.5 and 17.43 kg ha-1 for N, P and K, respectively) as main plots and 4 treatments of micro nutrients foliarly (0, 50 mgL-1 Mo, 100 mgL-1 Zn and 300 mgL-1 Fe) as sub plots. The results acquired from the study demonstrated that, fresh and dry weight as well as yield of lettuce plants increased significantly in response to rate of 100% RD from NPK. In addition; chlorophyll content, N, P, K concentrations, Mo content and NO3-N concentration in outer, inner leaves and stem recorded the highest values due to 150% of NPK recommended dose (RD), whereas Zn, Fe and nitrate reductase activity were decreased with increasing rate of NPK fertilization. The highest mean values of the grown parameters of lettuce plant significantly increased due to the foliar application of Mo at rate of 50 mgL-1. Zn, Fe and Mo contents in plant increased due to the foliar application of chelating-Zn at rate of 100 mgL-1, chelating-Fe at rate of 300 mgL-1 and chelating-Mo at rate of 50 mgL-1. As for NO3-N concentration in outer, inner leaves and stem gave the highest values with foliar of chelating-Zn at rate of 100 mgL-1.
https://jssae.journals.ekb.eg/article_40366_54e0b411cf858bd750dae6932bc19145.pdf
2016-10-01
745
750
10.21608/jssae.2016.40366
K.
Fouda
1
Soil Sci. Dept., Fac. of Agric., Mansoura Univ., Egypt
AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Using Flame for Weed control in Some Crops
The performance of locally flaming weeder machine pulled with tractor through three levels of gas pressure (1, 1.5 and 2 bar), flame height above the ground (15, 20 and 25 cm) and four travel speeds (0.6, 0.9, 1.2 and 1.5 km/h) in the machine actual field capacity and field efficiency under both a single or double rows of burners were evaluated. The machine consist of the main frame and the flaming system which consisted of four burners were installed in one or two rows with suitable inclination and opening air outlet and propane gas as well as three heights from the ground surface. The evaluation of the flaming machine showed acceptable results which is suitable for use with an organic olive and apple agriculture to obtained very powerful tool for weed control and lowest recovery rates. Thereby, the most successful parameters were double burner rows, travel speeds 0.6 km/h and highest gas pressure 2 bar as well as lowest flaming height (15cm) while, the gas consumption calculated by 40kg/fed. The obtained result revealed that the control activity of flaming in some narrow and broad leaved weeds was exhibited highly positive responses than perennial weeds. The weed control efficiency increased with lower travel speed and higher gas pressure as well as burner height. Further studies will be recommended for design a suitable burner and sensors to give regularity fire between the crops seedling and to avoiding the harmful effect on the economic plants.
https://jssae.journals.ekb.eg/article_40368_0043e04a1174d35b8bfc005246633bbe.pdf
2016-10-01
751
756
10.21608/jssae.2016.40368
weed control
flame
travel speed
gas pressure
burner height
and weed control efficiency and recovery rate
A.
Dress
drees.fatah@yahoo.com
1
Agriculture engineering Dept., Fac. Agric. Al Azhar University
AUTHOR
M.
Balah
mbaziz1974@gmail.com
2
Plant Protection Dept., Desert Res. Center, El-Mataria, Cairo, Egypt
AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Evaluation of Ground Water for Irrigation in Bani Walid District, Libya.
This investigation has been conducted in the Bani walid district, Libya, that located 180 kilometers from southeast of Libyan capital Tripoli and it is located between latitudes 31°22´ to 31° 49´ and longitudes 13°42´ to14°29´ with an objective of understanding the suitability of Bani walid area groundwater quality for irrigation purposes. Ground water is the main source for water supply and irrigation purposes .Groundwater samples have been collected from different wells found in Bani Walid Valleys to evaluate some chemical parameters such as EC, pH, concentration of total dissolved solids (TDS), Ca +2, Mg +2 ,Na+ , K+,CO3- ,HCO3- ,Cl- ,SO4-2 , NH4+ , Mn ,Fe , ,B and NO3- .The chemical analysis were carried out for fourteen samples. Coordinates of wells samples were recorded using the Global Positioning System (GPS). Physical and chemical parameters were analyzed by means of contour maps to illustrate the spatial distribution of chemical constituents of the ground water samples. The abundance of the major ions is as follows Cl ˃ SO4 ˃ HCO3 ˃ CO3 and Ca˃ Na ˃ Mg˃ K. Piper diagram is used to illustrate the suitability and type of ground water as well as Richard and Wilcox classifications are used to show the suitability of study ground water for irrigation. Also, other parameters such as Residual Sodium Carbonate (RSC), Sodium Absorption Ratio (SAR) and Soluble Sodium Percentage (SSP) have also been determined. The distribution pattern of EC and chlorides and SAR which are the general indicators of groundwater quality reveals that ground water samples falls in the field of doubtful to unsuitable for irrigation except samples 2,3,5,6 7 and 8 which they are fell in the field of good to permissible for irrigation. They are mostly located in Tininai Vally.
https://jssae.journals.ekb.eg/article_40469_5db2a9e619a3e93693df7cb7cfa44999.pdf
2016-10-01
757
766
10.21608/jssae.2016.40469
Ground water quality
Irrigation Suitability
Sodium Absorption Ratio (SAR)
Global Positioning System (GPS)
Bani Walid
E.
El-Hadidi
1
Soils Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Mansoura University, Egypt.
AUTHOR
T.
El-Zehery
2
Soils Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Mansoura University, Egypt.
AUTHOR
E.
Aboghaiyas
3
Soil and Water Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Azzaytna University, Libya.
AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Effect of Organic Manures, Biofertilizers and NPK on Vegetative Growth, Yield, Fruit Quality and Soil Fertility of Eureka Lemon Trees (Citrus limon (L.) Burm).
A field experiment was carried out during the years 2013, 2014 and 2015 on Eureka lemon at El-Nubaria region, El-Beheira governorate, to study the effect of farmyard manure and biofertilizers with NPK dose on soil fertility, growth, yield, fruit quality and leaf nutrient content of Eureka lemon trees. Eleven treatments were arranged in a randomized complete block design with three replicates. Results revealed significant differences amongst various growth attributes, fruit yield, fruit quality, leaf mineral content and soil nutrients availability due to farmyard manure and biofertilizers application. Also, farmyard manure and biofertilizers could compensate for the 50% reduction of chemical fertilizers, and increasing yield compared to chemical fertilizers with significant differences. Therefore, treatment of 50% NPK + 55 kg farmyard manure + biofertilizers is recommended for growers. This treatment gave the best growth, yield and fruit quality of Eureka lemon trees. Moreover, this treatment improved the nutritional status of the trees, through the beneficial effects of organic and biofertilizers which enhanced the availability of most nutrients in the soil.
https://jssae.journals.ekb.eg/article_40472_9498c26883150b742cc1bb9e1f85c097.pdf
2016-10-01
767
774
10.21608/jssae.2016.40472
farmyard manure
inorganic fertilizers
citrus
lemon biofertilizers
H.
Ennab
1
Citrus Research Department, Hort. Res. Instit. ARC. Giza, Egypt.
AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Effect of Biochar, Compost, Chicken Manure and Mineral Fertilization on Wheat and Barley Plants Grown on Sandy Soil
Two field experiments in spit plot design were carried out in winter season of 2014-2015 at Mansoura University Farm, Qalabshu region, Dakhlia Governorate, Egypt, to investigate Wheat and barley productivity as affected by biochar, compost, chicken manure with different rates of mineral fertilization. The obtained results can be summarized in ; biochar, compost and chicken manure addition led to increase wheat grain yield by 6.36, 14.92 and 21.21 % compared with 0.0 organic addition, where the same amendment with the same order increased barley grain yield by 16.59, 28.43 and 31.17 %. Mineral fertilizer increased both wheat and Barely grain yield up to the highest level used, 125 % of recommended NPK. Chicken manure treatment recorded the highest straw yield, 4002.5 and 2511.3 Kg fed.-1, of wheat and barley, respectively, So recorded the highest values of 1000- grain weight of wheat, 50.53, and barley, 43.90 gm., respectively. A significant organic fertilizer types - mineral fertilization dose interaction was found regarding to 1000 grain weight of wheat where a non-significant interaction was found regarding to 1000 grain weight of barley. Chicken manure - 125% of recommended NPK treatment gives the heights values of wheat and barley grains N content, 1.81 and 1.699 %. Biochar, compost and Chicken manure increased P content of wheat grains by 18.0, 29.0 and 34.0 % Compared with 0.0 organic matter. A similar trend was also achieved with barley , where The percentage of increase were 34.9 , 34.9 and 49.0%, respectively. Increasing mineral fertilization level from 100 % to 125 % increased p content of wheat and barley by 4.0 and 3.0 %, respectively. Very little increase but significant was found in K content of wheat and barley due to appling biochar treatment, 5040.0 Kg fed.-1, compared to 0.0 organic treatment. The highest value of K content for wheat, 0.284 and barley, 0.506 %, were achieved with 125% of NPK recommendation dose treatment.
https://jssae.journals.ekb.eg/article_40458_ab670cb33a9eea559a33ee19abb913c5.pdf
2016-10-01
775
782
10.21608/jssae.2016.40458
Biochar
compost
chicken manure
Mineral fertilization
Wheat
Barley
sandy soil
G.
Labeeb
1
Soil Dept., Fac of Agriculture, Mansoura Univ.
AUTHOR
T.
El-Zehery
2
Soil Dept., Fac of Agriculture, Mansoura Univ.
AUTHOR
H.
Hassan
hassan.metwaly@mu.edu.eg
3
Soil and water Dept., Fac of Agriculture, Sirte Univ.
AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Effect of High Total Solids Concentration on Biogas Production from Cattle Dung
This study aimed to evaluate the effect of high total solid concentrations on biogas production from cattle dung. The evaluation process was achieved using four laboratory biogas digesters fed with fresh cow dung at three concentrations; 10 %, 15% and 20% of total solids, three different retention times of 20, 25, and 30 days and three different stirrer speeds of 80, 100, and 120 rpm. The stirring period was 15 minutes every 4 hours. The digesters have been installed inside a water bath to keep the digestion temperature at 40 ± 2ºC. The evaluation also, includes the estimation of energy production, energy consumption, and the net energy gained. The obtained results showed that increasing total solid concentration increase the biogas production rate (V/V/day) while the biogas productivity (V/kg TSadd) was decreased. The optimal conditions which gave the maximum biogas production and energy gained were; 15% of total solids (TS), 20 days of retention times, and 120 rpm of stirring speed. The maximum average biogas production rate and energy production at the optimal conditions were; 1.44 m3/m3/day and 28.881 kWh respectively. The energy consumption represents about 13.84% from the maximum energy production at stirring speed of 120 rpm and 28.66% from the minimum energy production at the non stirring digester, (control).
https://jssae.journals.ekb.eg/article_40465_0963c04db362c9db27303f00181e758b.pdf
2016-10-01
783
792
10.21608/jssae.2016.40465
Y.
El-Hadidi
1
Agric. Engineering - Faculty Mansoura University.
AUTHOR
M.
El-Bakhshwan
2
Agric. Eng. Res. Institute - Alexandria.
AUTHOR
M.
Mohamed
3
Agric. Eng. Res. Institute, Agric. Res. Center, Egypt.
AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Creation & Characterization of Different Coated Urea Materials & Their Impact as Controlled Release Fertilizers
With the increasing of public concern toward human health and environmental protection, there is a shift toward to develop a cofriendly fertilizer based on natural resources. In this study, a coated urea by different materials such as phosphate slimes (PCU), silica fume (SiCU), bentonite (BCU) with Chitosan as binder were created to enhance the slow release mechanism. Characterizations of the coated urea were done using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) with energy dispersive, X-ray analysis (EDX), Spectroscopy Fourier Transform Infra-Red (FTIR), refractive Index (RI) and Crushing Strength Test. The static release experiment showed that the (PCU), (SiCU) and (BCU) gave a release of 4.0, 4.7 and 4.9 % at the first day and 63.4, 74.0 and 82.7 after 30 days, in the same condition, respectively. Crushing Strength Test was carried out for the same size and showed that (PCU), (SiCU) and (BCU) overcame, the uncoated urea
https://jssae.journals.ekb.eg/article_40367_8f06e29b7a1c269e5facc526142e98e2.pdf
2016-10-01
793
800
10.21608/jssae.2016.40367
G.
Taha
1
Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Aswan University, Aswan, Egypt.
AUTHOR
S.
Farahat
2
Egyptian Fertilizer Development Center, El-Mansoura, Egypt.
AUTHOR
E.
Elnggar
3
Egyptian Fertilizer Development Center, El-Mansoura, Egypt.
AUTHOR
M.
AL Molakab
4
Egyptian Company for Chemical Industries, Kima, Aswan, Egypt.
AUTHOR