ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Development and Evaluation of a Honeycomb Uncapping Machine
An uncapping machine was designed and fabricated to uncap both two sides of honeycomb leading to remove the thin wax layer that seals the honey cells. The developed uncapping machine is tested at the Agric. Eng. Res. Inst (2019) under four feeding chain speeds (10, 15, 20 and 25 rpm), four spiral knife speeds (150, 200, 250 and 300 rpm) and four levels of heating temperature for the uncapping device (without heating, 35 , 40 and 45 0C). The interaction effect between different parameters for the uncapping device resulted in 192 tests. Measurements were taken for the machine productivity, uncapping efficiency and power requirement. The obtained results concluded that the uncapping machine can be operated successfully atthe optimum operating parameters of 10 rpm feeding chain speed, 300 rpm spiral knife speed and 40 °C of spiral knife temperature. These operating conditions cause an uncapping efficiency of 95.2 %, productivity of 240 frames / h, consumed specific energy of 8.9×10-3 kW.h/frame. The uncapping machine reduced the estimated cost by 3 times than the manual knife uncapping. Therefore, the developed uncapping honeycombs machine is considered an effective solution for precise controlling of uncapping honeycomb invade Egyptian beekeepers and it gives continuous satisfactory uncapping.
https://jssae.journals.ekb.eg/article_53676_5ac3acab43f5ec45732cbd5b3cbb3abc.pdf
2019-07-01
377
381
10.21608/jssae.2019.53676
Y. A.
Shaaban
1
Agric. Eng. Res. Inst., ARC, Dokki. Giza. Egypt
AUTHOR
H. M. T.
El-Ghobashy
2
Agric. Eng. Res. Inst., ARC, Dokki. Giza. Egypt
AUTHOR
A. M. O.
El-Ashkar
3
Agric. Eng. Res. Inst., ARC, Dokki. Giza. Egypt
AUTHOR
Solaf S.
Abd El-Reheem
4
Agric. Eng. Res. Inst., ARC, Dokki. Giza. Egypt
AUTHOR
A. M. M.
Ghania
5
The Honeybee Res. Dept. plant protection Res. Inst., ARC, Dokki, Giza, Egypt
AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Comparative Study between Effect of some Growth Media on the Productivity and Quality of Lettuce and Red Cabbage Yields
Two pot experiments were conducted at Soil Improvement and Conservation Research Dep. at Sakha Agricultural Research Station, Kafr El-Sheikh Governorate, North Nile Delta, Egypt during winter season 2018/2019. The factorial experiments were carried out in a complete randomized block design (CRBD) to study the effect of peat moss, compost, vermiculite, compost+ peat moss (1:1), peat moss + vermiculite (1:1), compost + vermiculite (1:1) and compost+ peat moss+ vermiculite (1:1:1) on growth, productivity and quality of lettuce (cv .Beqbal) and red cabbage (cv.Naden). The obtained results showed clear variation in the chemical and physical properties of different media after plants harvesting. The chlorophyll content, plant height and head diameter of lettuce and red cabbage values were significantly affected by different growth media. The highest values of these parameters were obtained by the mixture of compost+ peat moss+ vermiculite, while the lowest values were observed in plants grown in vermiculite. On the other hands, the mixture between compost+ peat moss+ vermiculite increased the valid, fresh and dry weights/plant of lettuce by 330.4, 336.8 and 109.8%, respectively, while the corresponding increases of these parameters in red cabbage were 216.4, 173.1 and 43.0%, respectively comparing to vermiculite. Also, this mixture achieved the highest values of NPK percentage for lettuce and red cabbage. In contrast, the lowest values of NPK were recorded with vermiculite media.
https://jssae.journals.ekb.eg/article_53678_b1c161170417cb2fd1991a691e8a5c9a.pdf
2019-07-01
383
387
10.21608/jssae.2019.53678
Substrates
lettuce
Red cabbage
Growth
productivity
peat moss
compost
vermiculite
Esraa A.
Saber
1
Soil and Water Dep. - Agri. Fac. - Tanta Uni. Egypt
AUTHOR
N. I. K.
Abd-Elkader
2
Soil and Water Dep. - Agri. Fac. - Tanta Uni. Egypt
AUTHOR
M. E. M.
Ahmed
3
Horticulture Dep. - Agri. Fac. - Tanta Uni. Egypt
AUTHOR
T. H. H.
Khalifa
4
Soil, Water and Environ. Res. Inst., ARC. Egypt
AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Effect of Planting Methods on some Water Relations and Yield of Wheat at North Nile Delta, Egypt
Wheat is a strategic crop in Egypt because of its association with the bread system in Egypt. The present study was carried in Faculty of Agriculture Farm, Kafrelsheikh University in two growing winter seasons 2014/2015 and 2015/2016 to evaluate the change of planting methods of wheat crop and its effect on yield, some water relations and economic feasibility from production and water unit at North Nile Delta of Egypt. The design of experiment was complete design blocks with 3 replicates and the treatments were: T1 = flat broadcasting (traditional sowing), T2 = row broadcasting and T3 = raised bed broadcasting. The main results in this study can be summarized as follows:* Change planting methods to raised bed broadcasting raise the straw and grain yields compared to traditional method (flat broadcasting) or row broadcasting. The deference between means was highly significant in straw and grain yields of wheat but non-significant in 1000 grain weight and plant height.* Water applied was reduced by change traditional planting method to row broadcasting or raised bed broadcasting and save about 14 and 20.5% of water applied, respectively.* Crop water use efficiency and irrigation water productivity were increased by changing planting method from flat broadcasting to row broadcasting or raised bed broadcasting.* The highest values of net return and economic feasibility from water unit was achieved for wheat crop by using raised bed broadcasting. *Under the status of this study, could be recommend to plant wheat broadcasting on raised bed or rows alternative flat broadcasting as well as highest yields and highest efficiencies of applied irrigation water. Irrigation water was saved by more than 20% compared with flat broadcasting.
https://jssae.journals.ekb.eg/article_53679_b8d2079590e619e21b3930e6c65a0a4b.pdf
2019-07-01
389
392
10.21608/jssae.2019.53679
A. S.
El-Henawy
1
Soils and Water Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Kafrelsheikh University, Egypt
AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Spatial Variability of Soil Cadmium Content and Delineation of its Risky Zones in a Field in Bahr El-Baqar Region
Soil pollution with heavy metals is a great concern as this considerably affects plant both quantity and quality and consequently animal and human health. Detection of the spatial distribution of heavy metals provides good source of information for appropriate soil remediation procedures. Geostatistics and its different interpolators are of great importance for revealing the spatial distribution of any soil variable. The aim of this work is to delineate the spatial distribution of cadmium content insoil irrigated with polluted drainage water of Bahr El-Baqardrain. A total of 100 soil samples were collected over a field of 4.6 ha located in Bahr El-Baqar area, Sharkia Governorate, Egypt. Ordinary kriging was applied as an interpolator for cadmium content interpolation. Prediction assessment was performed using cross-validation calculating two different statistics; mean error (ME) and mean squared standardized error (MSSE). Results showed that the model is unbiased and accurate since ME and MSSE values were of -0.004 and 1.17 respectively. Three management zones were obtained based on cadmium content named as zone 1, zone 2 and zone 3and their range values were0.500 – 1.140, 1.141 – 1.676 and 1.677 – 2.125, respectively. The delineated zones indicate that the field has different multiplicative degrees of cadmium pollution regarding agricultural land use. It is recommendedthat such polluted soils must be appropriately remediatedbefore agricultural land use. It is also recommended that the irrigation water source that comes from Bahr El-Baqardrain should be substituted with a good unpolluted irrigation source.
https://jssae.journals.ekb.eg/article_53682_f98e9e458e11178e911ff8ff706ff628.pdf
2019-07-01
393
396
10.21608/jssae.2019.53682
spatial variability
management zones
soil heavy metals
Kriging
S. M.
Shaddad
1
Soil science department, faculty of agriculture, Zagazig University
AUTHOR
E. A.
El-Naka
2
Soil science department, faculty of agriculture, Zagazig University
AUTHOR
M. Y.
Hendawi
3
Plant protectionde partment, faculty of agriculture, Zagazig University
AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Physico-Chemical Behavior of Natural Minerals along with Synthetic Soil Conditioners on Nutritional Status and Yield Productivity
A field experiment was carried out for two successive seasons (summer season 2017 and winter season 2017/2018) on sandy soil at Ismailia Agric. Res. Station, Ismailia Governorate, Egypt (Latitude, 30˚35' 41.901" N and longitude, 32˚16' 45.834" E) cultivated with sesame and wheat crops respectively, to highlight the effect of applying natural minerals and synthetic soil conditioners alone or in combined on some sandy soil properties and productivity of sesame and wheat crops. Three natural clay minerals (bentonite, vermiculite and zeolite) were added at the rate of 2 ton fed-1. Alone or in combination with three synthetic soil conditioners; hydrogel (HG), polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and anionic polyacrylamide (PAM) which were added at the rate of 6 Kg fed-1. Results indicated that application of natural minerals and synthetic soil conditioners alone or in combination increased significantly values of soil moisture characteristics (field capacity (FC), wilting point (WP), available water( AW), total porosity(TP)), soil nutrients availability (N, P and K), yield components and total content of macronutrients (N, P and K) in straw, seeds and grains of sesame and wheat. Bentonite being superior as compared to other clay minerals for increasing (FC), (WP), (AW),(TP), EC values , soil nutrients availability (N, P and K), yield components and total content of macronutrients (N, P and K) in straw, seeds and grains of sesame and wheat followed by vermiculite and zeolite while values of soil reaction decreased slightly as compared to control. As for the effect of synthetic soil conditioners, application of synthetic soil conditioners significantly increased total porosity (TP), field capacity (FC), wilting point (WP), available water (AW), EC values, soil nutrients availability (N, P and K), yield components and total content of macronutrients (N, P and K) in straw, seeds and grains of sesame and wheat while pH values decreased as compared to control especially in presence of hydrogel combined with bentonite. Bentonite combined with hydrogel recorded the highest values of soil moisture characteristics (FC, WP and AW), TP, EC values, soil nutrients availability (N, P and K), yield components and total content of macronutrients (N, P and K) in straw, seeds and grains of sesame and wheat. While the inferior treatment values were zeolite combined with polyvinyl alcohol (PVA).
https://jssae.journals.ekb.eg/article_53685_f0adb702583611230ce414f9384406d5.pdf
2019-07-01
397
403
10.21608/jssae.2019.53685
physical
chemical
Clay minerals
synthetic conditioners
yield
sesame
Wheat
Wafaa M. A.
Seddik
1
Soil, Water and Environ. Res. Inst., Agric. Res. Center, Giza, Egypt
AUTHOR
Mona A.
Osman
2
Soil, Water and Environ. Res. Inst., Agric. Res. Center, Giza, Egypt
AUTHOR
Mona H. M.
Kenawy
3
Soil, Water and Environ. Res. Inst., Agric. Res. Center, Giza, Egypt
AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Influencing of Ring Die L/D Ratio and Pre-conditioner Operational Parameters on Pellet Mill Performance and Sinking Fish Feed Pellets Quality
Selecting the right die to produce any kind of animal feed pellets becomes one of the difficulties is facing the pellet mill factories. Most of aquatic feed pellet mill factories use dies with holes diameter of 3.5mm, while the market has different dies with the same holes diameter, but with different total thickness and different L/D ratio, because the dies hole diameter of 3.5 mm not just use for fish feed pellets as well as for poultry feed, and rabbits feed pellets. The main experiments were carried out in one of aquatic feed Pellet mill plant to determine the optimum fish feed ring die design specifications and die holes dimensions. The parameters under investigation were three kinds of dies with different total thickness and L/D ratio, four different formula retention time in pre conditioner and three different formula temperature in pre-conditioner. The obtained results recommended the use of die2 (45.5mm total thickness with 1:13 L/D ratio) with die entry diameter of 4.25mm without relief, and optimum pre conditioner processing were 90s retention time, and 85Co formula temperature, the obtained results of this parameters were 7.553Mg/h pellet mill production rate and 7.277Mg/h final production rate after cooling and sifting by decrease in productivity of 3.97%, 137 A motor current , 9.36 kW.h/Mg energy requirement of pellet mill, 101.12Co operating die temperature in the range of safe die temperature. The measured quality produced aquatic feed pellets were 903.20 kg/m3 pellets bulk density, 95.69% pellets durability, and 70.67 % and 33.24% pellets water stability after 30 and 60 minutes sinking in water. The study recommended use the previous mentioned die specification with any pellet mill capacity with change in die eternal diameter
https://jssae.journals.ekb.eg/article_53686_afe02a7c54db988ddbfc6f600c099914.pdf
2019-07-01
405
413
10.21608/jssae.2019.53686
Pellet Mill- Sinking Feed Pellets- Ring Die- Die L/D Ratio- Pre-Condationer-Bulk Density- Durability- Pellets Water Stability
O.
Kaddour
1
Engineering Sciences Department –Faculty of Fish Resources - Suez University
AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Benefits of Treated Rice Straw on Soil Hydraulic Properties under Saline-Sodic Irrigation Water
Egypt is an arid country whose agricultural production depends entirely on irrigation, and it suffers from a severe shortage of fresh water resources. Reuse of agricultural wastewater is therefore inevitable, especially in the central and northern regions of the Egyptian Nile Delta. Recently, the addition of biochar is considered one of a climate-smart farming practice in sustainable agriculture. Therefore, a columns experiment was conducted at the laboratory of Soils Dept., Fac., Agric., Mansoura Unvi. to assess the role of treated rice straw on alleviating the adverse effects of irrigation by agricultural drainage water (low-quality water) on soil physical and hydraulic properties (water movement). The treatments of the experiment include two types of soil texture: (S1) Clay loamy soil and (S2) Loamy soil, two types of irrigation water: (I1) Tap water and (I2) Agricultural drainage water (severe salty and sodic) and two types of treated rice straw: (C1) Rice straw compost (RSC) and (C2) Rice straw compost biochar (RSCB), beside (C0) Control. Results showed that applying both RSC and RSCB increased soil's resistance against negative effect of low-quality water, not only that, but it improves the soil physical and hydraulic properties. The addition of treated rice straw in particular RSCB caused an increase of the soil hydraulic properties i.e. saturated hydraulic conductivity (Ks), unsaturated hydraulic conductivity K(θV), specific fluid flux (q) and intrinsic permeability (k) as a result of the positive change in soil bulk density (ρb), mean pore diameter (d) and porosity (E). Based on these results, the two types of treated rice straw, especially RSCB could improve soil resistance against degradation caused by low-quality water irrigation through improving aggregation process, soil structure and water movement across soil matrix.
https://jssae.journals.ekb.eg/article_53687_60e5b00d70f3c5594cc27fb88cd1dd05.pdf
2019-07-01
415
421
10.21608/jssae.2019.53687
treated rice straw
Agricultural drainage water
Soil texture
soil hydraulic properties
mean pore diameter
Enas M.
Soliman
1
Soils Dept., Fac. Agric., Mansoura Univ., Mansoura, Egypt
AUTHOR
M. I.
Saleh
2
Soils Dept., Fac. Agric., Mansoura Univ., Mansoura, Egypt
AUTHOR
S. A.
Hammad
3
Soils Dept., Fac. Agric., Mansoura Univ., Mansoura, Egypt
AUTHOR