ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
EFFECT OF DIFFERENT FORMS OF N- FERTILIZER AND WATER REGIME ON ONION PRODUCTION AND SOME CROP - WATER RELATIONS
A field experiment was conducted at Dar El- Ramad, Fayoum District, Fayoum, Egypt during 2008/2009 and 2009/2010 seasons to study the effect of N fertilizer forms, i.e. F1: mineral N fertilizer form at the rate of 100 unit N fed-1 (as ammonium nitrate 33.0% N), F2: bio-fertilizer(biogena)+50 unit N/fed, as mineral fertilizer and F3: organic form as chicken manure and irrigation regime treatments, i.e. I1: irrigation at 40% Available Soil Moisture Depletion (ASMD), I2: irrigation at 60% ASMD and I3: irrigation at 80% ASMD on yield, yield components and some crop-water relations of onion crop (Giza 20 cv.). The split-plot design with four replications was used, where N forms were occupied the main plots while the split ones were allocated to irrigation regimes .
The main obtained results were as follows:
1- Using mineral N form and irrigation at 40% ASMD. gave the highest averages of dry bulbs weight, dry bulbs diameter and dry bulbs yield (17.22 and 16.95 t dry bulbs fed-1) in the two successive seasons. The lowest averages of yield and its components were obtained from using FYM fertilizer form and irrigation at 80% ASMD in both seasons.
2- Seasonal consumptive use (ETC) averages were 41.18 and 40.45 cm in 2008/2009 and 2009/2010 seasons, respectively. The highest ETc values, i.e. 45.49 and 44.48 cm were recorded from F1I1 interaction ,in 2008/2009 and 2009 /2010 seasons, respectively, whereas the lowest values, i.e. 37.24 and 36.57cm in the two successive seasons were resulted from F3I3 interaction.
3- Daily ETC rates were low during Dec., then increased during Jan. and Feb., to reach its interaction maximum values during March and then declined again at April till harvesting. The values of daily ETc were decreased by applying organic or bio-fertilizer forms and increased irrigation regime more than 40% ASMD in the two growing season's months. The crop coefficient (KC) values were 0.45, 0.66, 0.75, 0.94, 0.63 and 0.43 (averages of the two seasons) for Dec., Jan., Feb., Mar., Apr. and May, respectively.
4- The highest water use efficiency values i.e. 9.054 and 8.998 kg dry bulb yield m-3 water consumed were obtained from irrigation at 40% ASMD as interacted with N fertilizer in the mineral form in 2008/2009 and 2009/2010 seasons. However, on managing the limited water resources efficiently under the present experiment conditions, it is advisable to irrigate the onion crop at 60% ASMD with mineral N fertilizer form in order to obtain reasonable figures for water productivity and to conserve irrigation water.
https://jssae.journals.ekb.eg/article_53909_5e90de6767f7d73f79e7b9e26aa94a90.pdf
2012-04-01
443
456
10.21608/jssae.2012.53909
Onion yield
yield components
N fertilizer forms
Irrigation regime
onion crop - water relations
M. F. I.
El-Akram
1
Soils, Water and Environment Research Institute, A.R.C., Giza, Egypt
AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
EFFECT OF NITROGEN FERTILIZATION LVELS ON PHOSPHORUS ABSORPTION BY SOME WHEAT VARIETIES IN NORTHERN DELTA REGION
A field experiment was conducted at Sakha Agricultural Research Station farm, Kafr El-Sheikh Governorate, Egypt during 2008/2009 winter season to assess the effect of nitrogen fertilization levels on P absorption by some wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) varieties. Split plot design with four replicates was applied, the main plots were assigned by four wheat varieties, Gimiza 9, Sakha 61, Sakha 93 and Giza168. The subplots were assigned by four nitrogen levels of 0, 30, 60 and 90 kg N fed.-1 (ha = 2.4 fed.). Eight plant samples were collected during the growth periods to determine the daily increase of dry plant weight, N%, and P% in dry matter, P uptake during the growing periods and P/N ratio during the physiological stages.
The obtained results can be summarized as follow:
Wheat plant absorbed phosphorus nutrient rabidly than nitrogen in the first stage (0-30) days.
P% concentration was approximately higher 3.3 folds in the first stage than the second stage and 4.8 folds than the final stage.
There are a positive relationship between phosphorus absorption and temperature degrees,
The mean values of P% concentration of the used varieties arranged according to the following order : Giza 168 > Sakha 93 > Sakha 61 > Gimia 9.
Phosphorus percentage increased highly significant by increasing nitrogen levels up to 90 kg N/ fed.
P uptake increased highly significant to reach its maximum at fifth stage (61-69) days from sawing (middle of plant age).
The mean values of P uptake of the used varieties arranged in the following order: Giza 168 > Sakha 61 > Gimiza 9 > Sakha 93
The mean values of P uptake increased from0.036 mg/plant/day to 0.053, 0.061 and 0.065 mg/plant/day as nitrogen levels increased from N0, to N30, N60 and N90 respectively.
The highest mean value of P/N ratio (0.067) was obtained at the first stage (0-30).
Increasing nitrogen fertilizer levels from N0 to N30, N60 and N90 led to decrease P/N ratio, from 0.056 to .044, 0.041 and 0.040, respectively.
Increasing wheat yield was associated with decreasing P/N ratio.
https://jssae.journals.ekb.eg/article_53911_45ad7ba288ec6ca81d784ea4a9b13a3e.pdf
2012-04-01
429
441
10.21608/jssae.2012.53911
Wheat varieties
N fertilization levels
P%
P uptake and P/N ratio
R.H.
Atia
1
Soils, Water and Environment Research Inst., Agric. Res. Center, Egypt.
AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
DESIGN AND PERFORMANCE EVALUATION OF MULTI-GERM BEET-SEEDS GRADING MACHINE
The non-uniform size of multi-germ beet seeds has made them more difficult to plant uniformly than the most grain crops. Therefore, this research was intended to design and constructed a simple grading machine for grading the sugar beet seed. The purpose of the designed grader is to sorting the beet seeds into three classes such as; (small, medium, and large seeds with high ability to germinate from medium seeds). Some physical and mechanical properties for beet seeds were measured. The obtained data helped in designing and manufacturing the proposed grading machine. The experiment was done to study the effect of seed specific load on screen, kinematic factor, screen slope, and screen to spiral speed ratio. The performance of grading machine was measured in terms of seed quality, grading capacity, grading efficiency, and energy requirements. Results showed that this machine is quite successful for grading multi-germ beet seed. The best result was obtained at 0.9 kinematic factor, 0.1 kg/m2 s seed specific load, and 10 degrees screen slope. At these levels the maximum grading efficiency of 92 %, 0.157 kg/s grading capacity, and 5.2 kW.h/Mg energy requirements were obtained. Before grading process, germination percentage and coefficient of variation of multi-germ beet seed were 94.5 % and 15.5 % respectively. Meanwhile, after grading process using the designed grader machine, the seed germination and coefficient of variation were significantly improved to be 98 % and 6.4 % respectively. Generally, results of the test, concluded that the fabricated grading machine was met the design objectives. It was believed that this grading machine was simple in design, easy in operation, and it greatly improved the uniform size and quality of multi-germ beet seeds.
https://jssae.journals.ekb.eg/article_53913_16676ac99ab76c1fbdd59bf0d28b058e.pdf
2012-04-01
519
536
10.21608/jssae.2012.53913
I. M.
Abd El-Tawwab
1
Agric. Eng. Res. Institute, Agric. Res. Center
AUTHOR
T. R.
Owies
2
Agric. Eng. Res. Institute, Agric. Res. Center
AUTHOR
U. A.
Kaddour
3
Agric. Eng. Res. Institute, Agric. Res. Center
AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
EFFECT OF SULPHUR AND RICE STRAW COMPOST ON SOME SOIL PROPERTIES, SOYBEAN YIELD AND ITS NUTRIENT CONTENTS
A field experiment was conducted during two successive summer seasons of 2010 and 2011 at the experimental farm of Sakha Agric. Res. Station, Kafr EL-Sheikh Governorate. This study was conducted to investigate the effects of N-mineral and organic fertilizers (rice straw compost) with or without sulphur on soybean yield, its chemical composition and soil contents of N, P and K. The experiments were conducted in split plot design, where the main plots were allotted for soybean cultivars; Crowford (Cv1), Giza111 (Cv2), and Taiwan (Cv3). The sub plots were allotted for fertilizer treatments: 1-N fertilizer as urea at level of 15 kg. Nfed-1 (control treatment) 2-Rice straw compost at rate of 10tonfed-1 ( OM), 3 –Rice straw compost at rate of 10 tonfed-1 + sulphur at rate of 400 kgfed-1 (OM+S), 4- N fertilizers as urea at rate of 15 kg N fed-1 +sulphur of400kgfed-1 (N+S) .The treatments were replicated four times.
The results can be summarized as follows:-
1- The yield and its components of soybean were significantly affected by fertilizers treatments and soybean cultivars
2- The highest soybean biomass and seed yields were obtained by Cv1 under OM +S treatment
3- The maximum values of N, P and K contents in the seeds were obtained by Cv1 under OM treatment
4- The highest N and P content in straw were recorded by the control treatment, where the highest values of K content were obtained by OM +S treatment
5- N+S treatment had the highest protein content in the seeds.
6- OM treatment recorded the highest values of available N, P and K in soil
https://jssae.journals.ekb.eg/article_53915_c95978b97c6967365903f9462b1645fc.pdf
2012-04-01
457
469
10.21608/jssae.2012.53915
N. I. A.
Talha
1
Soils, Water and Environment Res. Inst., Agric. Res. Center, Egypt.
AUTHOR
I. E.
Nasr EL-Din
2
Soils, Water and Environment Res. Inst., Agric. Res. Center, Egypt.
AUTHOR
B. A.
Zamil
3
Soils, Water and Environment Res. Inst., Agric. Res. Center, Egypt.
AUTHOR
A. S. M.
EL-Saady
4
Soils, Water and Environment Res. Inst., Agric. Res. Center, Egypt.
AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
INFLUENCE OF PHOSPHATE SOLUBILIZING MICROORGANISMS ON SOIL PHOSPHORUS AVAILABLITY AND FABA BEAN YIELD UNDER CALCAREOUS SOIL CONDITIONS.
Availability of phosphorus to plant is impaired in the calcareous soils due to the formation of poorly soluble calcium phosphate minerals. This work aimed to investigate the influence of phosphate solubilizing microorganisms on the availability of soil phosphorus and faba bean yield under calcareous soil. Accordingly a pot experiment was carried out during the winter season of 2010-2011 under the greenhouse of the Experimental Farm of the Faculty of Agriculture, Mansoura University. The experiment was conducted in a split plot design; which consisted of six main treatments of microorganisms (Control, Microbin, Mycorrhiza, Phosphorin,Microbin + Mycorrhiza, Microbin + Phosphorin) and four levels of P-fertlization (in the form of calcium super phosphate) in the sub plots. The P-rates were 0, 50, 75, and 100% of recommended dose. The obtained results indicated that inoculation of seeds either alone or in combination with any of the P-levels especially 50% and 75 % increased yield and yield components, crude protein, as well as the N, P, and K contents when compared to uninoculated plants. The highest significant values were observed under the treatment of (Microbin + Mycorrhiza) and (Microbin + Phosphorin). It could be also indecated that biofertilization could play a significant role in converting the fixed form of phosphorus into an available form to plant uptake especially under calcareous soil conditions where P is fixed due to high pH and significant quantities of free excess lime.
https://jssae.journals.ekb.eg/article_53917_b174d9e6d1d6d1f5132bd633c4607989.pdf
2012-04-01
471
482
10.21608/jssae.2012.53917
Faba bean
biofertilizers
soil phosphorus
Calcareous soil
Chemical composition
Kh. H.
El-Hamdi
1
Soils Dept., Fac. of Agriculture, Mansoura Univ., Egypt.
AUTHOR
A. A.
Elnaggar
2
Soils Dept., Fac. of Agriculture, Mansoura Univ., Egypt.
AUTHOR
Mona A.
El-Gendy
3
Soils Dept., Fac. of Agriculture, Mansoura Univ., Egypt.
AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
MODIFICATION OF MECHANICAL A TRANSPLANTER TO SUIT TOPPING SUGAR BEET
The main objectives of the present study is to construct suitable topper unit for topping sugar beet crops using the power unit of the prime mover of Yanmar ARP-8 Rice Transplanter to meet the demands of small and medium farmers in Egypt
Tests were conducted at the following topper forward speeds of 1.5, 2.0, and 2.5km/h, topping heights of 1.0, 2.0, and 3.0 (clearance between knife and feeler), and sugar beet moisture content 35.0, 42.0, and 50.0 % were used.
The results showed that by increasing the forward speed from (1.5 to 2.5 Km/h) tends to increase the over topping from (2.90 to 3.22 %), under topping (2.82 to 4.02 %), untopped (3.71 to 4.26 %), effective filed capacity (0.26 to 0.75 fed/h) slip ratio ( 4.0 to 7.9%) and power requirements (2.40 to 6.48 kW), and decreasing the correct topped beet from ( 92.00 to 90.39 %), topping efficiency from ( 96.29 to 95.74 %) and cost for topping operation ( 79.4 to 27.5 LE/fed) .The results also showed that by increasing the topping heights (clearance between knife and feeler) from (1 to 3 cm) leads to increase the topping efficiency (96.29 to 97.23 %), overtopping ( 2.50 to 3.22%) and decrease the under topping (4.02 to 2.60 %), and untopped beet (3.71 to 2.77 %).
https://jssae.journals.ekb.eg/article_53936_3ef36289f365e4d3e920041cd9626db1.pdf
2012-04-01
495
518
10.21608/jssae.2012.53936
H. A.
El-Khateeb
1
Ag.Eng.Res.Inst., A.R.C., Dokki – Giza.
AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
INFLUENCE OF WATER STRESS, PHOSPHORUS AND ZINC APPLICATIONS ON, SEED QUALITY AND SEED YIELD OF SUNFLOWER (Helianthus annuus L.)
Two field experiments were conducted during 2007 and 2008 summer seasons in the farm of the Faculty of Agriculture, MansouraUniversity, to evaluate the influence of water stress, phosphorus and zinc fertilization on, seed quality, seed yield and yield components of sunflower crop using a split-split plot design with 3 replicates. The experimental field treatments were 24. The results showed that, water stress significantly decreased seed yield, 100- seed weight, seed oil and protein contents as well as seed contents of N, P, K and Zn. Whereas mineral P combined with phosphorus solubilizing bacteria (PSB) increased them except seed content of Zn which decreased with mineral P application and increased with PSB application. Foliar application of chelated zinc increased the above mentioned parameters except seed content of P.
It could be concluded that for producing a high yield and a good quality of sunflower seeds, it must be considered a suitable program of water stress, bio and mineral fertilization of P and Zn.
https://jssae.journals.ekb.eg/article_53939_ea2ffb266c04143c1fcef8367b422534.pdf
2012-04-01
483
494
10.21608/jssae.2012.53939
S. A.
Hammad
1
Soils Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Mansoura Universty.
AUTHOR
A. Y.
Negm
2
Soil and Water and Environ. Res. Inst., ARC.
AUTHOR
A. M.
El-Ghamry
3
Soils Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Mansoura Universty.
AUTHOR
M. A.
Abou seada
4
National Research Centre (NRC), Cairo, Egypt.
AUTHOR
Z. A.
Lashin
5
Soil and Water and Environ. Res. Inst., ARC.
AUTHOR