ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
SOIL LIMITATIONS AND LAND CAPABILITY CLASSIFICATION OF EL-FAYOUM GOVERNORATE
The objective of this work aims to study the land capability classification. Soil limitations factors and soil taxonomy of the soils of El-Fayoum Governorate. The studied area is abounded by longitudes 30° 20- and 31° 10` East and latitudes 29° 02` and 29° 34` north. 16 soil profiles were selected to represent the main geomorphic unites. Soil profiles were morphologically described and soil samples were physio-chemical analyzed. The taxa output were processed and sorted for soil taxonomy and land evaluation . The main results could be briefly summarized as follows:
ECe values of the studied area varied from 0.55 to 10.80 dS/m-1 indicating that the studied soils are non saline to moderately saline. Soil reaction is slightly alkaline to strongly alkaline as shown by pH values which ranged between 7.5 to 8.8. Calcium carbonate content ranged from 2 to 71.8%. Soil gypsum content varied from 1.43 to 5.29%. Soil texture classes ranged from clay to loamy sand with a dominance for clayey grade, which cover most of El-Fayoum area. Soil sodacity ranged from non-sodic to sodic, as exchangeable sodium percent (ESP) ranged from 4.86 to 25.9%. Cation exchange capacity (CEC) values ranged from 8.24 to 58.31 m.e. / 100 gm soil. Soil were classified according to the soil taxonomy system using the taxonomy key manual (USDA 2010) into three orders, i.e, Aridisols, Entisols and Vertisols.
According to the model of Sys and Verheye (1978) the estimated data of soil criteria, the suitability indices for the studied sixteen soil profiles for current and potential classes. The estimated current ratings of the studied soil profiles ranged between 35.11 and 91.2 indicating that the soils of the studied area could be categorized into three classes (1) suitable soils (S1) the rating of this calss is 91.2 - 77.16 (2) Moderately suitable (S2) the rating of this class is 72.68 – 50.87 (3) Marginally suitable soils (S3) the rating of this classis 49.64 – 35.11. Soil improvement practices should be carried out such as land leveling and removing the excess of soluble salts through applying the gypsum and leaching requirements under an efficient drainage diteches for soils suffering from salinity and alkalinity conditions. Such agro-management practices will correct the ratings of soil potential suitability class for the majority of the studied soils, to be ranged 46.75-95 and potential soil suitability becomes as follows:
Suitable soils (S1) the rating of this class is 95 - 76.5.
Moderately suitable soils (S2), the rating of this class is 66.5 – 50.75
Marginally suitable soils (S3) the rating of this class is 46.75
https://jssae.journals.ekb.eg/article_54358_ecf295d24e4655f61eed8787b7e6a76d.pdf
2012-08-01
763
778
10.21608/jssae.2012.54358
Soil Taxonomy
Land capability classification
M. S.
Zaid
1
Fac. Of Agric. Al-Azhar Univ. Cairo, Egypt.
AUTHOR
S. M.
Abd El-Rassoul
2
Soil, Water and Environment Research Inst. ARC.
AUTHOR
I. M.
Abdalla
3
Soil, Water and Environment Research Inst. ARC.
AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
GROWTH, YIELD AND CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF CUCUMBER AS AFFECTED BY USING COMPOST TEA UNDER NUTRIENT FILM TECHNIQUE
In this study an experiment was carried out in plastic house of Soils and Water Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Al-Azhar University) Nasr city, Cairo, Egypt) during successful autumn season of 2010.This study aims to investigate the possibility of using different sources of compost tea (extracted from both chicken manure and El-Obour compost) as organic nutrient supply for producing cucumber yield (Cucums sativus L.), cv. USHUAIA HYBRID (DP162) F1 comparing with inorganic Hoagland nutrient solution (control) under Nutrient Film Technique (NFT).The electrical conductivity of the all nutrient solutions was kept at 2.5 dS/m while pH was in the range of 5.5 and 6.5.
The highest vegetative growth parameters (plant height, number of leaves, chlorophyll reading, total fresh and dry weights) and total yield of cucumber plants were observed with inorganic nutrient solution followed by chicken compost tea followed by El-Obour compost tea. Concerning, fruits quality, the highest values of vitamin C content in the fruits were obtained with chicken compost tea followed by El-Obour compost tea and finally Hoagland nutrient solution whereas, titratable acidity in fruits did not reached to a significant level under different sources of solutions. On the contrary, applying Hoagland nutrient solution gave the highest values of nitrate content in cucumber fruits whereas, the lowest values of nitrate content were obtained with El-Obour compost tea followed by chicken compost tea . The highest values of calcium content, average fruit firmness and the lowest percentage of fruit weight lossafter harvesting were found with Hoagland nutrient solution, respectively. While, the lowest values of calcium content, average fruit firmness and the highest percentage of fruit weight loss after harvesting were found with El-obour compost tea followed by chicken compost tea, respectively.
This study suggested the possibility of using chicken compost tea and El-obour compost tea as safe feeding sources of organic nutrient solutions under Nutrient Film Technique (NFT).The relatively reduction in the yield can be acceptable if we take into consideration the safe use of the fruits due to low content of nitrate and heavy metals and the high content of vitamin C as well as environmental safety to benefit from these residue.
https://jssae.journals.ekb.eg/article_54356_f85871e3d68da70cfdb64e2aae7bad84.pdf
2012-08-01
779
790
10.21608/jssae.2012.54356
M. M.
Diab
1
Soils and Water Department, Faculty of Agriculture- Al-Azhar University.
AUTHOR
M. S.
Zaid
2
Soils and Water Department, Faculty of Agriculture- Al-Azhar University.
AUTHOR
A. G.
Abdou
3
Soils and Water Department, Faculty of Agriculture- Al-Azhar University.
AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
EFFECT OF N, K AND N APPLICATION TIME ON YIELD AND UPTAKE OF WHEAT PLANTS AT NORTH DELTA
A field experiment was carried out during the two successive water seasons of 2002/2003 and 2003/ 2004. The objective of this works was to study the role of N application at tillering stage and effect of K on wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) yield, uptake of N, P, K and N-recovery . The obtained results could be summarized as follows:
Grain and straw yields were highly significantly increased with increasing N level up to 120 kg N/fed. (fed=4200 m2) of the two studied wheat varieties. The highest mean values were 21.91and 30.0 ardab grain/fed, (ardab=150 kg) and 5.19 and 6.0 tons straw/fed. for Giza 168 and Sids7, respectively.
Applications of N at tillering stage in the presence of K have a high significant effect on grain and straw yields, of the two wheat varieties.
Application of N by the rates of 24, 60, 18 and 18 kg/fed. at planting, tillering, booting and milk stagesdry weight of wheat plants at maturity stage recorded the highest-mean value by about 172.2 %and 198.3 % for Giza 168 and Sids7, respectively.
Applying K increased dry matter at tillering stage, booting and maturity stage for Giza 168 and Sids7.However Sids7 pronounced Giza 168.
N, P and K-uptake by wheat plants was increased for the two studied varieties by N application up to 120 kg N/fed and applying K. Uptake of N, P and K by Sids7 surpassed Giza 168
Increasing N from 75 to 120 kg/fed increased N-recovery and recorded the highest value at tillering stage > booting >maturity stage of the two wheat varieties.
Applying N at tillering stage for Sids7, recorded high N-recovery which surpassed Giza 168 by about 18.69 %.
Applying K increased nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) by about 18.21 % and 19.24 % for Giza 168 and Sids7, respectively.
Increasing N from 75 to 120 kg/fed increased the crude protein content in grains by about 12.47 % and 16.2 % and applying K increased them by 5.48 and 7.06 % for Giza 168 and Sids7, respectively.
https://jssae.journals.ekb.eg/article_54354_acc199636436df44bf8db93504c6b5d2.pdf
2012-08-01
791
805
10.21608/jssae.2012.54354
Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)
nitrogen
potassium
tillering stage
time application
NPK Uptake
NUE
N-recovery and crude protein content%
S. E. A.
Faizy
1
Dept. of soil Sci. Fac. of Agric. Kafr El-Sheikh Univ.
AUTHOR
M. M.
RezK
2
Dept. of soil Sci. Fac. of Agric. Kafr El-Sheikh Univ.
AUTHOR
E. A. E.
Gazia
3
Soil, Water and Environment Res. Instit. A.R.C.
AUTHOR
M. M. A.
Amer
4
Soil, Water and Environment Res. Instit. A.R.C.
AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
EFFECTIVE MANAGEMENT OF FABA BEEN WATERING UNDER DIFFERENT IRRIGATION LEVELS.
A field trial was carried out at Sakha Agriculutural Research Station, Kafr El-Sheikh Governorate during the two successive winter growing seasons 2009/2010 and 2010/2011. Treatments were: A traditional irrigation (control), B irrigation based on Ibrahim equation (no- deficit) , C irrigation with 85% from Ibrahim equation (deficit ( , D irrigation with 70%from Ibrahim equation (deficit) and R: Rainfall i.e. left for rainfall following cultivation.
The main target of the current study was to investigate the influence of irrigation levels on faba bean yield, its components as well some water relations. The main finding of this study could be concluded as follows:
The highest values of water applied [irrigation water (IW) +rainfall (Rf) were recorded under treatment A (control) and the mean seasonal value was 2874.64m³/fed. (68.44cm). On the contrary, the lowest value was recorded under the conditions of rainfall (treatment R) where the seasonal value was 906.49m³/fed. (21.58 cm).
Regarding crop consumptive use (CU), the seasonal values can be arranged in descending order as; 29.95 > 29.55 > 27.19> 26.56 > 9.81 cm for B, A, C, D and R treatments, respectively.
Concerning seed yield (kg/fed.), the highest mean values were recorded under irrigation treatment A and the value was 1102.71 kg/fed. On the other hand, the lowest value was recorded under the conditions of rainfall with treatment R and the seasonal value was 503.86 kg/fed.
Regarding all studied parameters, the treatment B which irrigated based on Ibrahim equation gave the highest number of pods 16.1/plant. While the treatment A of traditional irrigation gave the highest plant height 101.1 cm, number of branches 6.7and 100-seed weight 74.9 g. On the other hand , the lowest mean values were recorded under irrigation treatment R which left for rainfall during the growing season after planting irrigation.
https://jssae.journals.ekb.eg/article_54355_07f267af09393558cded83952a2c5284.pdf
2012-08-01
807
814
10.21608/jssae.2012.54355
E. M.
El-Hadidi
1
Mans. Univ. Soil Dept.
AUTHOR
M. M.
Kassab
2
Agric. Res. Station – Kafr El - Sheikh
AUTHOR
Sara M.
El- Tobgy
3
Mans. Univ. Soil Dept.
AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
EFFECT Of NITROGEN, SODIUM, CALCIUM AND THEIR INTERACTION ON YIELD AND COMPOSITION OF TOMATO FRUIT.
Sandy culture experiment was conducted at Fac. of Agric., Mansoura University during the two summer successive seasons of 2010 and 2011 aimed to investigate the effect of N ( 30.0 and 150.0 ppm ) , Na ( 0.0 and 4.0 meq / l) and Ca ( 0.0, 5.0, 10.0 and 20.0 meq / l) in nutrient solution and their interaction on tomato fruit composition. Combination between the studied factors levels comprise sixteen treatments which were arranged in a split split block design with 3 replicates .
The obtained results can be summarized in the following :-
Significant increase in tomato fruit numbers amounted by 19.72 % in the first season and 19.49 for the second one, where the total yield increases were 18.89 and 18.64 for first and second season, respectively . So fruit weight average significantly varied due to N level increase from 30.0 ppm to 150.0 ppm ( 29.12 and 15.41 % increase in the first and second season, respectively ) .
Sodium application (4.0 meq /l )reduced total yield of tomato fruit by 5.16 % in the first season and a slight increase than that was found in the second one (5.5 % reduction ).
N content of tomato fruit was increased from 2.53 to 3.09 % ( 22.13 % increase ) in the first season and from 2.70 to 3.19 % (18.15 % increase) in the second season due to N level increase in nutrient solution from 30. to 150.0 ppm.
sodium level of 4.0 meq / l in nutrient solution significantly reduced N, P, and K content of tomato fruits.
Potassium content of tomato fruits was decresed as nutrient solution Ca increase up to the highest level used (20.0 meq /l ) in both season. 20.0 meq / l Ca decreased potassium content of tomato fruit by 5.56 and 4.79 %, compared with control, in the first and second season, respectively .
Neither statistically effect nor constant trend was found on total Ca resulting from increasing the nitrogen level from 30.0 to 150.0 meq /l in both seasons.
NaCl -Ca took the opposite trend of total calcium, where NaCl -Ca of tomato fruits was increased (5.07 % increase), in the first season and decreased (4.72% decrease) in the second one due to the same increase in N level (from 30.0 to 150.0 meq /l).
HAC-Ca, HCl-Ca and Res-Ca showed a constant trend against N level increase in both seasons. 4.0 meq /l treatment significantly increased all Ca forms in tomato fruit in both seasons, compared with that of no sodium addition .
10.0 meq / l treatment achieved the highest values of total Ca in both season ( 1726.24 and 1768.78 ppm for the first and second season , respectively ).
A concomitant increase in Eth-Ca with increasing Ca level in nutrient solution up to 10.0 meq / l then slightly decreased with 20.0 meq / l treatment in both seasons.
A strongly increasing trend in NaCl – Ca by increasing Ca level in nutrient solution from 0.0 Ca addition to 5.0 meq /l in nutrient solution (from 883.6 to 1253.48 and from 926.74 to 1222.90 , in the first and second season, respectively ) . Lower decreasing rate (from 1396.25 to 1295.65 and from 1330.26 to 1256.98 ppm , in the first and second season, respectively ) was found regarding to NaCl – Ca form with increasing Ca level from 10.0 to 20.0 meq Ca /l .
In both seasons Ca oxalate was significantly increased with increasing Ca level from 0.0 to 10.0 meq /l in nutrient solution, these increases appreciated by 276.49 and 275.33 % in the first and second season , respectively . A significant decrease in tomato fruit calcium oxalate due to increasing Ca in nutrient solution from 10.0 to 20.0 meq /l ( 26.62% and 25.93% increase in the first and second season respectively ) .
https://jssae.journals.ekb.eg/article_54361_9f50f26890f0431356cb8d0c7a3c1e2c.pdf
2012-08-01
815
827
10.21608/jssae.2012.54361
nitrogen
sodium
calcium
Nutrient solution
Sandy culture
tomato fruits
G.
Labeeb
1
Soils Dept., Fac. of Agriculture, Mansoura Univ., Egypt.
AUTHOR
Amira A.
Kasem
2
Plant Nutrition Dept., Soil, Water and Enviro. Res, Inst, Agric. Res. Center.
AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
EFFECT OF NITROGEN, HUMIC ACID AND BIO-FERTILIZATION ON PRODUCTIVITY AND QUALITY OF FABA BEAN UNDER SALINE CONDITION
Two field experiments were conducted during 2010/2011and 2011/2012 seasons in saline soil in Galbana Village, Sahl- El Tina (North Sinai), Egypt to study the efficiency of nitrogen, (N) fertilizers or Humic acid either separately or in combination with (N) as well as humic acid associated with Bio- and N fertilization on yield and yield components of two Egyptian faba bean (Vicia faba L.) varieties namely Giza 716 and Sakha 3. Chemical composition, seed quality and some chemical properties of soil were also investigated. The results show that the characters of faba bean plants such as, plant height (cm), 100–seed weight (g), seed yield/plant (g), seed yield (ardab/ fed) and germination %, shoot and radical length (cm), fresh and dry weight of seedling (g), electrical conductivity for seeds (EC) and chemical composition of seeds (Protein and carbohydrate content as %) were significantly by application of the different treatments compared to the control treatment. The Macro elements (N, P and K %) and micro elements concentration (Fe, Mn, Zn and Cu) in seeds and stem were significant increased due to application of the different treatment when compared to the control treatment. Also, the results showed that the treatment of (Humic acid + Bio + N) gave the higher value of seed yield/ plant (62.0 g) compared to control (39.1 g) as well as germination percentage were improved also by application of (Humic acid + Bio + N) (81.0% and 76.7%) compared to treatment control (62% and 59%) in Giza 716 and Sakha 3, respectively. Concerning some chemical properties, the results show that the values of pH of the soil was decreased (8.0 ppm) deu to application of humic acid + N. While the available manganese was increase in soil when this treatment was Also , Application of different treatments enhanced the availability of macro elements such as ( N, P and k), maicro elements ( Fe, Zn, Mn and Cu) under studied soil.
https://jssae.journals.ekb.eg/article_54364_a41ce8434e3192e9e7296b595c2f8d6b.pdf
2012-08-01
829
843
10.21608/jssae.2012.54364
Faba bean
NPK fertilizers
humic acid and Bioferilizatio
M. A.
Bayoumi
1
Soils, Water and Environ. Research Institute, Giza, Egypt.
AUTHOR
T. A.
Selim
2
Legume Dept., Field Crops Research Institute, Giza, Egypt.
AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
UTILIZATION OF SALT AFFECTED SOILS FOR WHEAT-RICE PRODUCTION IN ARID REGION OF EGYPT
A field experiment was conducted on a salt affected soil at Hussienia south plain, Sharkia Governorate, during two successive seasons winter 2008/2009 and summer 2009 to evaluate the effect of soil amendments i.e., gypsum and sulfur applied individually or combined with different nitrogen sources i.e., urea formaldehyde, urea and ammonium sulfate at three rates 75 %, 100% or 125 % N from the recommended dose for wheat plants. Rice was grown in the same plots without any further application of the aforementioned soil amendments to study their residual effects on straw and grain yields as well as uptake of N, P and K. Results showed that the soil amendments significantly improved the straw and grain yields of wheat as well as N, P and K uptake by both straw and grain compared to the control treatment. Also, it was found that straw, grain and N,P and K uptake by plants increased with increasing rates of nitrogen sources application and the highest values were achieved at a rate of 125 % N from the recommended dose. The combination between soil amendments and nitrogen sources produced higher values of straw, grain yields and N, P and K uptake values, compared to the soil amendments or nitrogen sources alone and the control. The highest values of straw and grain yields as well as N,P and K uptake by wheat plants were recorded by the combined application of urea formaldehyde at a rate of 125% from recommended dose + gypsum. Concerning the residual effect of soil amendments, the results revealed that the straw and grain yields as well as N, P and K uptake by rice plants were significantly enhanced with the application of nitrogen fertilizer combined with the residual effect of the used soil amendments. However, the higher values of the abovementioned parameters were obtained due to the residual effect of sulfur combined with nitrogen fertilizer. The soil samples analyzed after both wheat and rice harvesting showed that the residual effect of gypsum or sulfur significantly reduced the soil ECe, ESP and pH. From the results, it could be recommended that the application of 125% N from recommended dose especially in the slow release combined with soils amendments were required for wheat and rice grown on new reclaimed salt affected soils as well as reduced soil ECe, ESP and pH.
https://jssae.journals.ekb.eg/article_54366_d001036a9ee18db72d054f92d02c7000.pdf
2012-08-01
845
860
10.21608/jssae.2012.54366
M. S.
Awaad
1
Soils, Water &Environment Res. Inst., Agric. Res. Center, Giza, Egypt
AUTHOR
F. A.
Farag
2
Soils, Water &Environment Res. Inst., Agric. Res. Center, Giza, Egypt
AUTHOR
A. O. A.
Ismail
ahmedosman62@yahoo.com
3
Soils, Water &Environment Res. Inst., Agric. Res. Center, Giza, Egypt
AUTHOR
M. A.
Bayoumi
4
Soils, Water &Environment Res. Inst., Agric. Res. Center, Giza, Egypt
AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
EFFECT OF PLANTING METHODS ON PRODUCTIVITY OF THREE RICE CULTIVARS AND IRRIGATION WATER USE EFFICIENCY IN NORTH DELTA
Two field experiments were conducted at Water Management Research Station at El-Karada, Kafrelshiekh, Egypt, during 2009 and 2010 seasons, to study the effect of three planting patterns on productivity of three rice cultivars (Sakha101, Sakha105 and Hybrid 1) and some water relations. Rice seedling were transplanted in hills with the optimum plant population (25hills/m2) and distributed on flat soil (Traditional method), two sides of 60 cm ridges and two sides of 80 cm beds.
The three rice cultivars exhibited significant differences in grain and straw yields in both seasons. The Hybrid 1 cultivar out-yielded the other two cultivars in the two seasons. There was no significant difference in grain and straw yields between Sakha101, Sakha105 cultivars. However, the three rice cultivars did not differ in harvest index in both seasons. Planting methods had no significant effect on grain yield, straw yield and harvest index in the two seasons.
Although, beds pattern was equivalent to traditional method in grain yield, beds pattern was lower in amount of applied irrigation water and it saved 2790 and 2501 m3/fed applied water than the traditional method in the two seasons. Water application efficiency for grain yield was increased by application of beds irrigations compared with traditional irrigation. The cultivar Sakha105 recorded the lowest amount of applied irrigation water at any planting patterns. The cultivar hybrid1 transplanted on beds recorded the highest water use efficiency in both seasons.
It can be concluded that transplanting the rice cultivar " hybrid1" on two sides of 80 cm beds was the recommended for optimum grain yield with less amount of applied irrigation water at Kafr El-Sheikh Governorate.
https://jssae.journals.ekb.eg/article_54363_e390278a169a897832d6c897854e320f.pdf
2012-08-01
861
868
10.21608/jssae.2012.54363
M. H.
Ibrahim
1
Agron. Dept., Fac. of Agric., Kafrelsheikh Univ., Egypt.
AUTHOR
M. E.
Meleha
2
Water Management Res. Inst., National Water Res. Center, Cairo, Egypt.
AUTHOR
A. A.
Ahmed
3
Agron. Dept., Fac. of Agric., Kafrelsheikh Univ., Egypt.
AUTHOR
M. F.
Ragab
4
Irrigation Advisory Service (IAS) Department for Middle Delta, Egypt.
AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
DESIGN AND EVALUATION OF A PNEUMATIC FISH FEED DISTRIBUTOR FOR EGYPTIAN FISH FARMS
A pneumatic fish feed distributor was designed and locally fabricated for Egyptian fish farms to ensure all the fish have equal access to the feed and avoid the manual feeding problems. The performance of the designed pneumatic fish feed distributor was evaluated based on fish pellet degradation, uniformity of fish feed distribution pattern and performance of feeding method. The evaluation was calculated at different operation conditions including different blower air speeds from 10 to 20 m/s, forward speed from 2.62 to 6.39 km/h (from 0.73 to 1.78 m/s, respectively) and feed rates from 10 to 25 kg/min.
The obtained results lead to the conclusion that:
Using of pneumatic fish feed distributor gave the best results of feed distribution pattern uniformity, eliminated feed breakage wasted as dust and saved about 35%, in fish feeding cost under the optimum operating conditions of air blower speed of 15 m/s, forward speed ranging from 2.53 to 3.42 km/h and feed rate ranging from 20 to 25 kg/min.
Using mechanical feeding method (pneumatic fish feed distributor) gained 208.18 ± 24.25 g as an average fish mass with coefficient of variation (C.V) about 11.47% and better feed conversion ratio (FCR) of 1.63 comparing with 183.46 ± 42.73g fish mass with C.V about 23.29% and poor FCR of 1.94 gained by using the hand feeding method at the end of production cycle.
Using of pneumatic fish feed distributor is more suitable and acceptable mechanical feeding method to ensure that all the fish have equal access and similar opportunity to the feed which achieving higher uniformity in growth rate and good feed conversion ratio. In addition, it helps avoiding the manual feeding problems of water pollution due to eliminating waste of pellets dissolved in the water and reduces the feeding labor and cost. Consequently, it increases the benefit margins of fish farm production. Therefore, it is recommended to use pneumatic fish feed distributor under the previous optimum operating conditions.
https://jssae.journals.ekb.eg/article_54359_ab1b5492615383b8c204a98d9a0528e2.pdf
2012-08-01
869
884
10.21608/jssae.2012.54359
M. E.
El-Iraqi
1
Agric. Eng. Res. Inst., Agric. Res. Center, Egypt
AUTHOR