ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
RESPONSE OF SOME FIELD CROPS TO PROPER TILLAGE UNDER SALT AFFECTED SOILS IN NORTH NILE DELTA
A field trial was conducted at Al-Hamool region, Kafr El-Sheikh Governorate, Egypt, during the two successive growing seasons 2009 and 2009/2010. The main goal of the present work is to study the effect of improving drainage conditions and chemical, physical properties of studied soil. Consequently, cultivation new crops in this area such as faba bean in winter season and new variety of hybrid rice as a summer crop. In the summer season, the soil was treated before transplanting of rice with the following treatments: 1. subsoiling, 2. subsoiling + application of 1.5 ton gypsum fed-1, ,3. subsoiling + application of 1 ton gypsum fed-1. + 50 kg calcium super phosphate, 4. subsoiling + 200 kg phosphogypsum fed-1 (byproduct of acid production). In the winter season faba bean variety Sakha 2 was planted and the treatments were: 1. control, 2. 100 kg calcium superphosphate 15.5% + 1 ton gypsum fed-1. + 100 kg phosphogypsum fed-1., 3. 100 kg calcium superphosphate 15.5% + 1 ton gypsum fed-1, 4. 200 kg phosphogypsum, 5. 100 kg calcium superphosphate 15.5% + 100 kg phosphogypsum, 6. 1.0 ton gypsum fed-1, 7. 1 ton gypsum fed-1 + 200 kg phosphogypsum, 8. 200 kg calcium superphosphate 15.5% fed-1
The main results of the present study can be summarized as follows:
Decreasing the mean values of exchangeable sodium percentage (ESP) as a result of application of soil amendments.
Increasing the mean values of total porosity, hydraulic conductivity and lowering the level of water table depth from soil surface.
The losses of ammonium cation (NH4+) was decreased while the loss of nitrate ion, was increased.
Decreasing salinity of groundwater after rice and faba bean cultivation.
The production of hybrid rice was high under the conditions of this soil. The highest mean value is 5.7 tons fed-1 with the subsoiling combined with application of 200 kg phosphogypsum fed-1.
The production of faba bean was increased as a result of decreasing salinity of this soil with cultivation a high tolerant variety (Sakha 2) to salinity and the highest mean value is 12.0 ton fed-1 under application of 100 kg calcium superphosphate 15.5% + 1 ton gypsum fed-1 + 100 kg phosphogypsum fed-1.
From the abovementioned results, it could be recommended to give more care to the conditions of drainage and good farming practices for these soils with addition of soil amendments such as gypsum, calcium superphosphate and phosphogypsum, and cultivating new crop varieties that is tolerant to salinity for obtaining high productivity.
https://jssae.journals.ekb.eg/article_55639_5ec4f057d9f9cb33ee8fe5581485401f.pdf
2011-05-01
441
453
10.21608/jssae.2011.55639
Proper tillage
Salt affected soils
subsoiling
gypsum
phosphogypsum
A. A. S.
Gendy
1
Soils, Water and Environment Res. Inst., Agric. Res. Center, Giza, Egypt
AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
IMPROVING THE FIELD PERFORMANCE OF THE DISINTEGRATOR TAPER-PINS HAMMER MILL
Disintegrator taper-pins hammer mills are designed for milling of grain into flour or to act as part of a feed preparation system. This mills is easy to operate, maintain and it can do excellent work without much heating but they are somewhat producing a coarse meal. The main factor limits the application of this type of hammer mills is their production of a wide range of particle sizes (non- homogenous fineness degree of milled products). This type of production could be used only for direct feeding, but it is not appropriate for processing the pelleted feeds. So, it is difficult and costly to obtain fine grinding form without repeat the grinding process for two or three times depending upon the fineness requirement, which in turn, increase grinding power and energy requirements. This research aims to improve the performance of the disintegrator taper-pins hammer mill, through a mechanical vibrating feeding unite to accurately facilitate the grains feeding rate during the grinding process, especially when the grains contains higher ratio of damaged seeds and/or higher moisture content. The study also aims to examine the effect of some operating parameters on the modified machine productivity, power and energy requirements. Milled quality in term of (particle size distribution and fineness degrees) during the milling operation was also considered. The results revealed that, the optimum values for the operation conditions were obtained at hammers speed of 39.6 m/s and mill feeding rate of 0.4 ton/h. At these levels, the best results of productivity rate (ton/h), power consumption (kW) and energy requirements (kWh/ton) were obtained. When corn milling for direct feeding, the mill should be operated at optimum operational conditions with sieve size more than 4.8 mm. Meanwhile, sieve sizes of 3.2 and 4.8 mm may be used when corn milling for processing of pelleted feeds. Theoretical analysis results reveled that, the optimum power required for operating the machine must be not less than 3.26 kW. These results proved that, the proper operating parameters corresponded with theoretical considerations as the relevant for machine operation.
https://jssae.journals.ekb.eg/article_55636_8558ad57d4681672ccc4535200089949.pdf
2011-05-01
455
469
10.21608/jssae.2011.55636
Magda M.
Abd El-Rahman
1
Agric. Eng. Res. Inst. (AEnRI); Agric. Res. Center (ARC), Dokki, Giza. Egypt.
AUTHOR
A. B.
El-Nagar
2
Agric. Eng. Res. Inst. (AEnRI); Agric. Res. Center (ARC), Dokki, Giza. Egypt.
AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
THE ROLE OF ANTIOXIDANTS IN DROUGHT TOLERANCE OF TWO NON-SUCCULENT XEROPHYTIC SPECIES , Launaea spinosa (FORSSK.) SCH. BIP. EX KUNTZE AND Leptadenia pyrotechnica (FORSSK.) DECNE.
Enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidants effect were studied in two non-succulent xerophytes, Launaea spinosa and Leptadenia pyrotechinca growing naturally at wadi Hagul eastern desert of Egypt .The data revealed that catalase, peroxidase, polyphenol oxidase as well as ᾳ-tocopherol were higher during dry than wet season. The reverse was true for ascorbic acid.
https://jssae.journals.ekb.eg/article_55641_7bc4a55072aa15eb4c8a64de8c26b82e.pdf
2011-05-01
471
477
10.21608/jssae.2011.55641
Fawzia A. A.
Ebad
1
Botany Dept., Faculty of Science, (Girls Branch) Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt.
AUTHOR
Zeinab A.
Khidr
2
Botany Dept., Faculty of Science, (Girls Branch) Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt.
AUTHOR
A. M.
Ahmed
3
Desert Research Center, Mataria, Cairo, Egypt.
AUTHOR
Hend A. Y.
El-Khawaga
4
Botany Dept., Faculty of Science, (Girls Branch) Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt.
AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
METABOLIC ADJUSTMENT STRATEGY IN TWO NON-SUCCULENT XEROPHYTIC SPECIES GROWING UNDER DROUGHT CONDITIONS
The present work was designed to study ecophysiological responses of two non-succulent xerophytes, Launaea spinosa and Leptadenia pyrotechnica growing naturally in wadi Hagul, estern desert of Egypt during dry and wet seasons. The results revealed that organic constituents including, crude protein, free amino acids and nucleic acids were generally increased during wet season in the studied species. However, soluble protein, was significantly higher during dry season. Concentrations of protein amino acids, at both seasons of Launaea spinosa were greater than that of Leptadenia pyrotechnica. Electrophoretic protein fractions showed variations due to the differences in growing seasons.
https://jssae.journals.ekb.eg/article_55642_2ec07befb4077f89cc342749bba32fa9.pdf
2011-05-01
479
493
10.21608/jssae.2011.55642
Fawzia A. A.
Ebad
1
Botany Dept., Faculty of Science, (Girls Branch) Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt.
AUTHOR
Zeinab A.
Khidr
2
Botany Dept., Faculty of Science, (Girls Branch) Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt.
AUTHOR
A. M.
Ahmed
3
Desert Research Center, Mataria, Cairo, Egypt.
AUTHOR
Hend A. Y.
El-Khawaga
4
Botany Dept., Faculty of Science, (Girls Branch) Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt.
AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
AERODYNAMIC PROPERTIES OF SOME OILSEEDS CROPS UNDER DIFFERENT MOISTURE CONDITIONS
This study was carried out to evaluate some aerodynamic properties of some oilseeds (peanut kernels, soybean and cotton seeds) under different moisture conditions. Peanut kernels were conditioned to moisture contents of 6.1, 9.3, 16.0, 28.4 and 34.9% (w.b.), soybean seeds to 7.8, 14.4, 21.0, 26.0 and 31.8% (w.b.) and cotton seeds to 6.4, 8.6, 10.8 and 12.5% (w.b.). Aerodynamic properties such as terminal velocity, Reynold's number and drag coefficient were determined for all tested seeds as a function of moisture content. The results revealed that the measured aerodynamic properties are significantly affected by moisture contents for the three tested oil crops. When the moisture content increased the terminal velocity and Reynold's number increased for all investigated seeds. However, the drag coefficient did not show a consistent trend with moisture content increment for peanut kernels and soybean seeds. While, it decreased for cotton seeds with moisture content increment.
https://jssae.journals.ekb.eg/article_55480_764f4c6a61acbf12494d72b6c586e7f1.pdf
2011-05-01
495
507
10.21608/jssae.2011.55480
Aerodynamic properties
Oilseeds
Moisture content, Peanut, Soybean, Cotton seeds
R. A.
El-Gamal
1
Agric. Eng. Dept., Fac. Agric., Suez Canal Univ., Ismailia, Egypt
AUTHOR
S. M. A.
Radwan
2
Agric. Eng. Dept., Fac. Agric., Suez Canal Univ., Ismailia, Egypt
AUTHOR
M. S.
ElAmir
3
Agric. Eng. Dept., Fac. Agric., Suez Canal Univ., Ismailia, Egypt
AUTHOR
G. M. A.
El-Masry
4
Agric. Eng. Dept., Fac. Agric., Suez Canal Univ., Ismailia, Egypt
AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
INFLUENCE OF SALT STRESS ON THE GROWTH, ELEMENTS CONTENTS AND ANTIOXIDATIVE ENZYMES ACTIVITIES OF PEA (Pisum sativum L. ) PLANT GROWN IN SAND CULTURE.
Pot experiment was carried out at Faculty of Agriculture, El Bostan, AlexandriaUniversity, in order to evaluate the effect of irrigation with NaCl solutions on the growth characters, elements contents and antioxidative enzymes activities of pea (Pisum sativum variety Master B) plant grown in sand culture.
Split plot layout, in randomized completely block design, experiment with six replicates was carried out. The concentrations of NaCl in irrigation water were 00, 25, 50, 75 and 100 mM prepared in a base nutrient solution.
Seeds of pea were sown in a plastic pot containing 2 kg prewashed sand. Two samples of plants (3 for each) were collected at 20 and 27 days after sowing (DAS) for determination of the growth characters, the concentrations of Na+, K+, Mg2+ and Ca2+ and the activities of antioxidative enzymes: catalase (CAT), pyroxidase (POD) and ascorbate peroxidase (APX) in leaves and root of the plant.
The obtained results showed significant decrease in the fresh and dry weights of leaves and root, plant height and leaf area with increasing NaCl concentration treatments. In addition, the concentrations of Na+, K+ and Mg2+ were lower in leaves than in root while those of Ca2+ were higher in leaves than in root of both 20 and 27 DAS plants.
The results showed significant reductions in the activity of CAT enzyme in leaves and root of 20 and 27 DAS plants with increasing salinity. The lowest significant CAT activities were found with 100 mM NaCl treatment which represented values of relative reduction of 20.2 and 10.4% in leaves and 24.3 and 34.2% in root, respectively.
There were significant increase in the activity of POD in leaves of 20 DAS plants and no significant change in leaves of 27 DAS plants with increasing salinity. The highest significant level of POD activity in leaves of 20 DAS plants (132.3 µM H2O2 min-1. mg-1 protein) was found with 100 mM NaCl treatment which represented a relative increase of 16.6%. However, for 20 DAS plant, there were no significant variations in POD activity in plant root due to NaCl treatments while for 27 DAS plants, there were significant decreases in POD activity with increasing salinity. The lowest significant level of POD activity in root of 27 DAS plants (1778 µM H2O2 min-1 mg-1 protein) was found with 100 mM NaCl treatment which represented a relative reduction in POD activity of 35.3%.
There were significant decreases in the activity of APX enzyme in leaves and root of 20 and 27 DAS plants with increasing salinity. The lowest significant levels were found with 100mM NaCl treatment which represented values of relative reduction in APX activity of 33.9 and 41.5% in leaves and 27.0 and 33.1% in root of 20 and 27 DAS plants, respectively.
https://jssae.journals.ekb.eg/article_55634_cd44154db27aace693ef8701b609bc35.pdf
2011-05-01
509
525
10.21608/jssae.2011.55634
Antioxidative enzymes
catalase
peroxidase
Ascorbate peroxidase
salt stress
Pea plant
I. H.
Elsokkary
1
Dept. Of Soil and Water Sci., Fac. Agric., Alex. Univ., egypt.
AUTHOR
E.
Abd El Raouf
2
Dept. Of Soil and Water Sci., Fac. Agric., Alex. Univ., egypt.
AUTHOR
A.
Mourad
3
Dept. Of Soil and Water Sci., Fac. Agric., Alex. Univ., egypt.
AUTHOR
A.
Abdelhady
4
Dept. Of Soil and Water Sci., Fac. Agric., Alex. Univ., egypt.
AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
DOES THE BIOSORPTION PROCESS ABLE TO MITIGATE HEAVY METALS STRESS ?
There is a lack of information concerning the effect of biosorption process on plant growth under heavy metals stress. For this purpose, a hydroponic experiment was carried out to evaluate the ability of cotton stalks pretreated with sodium hydroxide as a biosorbent material on mitigating harmful effects of Cd, Pb and Ni on some vegetable crops. The experiment was consisted of three hydroponic treatments i.e., contaminated nutrient solution with or without the biosorbent material, and the control treatment (uncontaminated nutrient solution). The biosrbent material removed considerable amounts of heavy metals from the contaminated nutrient solution, especially Pb2+ ions. Heavy metals contamination reduced fresh and dry weights of shoots and roots. Macro- and micronutrients concentration has been affected by heavy metals contamination. The accumulation of heavy metals increased extremely in roots as compared with shoots. Heavy metals concentration in roots reached the excessive levels, in particular, in the second treatment (without biosorbent material). The biosorbent material reduced the accumulation of Pb and Ni in shoots and roots. However, the concentration of Cd increased.
In conclusion, cotton stalks pretreated with sodium hydroxide could be a promising biosorbent material for the removal of heavy metals from wastewater prior to irrigation.
https://jssae.journals.ekb.eg/article_55644_985bdedb4315e878c8a709fa7de50bf8.pdf
2011-05-01
527
540
10.21608/jssae.2011.55644
Chemically modified cotton stalks
Biosorbent
heavy metals uptake
vegetable crops
A. A.
Mosa
1
Soils Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Mansoura University.
AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
AMELIORATING CALCAREOUS SOIL PROPERTIES AND AGRICULTURE METHODS FOR ACHIEVING THE SUSTAINABLE AGRICULTURE ASPECT
The main objective of this investigation was to ameliorate calcareous soil properties, i.e., some hydrophysical and chemical properties of the sandy loam soil by using organic manure, i.e., composted rice straw at rate of 7.87 Mg f-1 +50%NPK and chicken manure at rate of 4.08 Mg f-1 +50%NPK as well as applying some agriculture methods, i.e., lines and prose for achieving the sustainable agriculture aspect. The field experiments were conducted in private farm of El Nubaria area, El-Behera Governorate, Egypt. Yield of wheat crop as well as the concentrations of micronutrient in straw and grains was determined.
Application of either composted rice straw or chicken manure significantly improved the hydrophysical properties of the tested soil, i.e., bulk density, total porosity, pore size distribution, soil water retention and hydraulic conductivity. Composted rice straw has a preference to improve the hydrophysical properties compared to chicken manure. In addition, methods of agriculture treatments had no significant effect on soil hydrophysical properties.Concerning the effect of organic fertilizers application along with applying lines agriculture on pH, ECe, OM and CaCO3 content and chemically available Fe, Mn, zn and Cu in the cultivated soil, chicken manure was better than composted rice straw.
Grain and straw yields of wheat plants as well as concentrations of Fe, Mn, zn and Cu in straw or in grains of wheat were significantly increased due to organic fertilizers application and use of lines agriculture methods. Lines agricultural method gave 5.70 % greater grain yield and 3.54 % straw yield over the prose agricultural method. Lines methods emphasized the role of applied organic manure on improving soil properties and consequently, increasing the availability of Fe, Mn, Zn and Cu in the calcareous soil. Where, lines agriculture method was the best treatments compared to prose method, which reduces the growth of roots and plant.
In general, the study recommends using the chicken manure (4.08 Mg f-1+50% NPK "recommended rate") or composted rice straw (7.87 Mg f-1+ 50% NPK "recommended rate") with lines agriculture methods, which will give better results in increasing the productivity of calcareous soils. Thus, these treatments can replace entirely or partially N, P and K mineral fertilizers, which reduce production costs and conserve the environment from chemical pollution hazards on human and animal health.
https://jssae.journals.ekb.eg/article_55631_c72b733f4fdfc6e6ebd79a4b55df33ca.pdf
2011-05-01
541
554
10.21608/jssae.2011.55631
Agricultural sustainable
Calcareous soil
chicken manure
method of agriculture
Micronutrients
rice straw compost
soil physical and chemical properties
Wheat
T. A.
El-Maghraby
1
Soils, Water and Environment Res. Inst., Agric. Res. Center, Giza, Egypt.
AUTHOR
S. M.
Shaaban
2
Water Relations and Field Irrigation Dept., National Res. Centre, Cairo, Egypt
AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
EFFECT OF P AND ZN FERTILIZATION ON WHEAT YIELD AND NUTRIENT UPTAKE IN CALCAREOUS SOIL
Field experiments were conducted for two seasons in the calcareous soil located at the experimental farm, of Al-Galaa location, West of Nubaria, Alexandria Governorate, Egypt. Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) was used as an experimental plant. The current work aims to evaluate the effect of P and Zn fertilization and their interaction on the soil chemical properties i.e., pH, EC, organic matter content, availability of P, Zn, Fe, Mn, and Cu as well as translocation and agronomic Efficiency (AE). Apparent nutrient recovery (ANR) for phosphorus and zinc, marketable wheat yield, crop index and harvest index were also determined. On the other hand, soil zinc behavior was evaluated by sequential extraction and the interactions between Zn and Fe as well as Mn and Cu in calcareous soil was considered. Significant differences were found between all parameters investigated.
Application of rock phosphate enriched with humic acid and inoculated with phosphorous dissolved bacteria as P-humate was more effective on soil chemical characteristics especially when combined with Zn-humate. Application of rock phosphate was of lower effect on all parameters studied than superphosphate. These beneficial effects were positively reflected on each of the studied plant parameters of wheat grown on calcareous soils under consideration.
https://jssae.journals.ekb.eg/article_55481_1b4482511ef00a1085d5559ea34b9e93.pdf
2011-05-01
555
569
10.21608/jssae.2011.55481
phosphorus fertilization
Zinc fertilization
Wheat plants
Calcareous Soils
Laila K. M.
Ali
1
Soils, Water and Environment Res. Inst., Agric. Res. Center (ARC), Giza, Egypt
AUTHOR
Nadia A.
Mohamed
2
Soils, Water and Environment Res. Inst., Agric. Res. Center (ARC), Giza, Egypt
AUTHOR
T. A.
El-Maghraby
3
Soils, Water and Environment Res. Inst., Agric. Res. Center (ARC), Giza, Egypt
AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
EFFECT OF ENDOMYCORRHIZAL FUNGI ON MAIZE PLANTS UNDER DIFFERENT LEVELS OF SALINITY
A greenhouse experiment was conducted to study the effect of two isolates of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus (G3 and G4, Glomus intraradices ) on the maize (Zea mays L.) growth, Na and some nutrients uptake in shoots, and roots content of salicylic acid, proline, arginine, phenylalanine and soluble sugar under Na Cl stress. Plants were subjected to four levels of salt stress (0.4, 2.0, 4.0 and 6.0 dSm-1), one week after germination.
Mycorrhizal inoculation significantly reduced Na uptake in maize shoots. AMF treatments significantly increased salicylic acid content in roots (G3: 66.7 and 95.6%) and (G4: 17.4 and 50.4%) under 4.0 and 6.0 dSm-1, respectively, more than the non-inoculated ones at the end of the experiment. Proline and soluble sugar contents in roots showed pronounced increases. N and P uptake in AM shoots significantly increased under salt stress, as compared to the non-inoculated plants. Results conclusively indicate that mycorrhizal inoculation increased the salt stress tolerance of maize plants.
https://jssae.journals.ekb.eg/article_55479_eadc362c6f5f8de944e8413df5e9e965.pdf
2011-05-01
571
584
10.21608/jssae.2011.55479
Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi
Salicylic acid
salt stress
Maize
Amal
Aboul-Nasr
a.aboulnasr@gmail.com
1
Agric. Botany Dept., Fac. Agric., Saba- Basha, Alex. Univ.,Egypt
AUTHOR
A.
Amrir
2
Dept. Soil and Soil Reclamation, Fac. Agric., Al Fourat Univ., Syria
AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
SOME WHEAT VARIETIES RESPONSE TO NITROGEN FERTILIZATION LEVELS AND ITS EFFECT ON N-UPTAKE
A field experiment was conducted at Sakha Agricultural Research Station farm, Kafr El-Sheikh Governorate, Egypt during 2008/2009 winter season, to assess response of some wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) varieties to the nitrogen fertilization levels by determining the dry plant weight, daily increase, N% in the dry matter, nitrogen uptake during the growing periods and nitrogen uptake during the physiological stages. Split plot design with four replicates was used, the main plots were assigned by four wheat varieties of Gimiza 9, Sakha 61, Sakha 93 and Giza 168. The subplots were assigned by four nitrogen levels of 0, 30, 60 and 90 kg N fed.1 (ha = 2.4 fed.). Eight plant samples were collected during the growth periods to determine the previous traits.
The obtained results can be summarized as follow:
Gimiza 9 and Giza 168 had the higher dry plant weight of 6.64 and 6.95 (g/plant) compared to Sakha 61 and Sakha 93 of 5.97 and 5.98 (g/plant).
Dry plant weight was increased with increasing nitrogen levels.
The highest daily increase of Gimiza 9 was (138 mg/day) at 97-111 days period, Sakha 61 was (97 mg/day) at 69-83 days period, Sakha 93 was (102 mg/day) at 83-97 days period and Giza 168 was (140 mg/day) at 61-69 days periods.
Nitrogen % was higher in the first growth period and decreased with time and was increased with increasing the nitrogen levels.
Giza 168 had the highest nitrogen uptake (145.27 mg N/plant) there was no significant difference between Gimiza 9, Sakha 61 and Sakha 93.
Nitrogen uptake was increased from 71.16 to 129.04, 158.18 and 173.3 (mg N/plant) with increasing the nitrogen levels from 0 to 30, 60 and 90 kg N fed.-1 respectively.
Gimiza 9 absorbed 23.57% of total nitrogen uptake at tillering, 46.12% at head development stage and 30.32% at flowering stage.
Sakha 61 absorbed 26.06%, 49.19% and 24.76% from total nitrogen uptake at tillering, head development and flowering stages, respectively.
Sakha 93 absorbed 23.55%, 42.22% and 34.23% from total nitrogen uptake at tillering, head development and flowering stages, respectively.
Giza 168 absorbed 22.54%, 46.34% and 31.12% from total nitrogen uptake at tillering, head development and flowering stages, respectively.
https://jssae.journals.ekb.eg/article_55482_a21e4e5658950e497350cd2e7330c7f0.pdf
2011-05-01
585
596
10.21608/jssae.2011.55482
Wheat varieties
N fertilization
N uptake
R. E.
Knany
1
Soils, Water and Environment Res. Inst., Agric. Res. Center, Egypt.
AUTHOR
A. S. M.
El-Saady
2
Soils, Water and Environment Res. Inst., Agric. Res. Center, Egypt.
AUTHOR
R. H.
Atia
3
Soils, Water and Environment Res. Inst., Agric. Res. Center, Egypt.
AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
EFFECT OF FURROW SPACING AND PHOSPHORUS FERTILIZATION TREATMENTS ON FABA BEAN YIELD, NUTRIENTS CONTENT AND SOME WATER RELATIONSHIPS
Two field trials were carried out at Sakha Agric. Res. St. farm during two successive winter seasons of 2007/2008 and 2008/2009, to assess the effect of planting methods and phosphorus fertilization treatments on faba bean yield, nutrient contents and some water relationships. Faba bean (Vicia faba L.) seeds var. Sakha 2 were planted on November in both seasons. Split plot design was used with four replicates. The main plots were assigned by two planting methods i.e. A: 120 cm furrow spacing with 4 planting rows per furrow and B:60 cm furrow spacing with 2 planting rows per furrow. The sub plots were assigned by four phosphorus treatments .e.1- application of 30 kg P2O5 fed-1 ( ha = 2.4 fed.) as superphosphate 15.5% P2O5 (P2O5 = 2.29 x P ) , 2- completing the soil available phosphorus up to 30 kg P2O5 fed-1 by superphosphate, 3- application of 15 kg P2O5 fed-1 in addition to inoculating faba bean seeds with phosphate dissolving bacteria and 4-application of 15 kg P2O5 + inoculation with phosphate dissolving bacteria + spraying with cyanobacteria extraction.
The obtained results were summarized as follows:
Planting methods high significantly affected seed yield in both seasons, the higher mean values of 1653.17 and 1766.75 kg fed-1 were obtained with 60 cm furrow spacing in the first and second seasons, respectively.
Planting method of 60 cm furrow spacing had the higher mean values of biomass (6722.5 and 7161.4 kg fed-1), higher 100 seed weight (99.04 and 101.56 g) and the higher N content mean values (56.0 and 61.4 kg fed-1).
Planting method of 120 cm furrow spacing had the higher protein % mean value in the second season (22.34%), the higher seed P% mean values (0.55 and 0.56%) and the higher seed P content values of 6.87 and 7.39 kg fed-1 in the first and second seasons, respectively.
Treatment of 15 kg P2O5 + inoculation with phosphate dissolving bacteria had the highest seed yield, biomass yield, seed N%, N content of the seeds, protein % and P%.
Treatment of 30 kg P2O5 fed-1 had the highest 100 seeds weight values and the highest residual available P values in the soil after faba bean harvesting.
Planting method of 60 cm furrow spacing had the higher water applied mean values (1596 and 1586 m3 fed-1) and the higher water consumptive use mean values of 1380 and 1359 m3 fed-1, while, 120 cm furrow spacing had the lower water applied mean values (1314 and 1285 m3 fed-1) and the lower water consumptive use mean values of 1113 and 1069 m3 fed-1 in the first and second season, respectively.
The higher values of water productivity (WP) and productivity of irrigation water (PIW) were 1.24 and 1.30 kg m-3 and 1.04 and 1.11 kg of seeds m-3 were obtained from 60 cm furrow spacing in the 1st and the 2nd season, respectively.
https://jssae.journals.ekb.eg/article_55630_97b28ec1ed4a557359f01bc733f5bcab.pdf
2011-05-01
597
610
10.21608/jssae.2011.55630
Faba bean
phosphorus fertilization
Irrigation
water productivity
A. S. M.
El-Saady
1
Soils, Water and Environment Ins., Agric. Res. Center, Giza, Egypt.
AUTHOR
Gh. Sh.
El-Atawy
2
Soils, Water and Environment Ins., Agric. Res. Center, Giza, Egypt.
AUTHOR
R. H.
Atia
3
Soils, Water and Environment Ins., Agric. Res. Center, Giza, Egypt.
AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
EFFECT OF COMPOST ON MAIZE (Zea mays) YIELD AND SOME CLAY SOIL PHYSICAL PROPERTIES UNDER DEFICIT IRRIGATION
Field experiments were conducted for two seasons in the clay soil located at South of Sahl El-Hosainiya Research Station, Port-Said Governorate, Egypt. Maize (zea mays) was used as an experimental plant. The current work aims to asses effect of compost application as organic amendment at rates of zero (C0), 5.5(C1), 11.0(C2), and 16.5(C3) Mg f-1 (1 Mg "megagram"= 106 g i.e. metric ton); under irrigation using two water levels of full irrigation (I1) of 3300 m3 f-1, and deficit irrigation (I2) of 2640 m3 f-1 (80% of full irrigation). Grain yield in non-amended treatments was 1.788 to 2.482Mg f-1 while it was 2.757 to 6.316 Mg f-1 in compost- amended treatments. Water-use efficiency (in kg grains/m3 water) was 0.542 to 0.940 for non-amended treatments and 0.835to 2.392for those compost-amended treatments causing, average increases of 34.1, 161, and 92.9% for the C1, C2, and C3, respectively. The deficit irrigation 12 surpassed the full one I1 by 58.3%. Soil moisture curves at tensions of 0.01 up to 15.00 atm and available water (AW) increased due to compost. Compost had a slight effect on total porosity, but affected the distribution of pore size fractions creating more water-useful pores (i.e. the quickly drainable-, slowly-, drainable- and water-holding-pores) and decreasing the less-water-useful ones (i.e. the fine capillary pores). Aggregation and aggregate stability increased by compost; the high rate gave 6.8% large aggregates while the no compost gave 4.3% only.
https://jssae.journals.ekb.eg/article_55645_be0d9b3f3a5c00b1496cf755b0279441.pdf
2011-05-01
611
622
10.21608/jssae.2011.55645
Deficit Irrigation
compost application
maize aggregation
soil moisture curve
porosity
T. A.
EI-Maghraby
1
Soils, Water, and Environment Res. Inst., Agric. Res. Center, Giza, Egypt
AUTHOR
M. A. A.
Abdel-Salam
2
Soils Dept., Fac. Agric., Moshtohor, Banha University, Egypt
AUTHOR
M.
Abdel-Warth
3
Soils, Water, and Environment Res. Inst., Agric. Res. Center, Giza, Egypt
AUTHOR