Mansoura University, Faculty of Agriculture
Journal of Soil Sciences and Agricultural Engineering
2090-3685
2090-3766
1
6
2010
06
01
CLEANING WHEAT GRAIN BY USING RICE POLISHER MACHINE
569
583
EN
M.
A.
El-Sheikha
Dept. of Agric. Eng., Faculty of Agric., Mansoura University.
H.
Sh. E.
Abdalla
Dept. of Agric. Eng., Faculty of Agric., Mansoura University.
G.
H.
El-Sayied
Agric. Eng. Res. Institute, ARC.
M.
A. E.
Al- Rajhi
Agric. Eng. Res. Institute, ARC.
10.21608/jssae.2010.74874
A rice polishing machine was developed and tested for cleaning wheat grain. It consists of a feeding unit, cleaning unit, power drive unit and power transmission unit. Four levels ofmoisture content were about [9.9, 12.4, 14.9 and 17.6 % (d.b.)]; three friction surfaces with three static coefficient of friction were [smooth = 0.35, intermediate between smooth and rough = 0.43, and rough surface= 0.51]; four levels of pressure on cleaning chamber were [1.25, 3.75, 6.25 and 8.75 kN/m<sup>2</sup>] and three speeds of air suction flow speeds of [1.3, 2.8, and 3.4m/s.], were used. The maximum value of cleaning efficiency was 99.93% achieved at, moisture content (M1= 9. 9 %), pressure (P4 =8.75 kN/m<sup>2</sup>), rough friction surface (F3=0.51), and suction air speed (S3 =3.4 m/s). The minimum value of grain damage was 3.5 % achieved at, moisture content (M4= 17.6 %), smooth friction surface (F1=0.35), pressure (P1=1.25 kN/m<sup>2</sup>) and suction air speed (S3=3.4 m/s). The minimum value of losses due to polishing was 0.41 % achieved at, moisture content (M4=17.6 %), pressure (P1=1.25 kN/m<sup>2</sup>), smooth friction surface (F1=0.35) and suction air speed (S1=1.3m/s).
https://jssae.journals.ekb.eg/article_74874.html
https://jssae.journals.ekb.eg/article_74874_574317fc64bfb63ef6b06ebc2e0bed24.pdf
Mansoura University, Faculty of Agriculture
Journal of Soil Sciences and Agricultural Engineering
2090-3685
2090-3766
1
6
2010
06
01
POTENTIAL USE OF MODIFIED RICE HUSK FOR REMEDIATION OF WASTEWATER CONTAINING LEAD IONS
585
596
EN
M.
A.
Rizk
Soils and Water Research Dep. Nuclear Research Center Atomic Energy Authority, Egypt.
10.21608/jssae.2010.74875
A new method has been developed to reduce the concentration of Pb (II) ions present as inorganic impurities in wastewater streams. This method is based on the silica extracted by alkaline treatment of rice husk to prepare modified rice husk (MRH), used as sorbent. Several parameters (contact time, initial lead concentration, sorbent mass, pH and temperature) were examined. Concurrently removals of lead cation from the aqueous medium were found to be not affected by the presence of different concentrations of nitrate or sulfate ion up to 0.1 M. The two-parameters equilibrium models (Langmuir equations) were determined at various temperatures (35, 45 and 55°C). Adsorption isotherm indicates that the monolayer coverage is 124.3, 230.2 and 396.7 mg Pb<sup>2+</sup> ions per g sorbent at 35, 45 and 55°C, respectively. Therefore, the developed rice husk adsorbent is considered a proper sorbent for removal of Pb<sup>2+</sup> ions due to its low cost and good efficiency. The ion-exchange reaction on the silica surface is the sorption mechanism of lead ions using modified rice husk (MRH).
https://jssae.journals.ekb.eg/article_74875.html
https://jssae.journals.ekb.eg/article_74875_eea027f2fdd0821d2ada996d308fc181.pdf
Mansoura University, Faculty of Agriculture
Journal of Soil Sciences and Agricultural Engineering
2090-3685
2090-3766
1
6
2010
06
01
STUDY THE EFFECT OF ZEOLITE ON CADMIUM ADSORBTION, LEAD, ZINC AND COPPER IN SOME SYRIAN SOILS دراسة تأثير الزيوليت على ادمصاص الکادميوم والرصاص والزنک والنحاس في بعض أنواع الترب السورية
555
566
EN
S.
Shamsham
Soils Science Dept., Faculty of Agriculture, Al-Baath University, Syria.
Reem
Nassra
Soils Science Dept., Faculty of Agriculture, Al-Baath University, Syria.
10.21608/jssae.2010.74877
أجريت الدراسة لمعرفة قدرة بعض المعادن الثقيلة على الادمصاص على مواقع الادمصاص في الترب المعاملة بالزيوليت وذلک بتطبيق هذه المعادن على نوعين من الترب السورية، تم جمعها من (ظهر القصير – تل شهوة ) المختلفة بخواصها الکيميائية والمعدنية بتطبيق خمسة تراکيز مختلفة (12.5- 25 – 50 - 100 - 200) ملغ / لتر من المحاليل المتوازنة التي تحتوي العناصر الثقيلة التالية (Cu, Pb, Cd, Zn). يهَدُفَ البحث إلى تحديد قدرة بعض المعادن الثقيلة على المنافسة على الادمصاص على مواقع الادمصاص عند مستويات إضافة مختلفة منها في بعض أنواع الترب المدروسة ، وهدف أيضاً إلى دراسة تأثير الزيوليت على ادمصاص المعادن المضافة. وقد بينت نتائج الدراسة أن الرصاص والنحاس يمتلکان أکبر قدرة على المنافسة على مواقع الادمصاص بکل الترب بينما الزنک والکادميوم کانا أقل قدرة على المنافسة على مواقع الادمصاص، وبالاعتماد على قيم معامل التوزيع (Kd) و کان ترتيب الادمصاص على النحو التالي: Pb > Cu > Zn >Cd. کما تبين أن إضافة الزيوليت إلى الترب يؤدي إلى زيادة ادمصاص هذه الترب للمعادن الثقيلة وتبين أيضاً عدم وجود فروق معنوية بين Z<sub>1</sub> وZ<sub>2</sub>.
ادمصاص,معامل التوزيع,سلاسل الادمصاص الانتقائي,الزوليت
https://jssae.journals.ekb.eg/article_74877.html
https://jssae.journals.ekb.eg/article_74877_2c736cc088299045750aef9f1c2992bd.pdf
Mansoura University, Faculty of Agriculture
Journal of Soil Sciences and Agricultural Engineering
2090-3685
2090-3766
1
6
2010
06
01
TOWARDS A SAFETY ENVIROMENT: HOW APATITE MINERALS REMEDIATE Pb, Zn and Mn FROM WASTE WATER?
501
516
EN
S.
M.
Abdallah
Department of Soils, Faculty of Agriculture, Ain Shams University
10.21608/jssae.2010.74879
To evaluate the effectiveness of apatite minerals in removing different contaminants, from low quality water in the industrial city of abha, Asir region, southwestern of Saudi Arabia, two phosphatic clay dominated by apatite mineral were selected. In situ remediation experiment proved that apatite mineral has the highest affinity for Pb and removed more than 94% from initial Pb concentration. The rest of contaminants followed the descending order of: Zn < Mn <Cu < Co < Ni. The sorption of Pb, Zn and Mn onto apatite mineral was well characterized by the Langmuir model. Ternary-metal addition induced competitive sorption among the three metals, with the interfering effect of Pb < Zn < Mn. During metal retention by apatite mineral calcium and phosphate were determined in equilibrium solution. Calcium increased and phosphate decreased with increasing metal adsorption. The greatest increase of calcium and the largest phosphate reduction were found with Pb<sup>2+</sup>sorption. This is suggested that Pb<sup>2+</sup>retention by apatite was through the dissolution of apatite which mean release of Ca and P into solution and formation of pyromorphite (lead phosphate) as consuming of P. Obtained results suggested two general mechanisms for the ability of apatite mineral to take up Pb<sup>2+</sup>, Zn<sup>2+</sup>and Mn<sup>2+</sup>. The first is (ion – ion exchange mechanism) concerned with adsorption of ions on the solid surface followed by their diffusion into apatite mineral and the release of cations originally contained within apatite. The second is (dissolution – precipitation mechanism) concerned to the dissolution of apatite in the aqueous solution containing Pb<sup>2+</sup>, Zn<sup>2+</sup>and Mn<sup>2+</sup>followed by the precipitation or coprecipitation. Pb<sup>2+</sup>desorption responding to solution pH may indicate that not all the Pb<sup>+2</sup> was chemisorbed and fraction of Pb<sup>2+</sup> was weakly adsorbed or complexed on the surface of apatite mineral.
Abha industrial city,Wastewater treatment,apatite minerals,heavy metals retention,in situ remediation
https://jssae.journals.ekb.eg/article_74879.html
https://jssae.journals.ekb.eg/article_74879_ed819bd3947b887c639f1b1a277a128f.pdf
Mansoura University, Faculty of Agriculture
Journal of Soil Sciences and Agricultural Engineering
2090-3685
2090-3766
1
6
2010
06
01
DEVELOPMENT AND EVALUATION OF A SOLAR DRYER FOR THIN LAYER DRYING OF HAYANI DATE
517
532
EN
A.
M.
Matouk
Agric. Eng. Dept., Fac. Agric., Mansoura Univ.
M.
M.
El-Kholy
Agric. Eng. Res. Institute, ARC, Dokkie,Giza
M.
A.
El-Sadany
Agric. Eng. Dept., Fac. Agric., Mansoura Univ.
A.
E.
Abd - El-aziz
Agric. Engineer
10.21608/jssae.2010.74880
A study was carried out to test and evaluate a forced convection solar dryer with auxiliary electric heater and temperature control system during thin layer drying of date . During the experimental work the temperature of drying air was adjusted to be approximately constant at 40 , 50 , 60 and 70 °C and air velocity of 0.26 , 0.52 and 0.78 m/min. High moisture hayani date was dried under three different treatments of date (peeled date , peeled treated date and unpeeled date ). Two empirical models (Exponential and Page) were examined to describe the drying behaviour and predict the change in moisture content of date during the drying process. Moisture content of date , thermal efficiency of the dryer and the total sugar and percentage reducing in sugars of the dried date were also determined. The obtained results showed that, both of the empirical models could satisfactorily be described the change in date moisture content during the drying process under specific conditions. On the other hand Page's model proved that it can predict and describe drying behaviour more adequately than the simple model . The dryer thermal efficiency increased with the increase of drying air temperature and air velocity and it ranged from 16.60 to 55.85 % .While the thermal efficiency of the solar collector ranged from 47.05 % to 83.79 %. Also, the total and reducing sugars decreased with the decrease of drying air temperature and air velocity and it ranged from 40.33 to 44.66 % d.b. for the reducing sugar and from 49.65 to 56.93 % d.b. for the total soluable sugar.
https://jssae.journals.ekb.eg/article_74880.html
https://jssae.journals.ekb.eg/article_74880_998f75e0131d91f729a333a3b10d5ddf.pdf
Mansoura University, Faculty of Agriculture
Journal of Soil Sciences and Agricultural Engineering
2090-3685
2090-3766
1
6
2010
06
01
ALLEVIATION OF CADMIUM STRESS ON RADISH BY HUMIC ACID AND CHITOSAN AS SOIL ADDITIVES
597
612
EN
S.
F.
Gadalla
Agricultural Botany Dept., Faulty of Agriculture, Mansoura University
A.
A.
Mosa
Soils Dept., Faulty of Agriculture, Mansoura University
Heba
M.
Ibrahim
Agricultural Botany Dept., Faulty of Agriculture, Mansoura University
10.21608/jssae.2010.74882
Two pot experiments were conducted to study the effect of humic acid (HA) or chitosan (CHI) as soil additives at concentrations of 100 and 200 mg kg<sup>-1</sup> soil on counteracting the harmful effects of cadmium ions at levels of 100 and 150 mg kg<sup>-1</sup> soil on radish plant. Results showed that, Cd at 100 and 150 mg kg<sup>-1</sup> decreased significantly length, fresh and dry weights of shoot and root organs as well as leaves number per plant in both seasons. Chlorophyll, total sugars, nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, relative water content, soluble proteins and total amino acids content were also decreased. Meanwhile, Cd concentration in plant tissues was increased. On the other hand, application of HA or CHI at levels of 100 or 200 mg kg<sup>-1</sup> increased all the above mentioned parameters and decreased Cd concentration in plant tissues. In conclusion, both natural chelating compounds, in particular, CHI at 200 mg kg<sup>-1</sup> dry soil can increase the capability of radish plant to survive under cadmium stress due to chelating Cd<sup>2+</sup> ions and reducing Cd bio-availability.
Humic acid,Chitosan,cadmium,Radish
https://jssae.journals.ekb.eg/article_74882.html
https://jssae.journals.ekb.eg/article_74882_4062c263eb10140357e4cbfb7692b8bc.pdf
Mansoura University, Faculty of Agriculture
Journal of Soil Sciences and Agricultural Engineering
2090-3685
2090-3766
1
6
2010
06
01
EFFECT OF ZIRCONIUM IN NUTRIENT SOLUTION ON GROWTH AND UPTAKE OF SOME ELEMENTS BY MAIZE PLANT.
613
619
EN
T.
M.
Masalem
Soil and Water Dept., Fac. Agric., AL-Azhar univ., Cairo, Egypt.
A.
M.
Daher
Nuclear Materials Authority , Cairo, Egypt.
A.
H.
Mahmoud
Nuclear Materials Authority , Cairo, Egypt.
M.
E. E.
Al-Shobaki
Nuclear Materials Authority , Cairo, Egypt.
A.
A. A.
Shosha
Nuclear Materials Authority , Cairo, Egypt.
10.21608/jssae.2010.74886
A pot experiment (sand culture) was carried out to investigate the effect of zirconium supply, with the nutrient solution on maize dry matter yield, nutritional status in maize plant (Giza 10 v.). The pots were irrigated by ¼ Hoagland solution containing zirconium as (Zr OCL<strong><sub>2</sub></strong>. 8H<strong><sub>2</sub></strong>O), at the rates of 0.0, 10, 20, 50 , 100, 200 and 500 mg/L.
Results show that the means of dry matter (shoot, root and whole plant) were decreased with increasing zirconium rates. Also, phosphorus content and uptake by maize plants (shoot and root) were decreased with increasing zirconium in nutrient solution. The potassium content was increased gradually with increasing zirconium rates up to 20 mg Zr/L and decreased after that. The shoots always contained extra potassium (K) content more than roots and the highest potassium (K) content and uptake were found with the least zirconium concentration in the growth media. The Fe concentration in roots was more than in shoots. Zinc (Zn) and copper (Cu) contents and uptake by maize (shoot and root) were decreased with increasing zirconium, and Zinc (Zn) , Copper (Cu) content and uptake of roots were higher than that found in shoots. The amount of zirconium in maize roots was increased with increasing zirconium levels in the nutrient solution, the opposite trend was observed in maize shoots.
Zirconium supply in nutrient solution,P, K, Fe, Zn, and Cu, contents and uptake index
https://jssae.journals.ekb.eg/article_74886.html
https://jssae.journals.ekb.eg/article_74886_bfb8d28d3b14a735b55359dba602d653.pdf
Mansoura University, Faculty of Agriculture
Journal of Soil Sciences and Agricultural Engineering
2090-3685
2090-3766
1
6
2010
06
01
TOWARDS A SAFER ENVIRONMENT: ZEOLITIZATION OF BENTONITE AND ITS POTENTIALITIES FOR REMOVING HEAVY METALS FROM WASTEWATER
533
553
EN
S.
M.
Abdallah
Department of Soils, Faculty of Agriculture, Ain Shams University
10.21608/jssae.2010.74887
Zeolites have several applications in many fields related to pollution control, radioactive waste management, petroleum refining, purification of gases, agriculture and others. The production of zeolites using clay minerals as a resource constitutes one important issue of waste management. To convert bentonite clay to zeolitic materials, sodium hydroxide at different concentrations with two different treatments (magnetic stirring and autoclave treatments) were used. Obtained results indicated that alteration was carried out and zeolitic materials appeared. X-ray diffraction analysis, Infra-red spectroscopy, chemical composition, cation exchange capacity and accessibility of internal sites were used to characterize the produced zeolitic materials. Natures of obtained zeolitic materials depend on the method of contact between clay and alkaline agent. Autoclave treatment showed the conversion of montomorillonite and kaolinite in the bentonite clay sediment to sodalite and analcime zeolitic materials, while magnetic stirring converted the same mineral to sodalite only at 3M of NaOH. The C.E.C values of produced zeolitic materials increased with the rise in NaOH concentration until 2M only and decreased when increasing NaOH concentration in both clay sediments by both treatments (stirring and autoclave). Obtained results indicated that although ammonium is widely used to measure C.E.C, it seems inappropriate to apply to materials having smaller pores than the diameter of ammonium ion such as sodalite. Produced zeolitic materials have internal sites accessible to exchange with different ions and suitable to utilize in removing heavy metals or other ion toxicants from wastewater. Potentialities of produced zeolititc materials to remove heavy metals from industrial wastewater were studied as a function of contact time. The maximum percentage of metals removed was increased more than two to more than three times than initial bentonite with different arrangement of metals removed. The current study indicated that zeolitic materials not only had highly percentage of metals removed but also had highly selectivity for certain ions.
Zeolitization – bentonite sediments – sodalite – analcime – wastewater treatment – heavy metals – X-ray diffraction analysis – Iinfra-red spectroscopy
https://jssae.journals.ekb.eg/article_74887.html
https://jssae.journals.ekb.eg/article_74887_731ff1be592bc19d29e9eeb4ef85b86e.pdf
Mansoura University, Faculty of Agriculture
Journal of Soil Sciences and Agricultural Engineering
2090-3685
2090-3766
1
6
2010
06
01
STUDY OF SOME ENGINEERING FACTORS AFFECTING ON SEED COATING EFFICIENCY IN SEED PROCESSING TREATMENT
633
641
EN
M.
A.
Helmy
Dept. of Agric. Eng., Fac. of Agric., Kafrelshiekh Univ., Egypt
A.
A.
Derbala
Dept. of Agric. Eng., Fac. of Agric., Tanta Univ., Egypt
S.
E.
Badr
Agric. Eng. Res. Institute, El-Dokki, Giza, Egypt
Mai
M.
Amer
Dept. of Agric. Eng., Fac. of Agric., Tanta Univ., Egypt
10.21608/jssae.2010.74888
The present study aimed to evaluate the effect of some engineering factors involved in processes of corn and wheat seed coating. The engineering factors were speed of the coating pan, diameter of the spinner disk, slope of the coating pan and speed of the spinner disk. The results revealed that, the coating efficiency increased as the slope of coating pan increased up to 27.66 × 10<strong><sup>-3</sup></strong> rad., then tends to decrease with higher angle of slope. Also, a significant coefficient of variation was found only with corn seeds. The coating efficiency increased as rotating pan speed increased up to 0.056 m/s, then tends to decrease with higher rates of speed. The coating efficiency increased as disc diameter and/or speed increased. The study can be concluded that the effect of the spinning disk properties as its diameter or speed is the significant effect on the coating seeds compared with the coating pan as its slope angle or speed.
https://jssae.journals.ekb.eg/article_74888.html
https://jssae.journals.ekb.eg/article_74888_78d67efc87b9dbb9a517f32a43d12990.pdf
Mansoura University, Faculty of Agriculture
Journal of Soil Sciences and Agricultural Engineering
2090-3685
2090-3766
1
6
2010
06
01
MAXIMIZING THE RETURN OF FERTILIZATION AND ITS EFFECT ON YIELD, NUTRIENTS UPTAKE AND N- USE EFFECIENCY FOR RICE
621
631
EN
E.
M.
El-Hadidi
Faculty of Agriculture, Mansoura University, Egypt.
M.
H.
El-kholy
Soil, water and Environ. Res. Inst., ARC, Giza, Egypt.
I.
S.
Mosaad
Soil, water and Environ. Res. Inst., ARC, Giza, Egypt.
10.21608/jssae.2010.74889
Two field trials were conducted at El-Serw Agricultural Research Station, Dammietta governorate through summer season 2006 and 2007, to study the effect of organic matter as compost (20 m<sup>3</sup>.fed<sup>-1</sup>), N-biofertilization (cyanobacteria <em>Azospirillum</em>, <em>Bacillus</em> inoculations and mix with previous inoculations) and mineral nitrogen applications (20, 40 and 60 kg-N.fed<sup>-1</sup>) on rice grain and straw yield, N, P and K uptake and nitrogen use efficiency for rice crop (<em>Oryza sativa</em>), variety Giza 178. The results showed that rice grain and straw yield and N, P and K-uptake in grain and straw increasing with use of nitrogen fertilizer rates up to 60 kg N / fed, while decreasing values of nitrogen use efficiency for rice crop. As well as the results showed that blue-green algae, a mixture of bio-fertilizers, <em>Azospirillum</em>, and <em>Bacillus</em> inoculations, respectively gave the highest values of the previous parameters except the NUE, where the order of values was upward with the order of the previous inoculations. Also, the results showed that the use of organic matter as a compost gave the highest values of the previous parameters and lowest values of NUE for rice crop. Organic matter + Blue green algae inoculation + 60 kg N.fed-1 gave high rice grain and straw yield and nutrients uptake and gave the lowest N-use efficiency. Also, applying organic matter + BGA or mix or <em>Azospirillum</em> inoculation could produce economic rice grain yield when it combined with third dose of the recommend mineral nitrogen (20 kg-N.fed<sup>-1</sup>), and in the same time, this treatment gave high nitrogen use efficiency, and thus save on mineral nitrogen fertilization, which may lose when applying the full recommended dose, and conserve environment by reducing pollution hazards.
rice,Cyanobacteria,Bacillus,Azospirillum,compost,organic matter,uptake,Nitrogen use efficiency
https://jssae.journals.ekb.eg/article_74889.html
https://jssae.journals.ekb.eg/article_74889_ab63a23b4785cf6115be01a1c3d1e9f6.pdf