Mansoura University, Faculty of Agriculture
Journal of Soil Sciences and Agricultural Engineering
2090-3685
2090-3766
34
5
2009
05
01
EFFECT OF (HALEX-2) BIOFERTILIZER INOCULATION ON COWPEA YIELD AND MINERAL FERTILIZER-N OPTIMIZATION
5487
5495
EN
R. H.
Atia
Soils, Water and Environment Res. Inst. ARC, Giza, Egypt
H. S.
Hamoud
Soils, Water and Environment Res. Inst. ARC, Giza, Egypt
A.S.M.
El-Saady
Soils, Water and Environment Res. Inst. ARC, Giza, Egypt
M. H.
Kasem
Veg. Res. Dept., Hort. Res. Inst. ARC, Giza, Egypt
10.21608/jssae.2009.93110
A field experiment was conduced during the summer seasons of 2005 and 2006 at Disuq district, Kafr El-Sheikh Governorate to study the combined effect of inoculation with Halex-2 (as biofertilizer) and mineral nitrogen levels on cowpea yield and their net return.
Split plot design was used with four replicates. The main plots were assigned by two treatments of uninoculated (control), and inoculated with Halex-2. Whereas, the sub-plots were assigned by five N levels (0, 10, 20, 30 and 40 kg N fed<sup>-1</sup>).
<strong>Four polynomial quadratic equations were established to show the following results:</strong>
1. The maximum and optimum N rates were decreased as Halex-2 used in the two seasons.
2. The maximum and optimum cowpea yields were increased as Halex-2 used in the two seasons.
3. The highest maximum yield (1413.2 kg fed<sup>-1</sup>), the highest total value of yield (7065.0 L.E fed<sup>-1</sup>) and the highest return of bio and N fertilizer (2936.6 LE fed<sup>-1</sup>) were obtained as Halex-2 used in the first season.
4. The average of efficiency and the efficiency of nitrogen fertilizer at optimum rate were increased as Halex-2 used.
5. The soil nitrogen content during plant growth (X<sub>s</sub>) was increased as Halex-2 added.
6. The contribution of soil N was increased as Halex-2 used in the two seasons.
7. The contribution of N fertilizer was increased as N levels increased in the two seasons.<strong> </strong>
Biofertilizer inoculation,cowpea the quadratic polynomial equation,nitrogen levels
https://jssae.journals.ekb.eg/article_93110.html
https://jssae.journals.ekb.eg/article_93110_350dcc8bdc17e7505e77134c99cdc928.pdf
Mansoura University, Faculty of Agriculture
Journal of Soil Sciences and Agricultural Engineering
2090-3685
2090-3766
34
5
2009
05
01
VISCOELASTICITY OF DATE TISSUE AT BALAH STAGE OF MATURITY اللزوجة المرنة للب التمور في مرحلة البلح
5497
5508
EN
A. M.
Alhmadan
Dept. of Agric. Engineering, College of Agric., King Saud Univ., P.O Box 2460 Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia.
10.21608/jssae.2009.93111
تم دراسة السلوک اللزج المرن للب ثمانية أصناف من التمور السعودية في مرحلة البلح وهي البرحي والخضري والخلاص والسري والسکري والصفري والصقعي ونبوت سيف بايجاد معاملات تراخي الجهد والتزحف والاسترجاع تجريبيا. وجد من تجارب تراخي الجهد وعند مستوى انفعال ثابت يساوي 50٪ تفاوت الجهد المسلط في الحدود 504,29 الى 1386,72 (ک باسکال) للب صنفي السري والخضري على التوالي، کما تفاوتت النسبة المئوية للتراخي في الحدود 71,8٪ الى 80,6٪ للب صنفي السري والخلاص على التوالي. أما في تجارب التزحف والاسترجاع فقد تم تسليط جهد ثابت يساوي 1000 جم وقياس التزحف والاسترجاع کانفعال لمدة دقيقتين لکل الأصناف. وقد تفاوتت قيم الانفعال في نهاية فترة التزحف في الحدود 0,331 إلى 0,852 مم/مم للب صنفي الصقعي والسري، على الترتيب، بينما تفاوتت قيمه في نهاية فترة الاسترجاع في الحدود 0,196 الى 0,746 مم/مم للب صنفي الصقعي والسري کذلک، على الترتيب. کما تفاوتت نسب الانفعال المسترجع والذي يعبر عن درجة المرونة في الحدود من 12,4٪ الى 40,8٪ للب صنفي السري والصقعي، على الترتيب.
تم اختبار ثلاثة نماذج رياضية لايجاد مدى ملائمتها في التنبؤ بالنتائج التجريبية لتراخي الجهد وهي نماذج ماکسويل العام ونوسينوفيتش وبيليج. وقد اثبتت النماذج الثلاثة ملائمتها للنتائج التجريبية بيد أن نموذج ماکسويل العام کان هو الأفضل. کذلک أثبت نموذج بيرجرز ذو العناصر الأربعة ملائمته في التنبؤ بالنتائج التجريبية للتزحف والاسترجاع.
https://jssae.journals.ekb.eg/article_93111.html
https://jssae.journals.ekb.eg/article_93111_8159b1e65cad40a5193b8039bfc521a6.pdf
Mansoura University, Faculty of Agriculture
Journal of Soil Sciences and Agricultural Engineering
2090-3685
2090-3766
34
5
2009
05
01
UTILIZATION OF REAPER AS AN ALTERNATIVE SYSTEM FOR LITTER REMOVAL INSIDE BROILER HOUSES
5509
5523
EN
M. A.
Basiouny
Agric. Eng. Res. Inst. (AEnRI), Giza, Egypt.
S. E.
Abdallah
Agric. Eng. Dept., Fac. of Agric., Kafrelsheikh Univ., Egypt.
10.21608/jssae.2009.93112
<span>A new test to identify the modified reaper has been developed for broiler litter removal. The present study describes in detail the efficacy of this new method on broiler litter removal efficiency. Tests were carried out to select the appropriate operating parameters for this purpose. The results of these experiments were graphed to show and examine the differences associated with the choice of the independent variable. It appears that the highest values of 1018.89m<sup>2</sup>/h effective field capacity and of 84.89% field efficiency were achieved at the operating conditions of 45.4%w.b. litter moisture content, 1.2km/h reaper travel speed and 2<sup>o</sup> shovel blade tilt angle. In contrast, the lowest values of 330.96m<sup>2</sup>/h effective field capacity and of 55.16% field efficiency were achieved at the operating conditions of 35.7%w.b., 0.6km/h and 8<sup>o</sup>. It could be demonstrated that the differences between the highest and lowest values were of 207.8 and 53.9% increment for the effective field capacity and field efficiency respectively. Similar results were obtained for the remaining parameters. However, in this case, the differences between the highest and lowest values were of 19.30, 210.94, 124.21 and 210.64% increment for the litter removal efficiency, reaper output, unit energy and unit operating cost respectively. It was quite evident that, from cost estimates, the labor participation revealed the highest cost parameter percentage of 44.09. Contrariwise, the lowest cost parameter percentage of 10.23 was attributed to fuel and lubrication. In all circumstances, the equipment has proved efficient and cost effective during extensive use.</span>
https://jssae.journals.ekb.eg/article_93112.html
https://jssae.journals.ekb.eg/article_93112_30c0933fe3051f9ad501ef0190ceef46.pdf
Mansoura University, Faculty of Agriculture
Journal of Soil Sciences and Agricultural Engineering
2090-3685
2090-3766
34
5
2009
05
01
RESPONSE OF FABA BEAN PLANTS TO PHOSPHORUS FERTILIZATION UNDER SALINE CONDITION
5525
5536
EN
T. M.
El-Zehery
Soil Dept; Faculty of Agriculture, Mansoura University.
Hanaa M.
Sakara
Soil Dept; Faculty of Agriculture, Mansoura University.
10.21608/jssae.2009.93113
Two pot experiments were carried out during the two successive winter seasons of 2005-2006 and 2006-2007 under the greenhouse of Faculty of Agric., MansouraUniversity to study the effect of salt stress of irrigation water and phosphorus fertilization on faba bean (<em>Vicia faba L.)</em>. These experiments were conducted in a spilt plot design the main plots were 4 levels of saline water (360 mg/l (tap water), 1000, 2000 and 3000 mg/l.) and the sub-plots were 4 levels of phosphorus fertilization (0, 13, 26 and 39 kg P.fed<sup>-1</sup>.) with three replicates ..
<strong>The Obtained results could be summarized as follow:</strong>
By increasing salt concentration in irrigation water, number of flowers per plant, the mean value of number of pods per plant, pod setting %, seed index, straw and seed yield, N, P and K uptakes (mg/plant)of straw and seeds of faba bean plant as well as the calculated total uptake (straw + seeds) decreased significantly.
Soil addition of P-fertilizer at the rates of 13, 26 and 39 kg P.fed<sup>-1. </sup>significantly increased number of flower/plant, the mean values of number of pods/plant, fruit setting (%), seed index, straw and seed yield, N, P, and K uptakes (mg/plant)of faba bean seeds and total uptake as compared to P0 (without phosphorus fertilization).
An irrigation of faba bean plant with saline water with an addition of P-fertilizer at the levels of this investigation had no significant effect on number of flowers per plant, number of pods per plant, seed index, straw and seed yield, N and P uptakes(mg/plant) by faba bean seeds. Such effect of interaction significantly increased N, P and K uptakes of straw and K uptake (mg/plant) of faba bean seeds during both seasons.
Faba bean. Salinity,phosphorus,and yield
https://jssae.journals.ekb.eg/article_93113.html
https://jssae.journals.ekb.eg/article_93113_c604b5fd1527cf0241c49f7043116a12.pdf
Mansoura University, Faculty of Agriculture
Journal of Soil Sciences and Agricultural Engineering
2090-3685
2090-3766
34
5
2009
05
01
CONSTRUCTING AND EVALUATION OF PROTOTYPE SHELLING MACHINE FOR SUGAR CANE LEAVES
5537
5549
EN
R. R.
Abu-Shieshaa
Ag. Eng. Res. Inst. (AEnRI), El-Giza, Egypt.
R. M.
Kholief
Ag. Eng. Res. Inst. (AEnRI), El-Giza, Egypt.
A. A.
El-Keway
Ag. Eng. Res. Inst. (AEnRI), El-Giza, Egypt.
10.21608/jssae.2009.93114
The objective of the present study is to construct and evaluate sugar cane shelling machine to be used in sugar cane juice shops. Shelling machine was fabricated on a private workshop in Dosuq city and experiments were carried out at SakhaAgricltureResearchCenter during summer season 2008 to state the effect of stalk moisture content, feeding and shelling speeds on shelling performance (shelling efficiency, machine productivity, specific energy and shelling cost).
Some physical and mechanical properties for sugar cane stalk variety Giza 54-9 were also measured. The obtained data helped in designing and manufacturing the proposed shelling machine.
Results showed that, the optimum operating conditions of the proposed prototype was at feeding speed of 500 r.p.m, shelling speed of 1200 r.p.m and stalk moisture content of 61.73%. Whereas it gave shelling efficiency of about 76.14% specific energy of 1.625 kW.h/ton and acceptable machine productivity of 0.670 ton/h. Also the cost calculations indicated that the manual shelling of sugar cane is about 4.51 times of mechanical shelling.
https://jssae.journals.ekb.eg/article_93114.html
https://jssae.journals.ekb.eg/article_93114_59a747883935d064ee4685ea08ef0d31.pdf
Mansoura University, Faculty of Agriculture
Journal of Soil Sciences and Agricultural Engineering
2090-3685
2090-3766
34
5
2009
05
01
MATHEMATICAL MODEL FOR MICRO-IRRIGATION DESING FOR CENTER PIVOT CORNERS
5551
5574
EN
A. E.
Guirguis
Agric. Engineering Res. Inst. Agric. Res. Center, Dokki, Giza, Egypt.
A.A.
El-Shafei
Agric. Engineering dept., Fac. of Agric., Alexandria University.
K. A.
Allam
Agric. Engineering Res. Inst. Agric. Res. Center, Dokki, Giza, Egypt.
10.21608/jssae.2009.93115
A mathematical model was developed to analyzing hydraulic characteristics in a micro-irrigation system design micro-irrigation system for center pivot corners. Different shape division (square, rectangular and approximately triangular shape) for center pivot corner, pipe diameters and lengths of lateral and telescopic manifold pipe with uniform slopes were studied. The model divided the center pivot corner into subunits micro-irrigation system (parts) and estimated lateral and emitter discharges and pressure head distribution along a lateral and manifold starting from the downstream as well as uniformity calculation. The friction head loss between successive emitters, laterals and manifold were also estimated using the Darcy-Weisbach formula. The model for designing manifold was run successfully for supplying water to one or two-side laterals. Field studies were undertaken to test the validity of the mathematical model for (E<sub>U</sub>), (U<sub>C</sub><strong>)</strong>, (Q<sub>VAR</sub>) and (H<sub>VAR</sub>). Emission flow and pressure distributions were measured and compared quite well with those predicted from the model. The results indicated that, for approximately triangular shape part 1 for center pivot radius 450 m, outside lateral diameter 16 mm, lateral spacing 1.0 m and emitter spacing 0.5 m, average emitter discharge per lateral for 76 lateral were ranged from 3.618 to 3.766 l/h,. Lateral dynamic head increased from 0.81 to 1.26 bar for 76 lateral, (U<sub>C</sub><strong>)</strong>, increased by 7.42% and (U<sub>C</sub><strong>)</strong> increased with decreasing lateral friction losses, Inlet lateral discharge for 76 laterals were ranged from 7.1 to 240.6 l/h for minimum (2 m) and maximum (63 m) lateral lengths, respectively. The model has been verified under different three center pivot radiuses (270, 359 and 450 m), which have same lateral diameter (16 mm), emitter spacing 1.0 m, lateral spacing 2.5 m and same in-line emitter discharge equation q=4.02H<sup>0.5</sup> as an example for grape cultivation. Also, three different outside lateral diameters 16, 18 and 20 mm which, has same emitter spacing 0.5 m, lateral spacing 1.0 m and the same emitter type with constant center pivot radius (450 m) were verified for strawberry cultivation. In comparison between model output results of center pivot corner with R=450 m for lateral diameters 18 and 20 mm, it is clear that the number of parts dose not changed (13 parts) and total manifold discharge was equal to 313.46 (m<sup>3</sup>/h) for both lateral diameters. While, number of parts was (19 parts).for lateral diameters 16 mm. Q<sub>VAR</sub> at lateral diameter 18 and 20 mm were ranged from 0.7 to 6.51% and 0.47 to 4.35% respectively. Also, H<sub>VAR</sub> were ranged from 1.14 to12.59% and 0.94 to 8.52% respectively. However, lateral diameter 20 mm was more effective in improving (Q<sub>VAR</sub>) and (H<sub>VAR</sub>). In case of R=450 m for lateral diameters 16 mm, manifold diameters 50, 63, 75 and 90 mm versus lengths were 641, 185, 97 and 92 m respectively, while, manifold length were 505, 182, 91 and 158 m for lateral diameters 18 mm.
Micro-irrigation,design,model,subunit,hydraulic
https://jssae.journals.ekb.eg/article_93115.html
https://jssae.journals.ekb.eg/article_93115_efb706ca3daef6d50da9176a69ab9141.pdf
Mansoura University, Faculty of Agriculture
Journal of Soil Sciences and Agricultural Engineering
2090-3685
2090-3766
34
5
2009
05
01
AFFECTING FACTORS ON PERFORMANCE OF A DEVELOPED HOLE DIGGER
5575
5591
EN
I.
Yehia
Ag. Eng. Res. Institute, ARC.
M. H.
Kabeel
Ag. Eng. Res. Institute, ARC.
S. K.
Khalil
Ag. Eng. Res. Institute, ARC.
10.21608/jssae.2009.93116
The aim of this research was the studying of some factors affecting the development of a hole digger. The experiments were conducted in El Gemiza Research Station in Gharbia Governorate. Three auger diameters (150, 200 and 250 mm) of the developed hole-digger were tested at different auger–speeds (75, 100 and 150 rpm), auger pitches (10, 15 and 20 cm), hole–depths ( 20, 30 and 40 cm), hole–spacing (5 m) and soil type (clay) with moisture contents of 18, 22 and 26% and (bulk densities of 1.2, 1.1 and 1.05 g/cm<sup>3</sup>).
<strong>The obtained results can be summarized as follows:</strong>
The maximum hole productivity was 324 hole/h obtained with auger speed of 150 rpm, hole diameter 15 cm, hole depth 20 cm, auger pitch 20 cm at moisture content 26%. The penetration resistance of clay soil at 18 % moisture content increased by 35 and 45 % as compared with of clay soil at moisture content 22 % and 26 % respectively. The maximum fuel consumption was 0.69 L/h was obtained with auger speed of 150 rpm, hole diameter 25 cm, hole depth 40 cm, and auger pitch 10 cm.<strong> </strong>The maximum power requirements (2.72 kW) was obtained with auger speed of 150 rpm, hole diameter 25 cm, hole depth 40 cm, auger pitch 10 cm and moisture content 18 %. The minimum operation cost was 0.05 L.E/hole at auger diameter 15 cm, auger pitch 15 cm and hole depth 20 cm. Whereas, the maximum operation cost was 0.23 L.E./hole at auger diameter 25 cm, auger pitch 10 cm and hole depth 40 cm. The operational cost using a hole digger attached to a power tiller decreased by 500-950 % compared with manual digging.
https://jssae.journals.ekb.eg/article_93116.html
https://jssae.journals.ekb.eg/article_93116_65a5255324865ded22345715356d0f9f.pdf
Mansoura University, Faculty of Agriculture
Journal of Soil Sciences and Agricultural Engineering
2090-3685
2090-3766
34
5
2009
05
01
BIOCHEMICAL STUDIES ON MULBERRY FRUITS AND THEIR METHANOLIC EXTRACT .
5593
5607
EN
Safaa M.
Ali
Dept. of Agric. Chemistry, Faculty of Agric., Mansoura Univ., Egypt.
S.T.
Abou Taleb
Dept. of Agric. Chemistry, Faculty of Agric., Mansoura Univ., Egypt.
A . M.
Youssef
Dept. of Agric. Chemistry, Faculty of Agric., Mansoura Univ., Egypt.
S. A.
Kash
Dept. of Agric. Chemistry, Faculty of Agric., Mansoura Univ., Egypt.
10.21608/jssae.2009.93117
In this study, total polyphenol ,flavonoid , anthocyanin and ascorbic acid contents were determined in black (Morus nigra L.) and white (Morus alba L ) mulberry fruits grown in Egypt . Antioxidant activity , reducing power and antidiabetic effect were determined in fruits methanolic extract . The total polyphenols ranged from 114.88 to 417.37 mg GAE/g dry weight in black and white mulberry fruits , respectively . While total flavonoids ranged between 12.43 and 24.27 mg QE/g d.w., respectively . Black fruits contain a higher value of anthocyanins 19.33 than white fruits 1.36 mg as cyanidin–3–glucoside, respectively. Both Black and white fruits contain nearly the same values of ascorbic acid 35.61 and 36.74 mg/100g .d.w. Black fruits methanolic extract have higher values of antioxidant activity inhibition % and reducing powerthan that obtained from white fruits . Average value of 76.908 % , 0.172 at 100 mg / ml ; 69.084 % and 0.085 at 100 mg / ml for black and white fruits , respectively .The effect of black and white fruits methanolic extracts were investigated on STZ diabetic rats through the determination of serum glucose , total cholesterol , triglycerides and liver functions (ALT and AST) .The best results were observed for black mulberry fruits methanolic extract .
total polyphenols,Flavonoids,Anthocyanin,antioxidant,antidiabetic
https://jssae.journals.ekb.eg/article_93117.html
https://jssae.journals.ekb.eg/article_93117_a04cc7a657cac2971e66383558d39dee.pdf
Mansoura University, Faculty of Agriculture
Journal of Soil Sciences and Agricultural Engineering
2090-3685
2090-3766
34
5
2009
05
01
USING DRIP IRRIGATION FOR PRODUCING TOMATO UNDER DIFFERENT IRRIGATION WATER LEVELS IN SANDY SOILS
5609
5622
EN
M.A.
El-Adl
Agric. Eng. Dept., Fac. of Agric., Mansoura Univ.
10.21608/jssae.2009.93118
Field experiments were carried out in the environmental conditions of Dakahleya governorate. The effect of irrigation levels (100%, 85% and 70% of ETcrop), fertilization methods (traditional and fertigation) and drip irrigation systems (surface and subsurface) on tomato were investigated in this study.
<strong>The main aims of this study are:</strong>
- Study the effect of irrigation system and amount of irrigation water on total yield.
- Effect of using fertigation system.
- Effect of studying factor on emitter clogging.
<strong>The results show that:</strong>
- Irrigation level has strong effect on yield.
- The highest yield (5411 kg/fed) obtained with treatment L<sub>1</sub>F<sub>2</sub>D<sub>2</sub> (irrigation with 100% ETcrop with fertigation method under using subsurface drip irrigation system).
- Maximum water use efficiency (4.96 kg/m<sup>3</sup>) obtained with treatment L<sub>3</sub>F<sub>2</sub>D<sub>2</sub> (irrigation with 70% ETcrop with fertigation method under using subsurface drip irrigation system).
https://jssae.journals.ekb.eg/article_93118.html
https://jssae.journals.ekb.eg/article_93118_2a4fe20092f709d73404f1f1b1154bb9.pdf
Mansoura University, Faculty of Agriculture
Journal of Soil Sciences and Agricultural Engineering
2090-3685
2090-3766
34
5
2009
05
01
DEVELOPING THE PLANTING UNIT MECHANISMS OF JAPANESE RICE TRANSPLANTER
5623
5635
EN
M. I.
Egela
Agric. Eng. Res. Inst., ARC.,Dokki, Giza
10.21608/jssae.2009.93119
The planting unit mechanisms of a Japanese rice transplanter was developed to suit narrow row spacing (20 cm) and to agree with technical recommendations for rice cultivation in Egypt (RRTC, 2001). The development included proper modifications of fingers, and cross-feed stroke mechanisms, seedlings tray ,and the supporting floats. The developed transplanter was tested under different operating speeds ( 6.98, 7.85 and 8.96 m/s) to get different spaces under actual field conditions. The investigated machine was evaluated in terms of : the transplanting efficiency, the uniformity of hill distribution, and crop yield.
The results showed that:
Lowest defective hills percentage (4.3 %) and the highest distribution uniformity of lateral space (99 %) was achieved as the developed machine at finger speed of 6.98 m/s. That may be compare to (3.9%) and (99.5%) for the transplanter before modifications.
Average hill depositing index were (1.04, 1.07 and 1.09) versus finger speeds of 6.98, 7.85 and 8.96 m/s, compared to (1.03, 1.05 and 1.06) for the transplanter before modification,
The actual hill space in row were varied from the adjusted one by an average decrement rate of 6.9 and 7.5 % for the machine before and after modification.
Average row spaces after modification were ( 19.96, 20 and 20.1 cm) versus finger speeds of 6.98, 7.85 and 8.96 m/s, with standard deviation of (±0.61, ± .71 and ± 0.87) respectively.
The grain yield and straw yields were almost more that before developing by 26 % <strong>.</strong>
narrow rows spacing,rice transplanter,planting unit mechanisms,Crop yield
https://jssae.journals.ekb.eg/article_93119.html
https://jssae.journals.ekb.eg/article_93119_10e9165fa64a2be77465e4d37e12f34e.pdf
Mansoura University, Faculty of Agriculture
Journal of Soil Sciences and Agricultural Engineering
2090-3685
2090-3766
34
5
2009
05
01
RESPONSE OF SOME WHEAT CULTIVARS TO DIFFERENT LEVELS OF NITROGEN
5639
5647
EN
M. I.
El-Kherbawy
Soil Science Dept ., Faculty of Agriculture, Cairo University,Egypt
Y. A.
Abdel-Aal
Soil Science Dept ., Faculty of Agriculture, Cairo University,Egypt
Mona F.
Abd El-Ghany
Soil Science Dept ., Faculty of Agriculture, Cairo University,Egypt
10.21608/jssae.2009.93120
Increasing wheat productivity under Egyptian conditions is one of the main targets of wheat agronomists. The yield of wheat is a function of many factors among them the cultivars and nitrogen fertilization being the most important ones. A filed experiment was carried out at Agricultural Research Station , Faculty of Agriculture , Cairo University during 2005/2006 season to evaluate the effect of nitrogen levels (0 , 50 , 75 Kg N fed<sup>-1</sup> ) in the form of urea on the yield , N content , harvest index% (HI%) and nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) of nine wheat cultivars (Giza 168, Sids 1, Sakha 93, Sakha 61, Gemmiza 9, Gemmiza 7, Sohag 3, Beni-Suif 1 and Beni-Suif 3). At harvest grain and straw yields were measured. Nitrogen content of grain and straw was determined. Harvest index% (HI%) and nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) were calculated.
Wheat cultivars were differed significantly in all characters , where Beni-Suif 1 gave the highest values of grain and straw yield , nitrogen content of grain and straw, HI and NUE. Meanwhile Sakha 93 recorded the lowest values.
Significant differences among the tested nitrogen levels were observed among characters studied. In this respect, the highest N level compared to without N supply, on average, increased grain yield by 43 % and straw yield by 55 %, but decreased HI % by 4 % and NUE by 28 %. Nitrogen content of grain and straw increased significantly with increasing N levels.
Wheat cultivars,N levels,NUE
https://jssae.journals.ekb.eg/article_93120.html
https://jssae.journals.ekb.eg/article_93120_5ad15265625a49806dc40640083442ed.pdf
Mansoura University, Faculty of Agriculture
Journal of Soil Sciences and Agricultural Engineering
2090-3685
2090-3766
34
5
2009
05
01
A NEW METHOD TO ESTIMATE TOTAL DISSOLVED SALTS IN SOIL SATURATUION EXTRACTS FROM ELECTERICAL CONDUCTIVITY UNDER EGYPTIAN CONDITIONS
5649
5657
EN
M. H.
El-Sayed
Soil, Water and Environment Res. Inst., Agric. Res. center, Giza, Egypt
M.M.I.
El-Kholy
Soil, Water and Environment Res. Inst., Agric. Res. center, Giza, Egypt
10.21608/jssae.2009.93121
Fifty two soil samples with different quantities and qualities of salt were taken from different places in Egypt to present the most soil types. A saturation extract from each sample was prepared and its electrical conductivity (EC) and total dissolved salts (S) were determined. Both EC and S values ranged from 0.74 to 185 dSm<sup>-1</sup> and from 0.44 to 309 g dm<sup>-3</sup>, respectively.
The relationship between S and EC was not linear. When the saturation extracts were diluted with progressively large quantities of distilled water [1(saturation extract):10, 25, 50, 100, 250, 500, 1000 (distilled water)] and their electrical conductivity were calculated (EC<sub>e</sub>) with the equation: EC<sub>e</sub> =(EC<sub>d</sub> –EC<sub>w</sub>)F, where EC<sub>d</sub> and EC<sub>w</sub> were the conductivity of the diluted extract and the distilled water, respectively, and F was the dilution factor, the relationship between S and EC<sub>e</sub> tended to be linear.
The highest linear correlation coefficient relating S (mg dm<sup>-3</sup>) and EC<sub>e</sub> (dS m<sup>-1</sup>) was reached when EC<sub>e</sub> values were calculated for dilution with an electrical conductivity (EC<sub>d</sub>) between 0.1 and 0.5 dSm<sup>-1</sup> (EC<sub>e</sub><sup>*</sup>). The regression equation was S=425 EC<sub>e</sub><sup>*</sup> with R<sup>2</sup>=0.989. This relationship can be used in all saturation extracts, regardless of the concentration and type of ions present.
Soil saturation extract,total dissolved salts and electrical conductivity
https://jssae.journals.ekb.eg/article_93121.html
https://jssae.journals.ekb.eg/article_93121_8171deb5ef045bc719b3fbdef733e201.pdf
Mansoura University, Faculty of Agriculture
Journal of Soil Sciences and Agricultural Engineering
2090-3685
2090-3766
34
5
2009
05
01
QUALITY OF SECONDARY WASTEWATER TREATMENT AT ZENIEN WASTE WATER TREATMENT PLANT
5659
5670
EN
S. M.
Ahmed
Soils, Water and Environment Res. Inst. ARC, Giza, Egypt
G. A. M.
El-sayed
Soils, Water and Environment Res. Inst. ARC, Giza, Egypt
R. M.
Abdrabu
Zenien Wastewater treatment plant, Giza, Egypt
10.21608/jssae.2009.93122
Zenien waste water treatment plant (wwtp) consists of flow measurement device, screens, pre-aeration unit, primary sedimentation tanks, grit chamber, activated sludge tanks which were supported with diffused aeration system, final sedimentation tanks, and chlorine contact chamber. Firstly, the wastewater passes through screen for large objects removal and is pre-aerated in pre-aerated unit, which is operated at retention time of 30 min., for oil and grease separation. The plant is operated at retention time of 2 h in the primary sedimentation tank, while the activated unit is operated at retention of 4 h. The secondary sedimentation tank is performed at retention time of 2 h and thirty min. The plant was designed for receiving a wastewater flow rate of 330,000 m<sup>3</sup>/d. The aim of this research is to evaluate the potential efficiencies of a secondary WWTP under Egyptian conditions in comparison with Egyptian code of wastewater reuse or disposal of to waterways.
Results showed that the overall removal percentages of Zenien WWTP in respect to TS and TSS were 31.9 and 95.2%, respectively, meanwhile the overall removal percentages of COD and BOD<sub>5</sub> were 91.6 and 95.3 %, respectively. The removal efficiencies of ammonia after the primary and secondary treatment were 27.9 and 48.7 %, respectively. The overall removal percentage of NH<sub>4</sub><sup>+</sup>-N was 63 %. Nitrate showed continual increases after the primary and secondary treatment. The increase percentages were 70 and 133.3 %, respectively. Total and fecal coliforms bacteria were removed at percentages of 99.99% after chlorination.
https://jssae.journals.ekb.eg/article_93122.html
https://jssae.journals.ekb.eg/article_93122_7c682501cfaf45ac4cf6be38b6266390.pdf
Mansoura University, Faculty of Agriculture
Journal of Soil Sciences and Agricultural Engineering
2090-3685
2090-3766
34
5
2009
05
01
EFFECT OF SOIL PROPERTIES ON THE SPESIFIC ADSORPTION OF ZINC BY SOME SOILS OF EGYPT.
5671
5681
EN
M. A.
Hussien
Soil and water Department of Agriculture Faculty Al-Azhar Uni
H. A.
Ahmed
Soil and water Department of Agriculture Faculty Al-Azhar Uni
M. N.
Ahmed
Soil and water Department of Agriculture Faculty Al-Azhar Uni
10.21608/jssae.2009.93123
The present work aims to study the effect of some soil properties on specifically adsorbed zinc in some soils of Egypt. Therefore , surface and subsurface soil samples with different physico – chemical characteristics were selected from different location. The result showed that the adsorption zinc correlated positively with all of clay +silt content, pH, calcium carbonate and cation exchange capacity. The data indicated that the adsorption Zn increased with increasing (pH) and increased with increasing the concentration of Zn added in solution. Zinc desorption decreased as the pH values increased.
specific adsorption,zinc,soil properties
https://jssae.journals.ekb.eg/article_93123.html
https://jssae.journals.ekb.eg/article_93123_4bfc49d39006b8abdb1ee65ddb2a573a.pdf
Mansoura University, Faculty of Agriculture
Journal of Soil Sciences and Agricultural Engineering
2090-3685
2090-3766
34
5
2009
05
01
MAIZE RESPONSE TO ZINC APPLICATION UNDER DEFFERENT PHOSPHORUS FERTILIZATION LEVELS, ITS NUTRIENTS UBTAKE, AND AVAILABILTY IN ALLOUVIAL SOILS
5683
5704
EN
F. I.
Zein
Soil, Water, and Environment Research Institute, ARC, Egypt
Asmaa A.
El- Basuony
Soil, Water, and Environment Research Institute, ARC, Egypt
H. S.
Hamoud
Soil, Water, and Environment Research Institute, ARC, Egypt
10.21608/jssae.2009.93124
Two field experiments were conducted during two successive seasons 2006 and 2007 at the experimental farm of Sakha Agric. Rec. Station, Kafer El- Sheikh Government. The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of zinc addition 0, 10, and 20 Kg/ fad. For Zn<sub>0</sub>(S) (control), Zn<sub>10</sub>(S), and Zn<sub>20</sub>(S), respectively or foliar application with or without urea, 2% urea [U(F)], 500 ppm Zn [Zn (F)] and 2% urea + 500 ppm Zn [U+ Zn ( F)], respectively under different levels of phosphorus fertilization 30, 45, and 60 Kg p<sub>2</sub>o<sub>5</sub> for P<sub>1, </sub>P<sub>2</sub>, and P<sub>3</sub> respectively on maize yield and its chemical composition. Ratherfore soil content of P , Zn , Fe, and Mn. The experiments were conducted in split plot design where P levels were the main plot and Zn treatments as were sub plot with four replicates.
<strong>The obtained results can be summarized as follows:</strong>
the yield and its components of maize were significantly affected by P and Zn fertilizer treatments.
Application of P<sub>3</sub> increased grain yield by 12.0 and 12.5% and biomass by 17.6 and 13.8 compared to control treatment (P<sub>1</sub>)in 2006 and 2007 seasons.
soil application of 10 Kg zn / fad. under P<sub>3</sub> level gave the highest value of grain yield in the two seasons. and of the biomass in the first season, meanwhile [U+ Zn(F)] treatment gave the highest biomass value in the second season. While, the highest value of 1000 grain weight were obtained by [Zn<sub>0</sub> (s)] and [U+ Zn (F)] treatments in the two seasons.
the maximum values of P maize grain content were obtained by Zn<sub>20</sub>(S) treatment under P<sub>3</sub> and P<sub>2</sub> in the two seasons respectively.
the maximum values of P maize stem content were obtained by [Zn<sub>10</sub>(s )]and [Zn (F)] treatments under P<sub>2 </sub> in the two seasons , respectively.
the maximum values of zn maize grain content were obtained by [U+ Zn (F)] treatment under P<sub>2 </sub> level, while [Zn (F)] treatment gave the maximum maize stem zn content under P<sub>3 </sub>level in the two seasons.
the maximum values of maize grain and stem Fe content were obtained by application of [U+ Zn(F)] treatment under P<sub>1</sub> level in the two seasons except grain in the first season. The same treatment also gave the maximum values of Mn of maize grain and stem under P<sub>3 </sub> level except the stem in the first season.
Translocation coefficient (TC%) of heavy metal from stem to grain can be arranged in the following decreasing sequence Zn > Mn> Fe.
Available P, Fe, and Mn increased by increasing P fertilizer levels from P<sub>1 </sub>to P<sub>3</sub>, while available Zn increased by increasing P fertilizer levels from P<sub>1</sub> to P<sub>2</sub> but at P<sub>3</sub> it decreased.
[U+ Zn (F)] treatment gave the highest available P, Fe, and Mn, while the highest available Zn was obtained by [Zn<sub>20</sub>(s)] treatment.
maize (Zea maize L.),phosphorus fertilizer,foliar application of Zn,and urea
https://jssae.journals.ekb.eg/article_93124.html
https://jssae.journals.ekb.eg/article_93124_09a9ed5e0942568cdff1e5b57c25c52d.pdf
Mansoura University, Faculty of Agriculture
Journal of Soil Sciences and Agricultural Engineering
2090-3685
2090-3766
34
5
2009
05
01
THE IMPACT OF PHOSPHORUS FERTILIZER SOURCES AND RATES ON CANOLA PLANT (Brassica napus L.) GROWN IN CALCAREOUS SOIL
5705
5714
EN
E. E. A. M.
Osman
Soil, Water and Environ. Res. Inst., Agric. Res. Center (ARC), Giza, Egypt.
F. A. F.
Zahran
Soil, Water and Environ. Res. Inst., Agric. Res. Center (ARC), Giza, Egypt.
A. I. E.
El-Shafie
Soil, Water and Environ. Res. Inst., Agric. Res. Center (ARC), Giza, Egypt.
10.21608/jssae.2009.93125
Two field experiments were carried out at El- Areish Agricultural Research Station, North Sinai Governorate during the two winter growing seasons of 2005/2006 and 2006/2007 to study the effect of canola varieties (Serw 4 and Bactol) with superphosphate and rock phosphate at rates (15.5 and 31 kg P<sub>2</sub>O<sub>5</sub> /fed.) on some yield components, seed yield and chemical composition of canola plant grown in calcareous soil.
<strong>Results can be</strong><strong> summarized as follows:</strong>
1- Variety Serw 4 was significantly higher than Bactol one for plant height only in the first season. Also, the higher rate of P fertilizer in form of superphosphate was better than other treatments in the first season.
2- Variety Serw 4 gave the highest significant value of seed weight/ plant (g) and oil yield (kg/fed.) in the first season, and oil yield (kg/fed.) in the second season compared to Bactol one. In addition, higher rate of P fertilizer for both P sources was better than lower one for seed weight/ plant (g), seed yield (kg/fed.) and protein % in the first season as well as seed yield (kg/fed.), oil yield (kg/fed.) and protein % in the second season. Variety Serw 4 received any of both P sources at higher level produced significantly better yield and its components than those recorded by other treatments.
3- The treatment of superphosphate and rock phosphate at higher rate gave a significant increase in N- uptake of canola plants in comparison with the other fertilization treatments in both seasons.
4- N- Uptake of variety Serw 4 fertilized with superphosphate at a rate of 31 kg P<sub>2</sub>O<sub>5</sub>/fed. was significantly higher than those obtained by others treatments.
https://jssae.journals.ekb.eg/article_93125.html
https://jssae.journals.ekb.eg/article_93125_0f421fdb903978ee4c188ab80abd520c.pdf
Mansoura University, Faculty of Agriculture
Journal of Soil Sciences and Agricultural Engineering
2090-3685
2090-3766
34
5
2009
05
01
LONG-TERM USE EFFECT OF ORGANIC, INORGANIC FERTILIZERS AND CROP ROTATION THROUGH NINETEEN YEARS ON SOME SOIL PROPERTIES IN PERMANENT EXPERIMENT AT BAHTIM. 2. SOIL CHEMICAL PROPERTIES.
5715
5726
EN
A. I. E.
El-Shafie
Soils, Water and Environ. Res. Inst., Agric. Res. Center (ARC), Giza, Egypt
H. M.
Khalil
Soils, Water and Environ. Res. Inst., Agric. Res. Center (ARC), Giza, Egypt
U. S.
El-Bialy
Soils, Water and Environ. Res. Inst., Agric. Res. Center (ARC), Giza, Egypt
10.21608/jssae.2009.93126
Representative disturbed soil samples of tow successive layers (0 – 30 and 30 – 60 cm) were collected from the permanent experimental plots at Bahtim to study the prolonged effect of permanent fertilization under two crop rotations namely, one and three years rotation on some soil chemical properties, i.e., electrical conductivity, soil reaction, soil organic matter content, total soluble ions and nutritional status (available N, P and K).
The obtained results indicated that the plots of 3-year rotation recorded significantly higher values of EC, pH and OM content. Sodium ion was the dominant cation in soil followed by Mg<sup>++</sup>, Ca<sup>++</sup> and K<sup>+</sup>, respectively, while SO<sub>4</sub><sup>--</sup> was the dominant anion followed by Cl<sup>-</sup> and HCO<sub>3</sub><sup>-</sup>. Also, all soluble cations except K<sup>+</sup>, and anions as well as available N and P were relatively higher under the three-years rotation than the one-year rotation. The adverse trend was found for soluble and available K. Organic manuring resulted in significantly higher values of EC and appreciable values of OM content than the other mineral fertilizers or unfertilized one while the adverse trend was true for pH. Also, soluble cations and anions were relatively higher due to applying organic manuring than the other fertilizers except for NPK fertilizer, which gave the same soluble anions. Farmyard manuring improved nutritional status in the soil compared with the other mineral fertilizers, where available N, P and K were higher due to applying organic manuring. The soil surface layer contained significantly higher OM as well as available N, P and K than the subsurface one, while the adverse trend was found for soluble cations, also, no clear trend was noticed for pH and soluble anions with soil profile depth.
No clear variation was occurred in the studied soil chemical properties such as available nutrients (N, P and K), soluble Ca<sup>++</sup> and Mg<sup>++</sup>, soluble anions and soil organic matter content with a relative increase of such property as a result of crop rotation and long-term fertilization throughout the last nineteen years. On the contrary, an adverse trend of EC and soluble Na<sup>+</sup> and K<sup>+</sup> was found due to fertilization and crop rotation while pH value took different trends due to crop rotation only. Also, the dominant soluble ions in 2007 differed from those in 1989 where Na<sup>+</sup> and So<sub>4</sub><sup>-- </sup>were the dominant ions in 2007.
https://jssae.journals.ekb.eg/article_93126.html
https://jssae.journals.ekb.eg/article_93126_b889b4eee77c80e25464b34abf97768d.pdf
Mansoura University, Faculty of Agriculture
Journal of Soil Sciences and Agricultural Engineering
2090-3685
2090-3766
34
5
2009
05
01
EFFECT OF DIFFERENT NITROGEN AND PHOSPHORUS SOURCES ON WHEAT YIELD, ITS COMPONENTS AND CHEMICAL CHARACTERISTICS UNDER DIFFERENT SOIL CONDITIONS
5727
5737
EN
U. S.
El-Bialy
Soils, Water and Environ. Res. Inst., Agric. Res. Center) ARC), Giza, Egypt
E. A. M.
Osman
Soils, Water and Environ. Res. Inst., Agric. Res. Center) ARC), Giza, Egypt
10.21608/jssae.2009.93127
A field experiment was conducted in two locations at Bahtim Agricultural Research Station, Kaluobia Governorate during the winter growing season, 2006/2007 to study the effect of different phosphorus sources, i.e., single superphosphate & triple superphosphate and different nitrogen fertilizers sources (ammonium sulphate, calcium nitrate and urea) on grain, straw and biological yields as well as nutrients uptake of wheat plant variety (Giza 168).
Results can be summarized as follows:
Generally, the grain, straw and biological yield of wheat plants grown on non-saline soil was twice or more than that resulted from saline soil.
In non-saline soil, there was a significant higher for single superphosphate on biological yield, while triple superphosphate achieved high values of P and Mn uptake in biological yield. Meanwhile, no significant differences were observed between sources of phosphorus fertilizer on the other nutrients uptake in biological yield. The source of phosphorus fertilizer had no significant effect on grain and straw yields of wheat plants as well as nitrogen uptake & protein % in grain, also, N, P and K uptake in straw yield. While, there was a significant increase due to the application of triple superphosphate on P, K, Fe, Zn and Mn in grain yield as well as Mn uptake in straw yield. Regarding the interaction effect of phosphorus and nitrogen fertilizer sources, there was no clear trend due to most cases of nutrients uptake by grain and straw yield.
In saline soil, triple superphosphate gave the highest significant values in all parameters under study compared to single superphosphate. Concerning of nitrogen fertilizer sources, ammonium sulphate gave the highest significant values in most parameters under study compared to other nitrogen sources. Regarding the interaction effect between phosphorus and nitrogen fertilizer sources, triple superphosphate with ammonium sulphate gave the highest values for the most parameters compared to other treatments.
Wheat,Yield component,P and N sources,P, N and Salinity interactions
https://jssae.journals.ekb.eg/article_93127.html
https://jssae.journals.ekb.eg/article_93127_268a9e7d7eedc2aacfa92ddbbe97f34a.pdf
Mansoura University, Faculty of Agriculture
Journal of Soil Sciences and Agricultural Engineering
2090-3685
2090-3766
34
5
2009
05
01
PHOSPHORUS AND POTASSIUM FERTILIZATION EFFECT ON TWO COTTON CULTIVARS YIELD AND SOIL AVAILABITLITY OF PHOSPHORUS AND POTASSIUM
5739
5751
EN
Asmaa A.
El- Bassuony
Soils, Water, and Environment Research Institute, ARC, Giza, Egypt
A. A. E.
Atwa
Soils, Water, and Environment Research Institute, ARC, Giza, Egypt
H. S.
Hamouda
Soils, Water, and Environment Research Institute, ARC, Giza, Egypt
10.21608/jssae.2009.93128
Two field experiments were conducted during two the successive summer seasons (2007 and 2008) at the experimental farm of Sakha Agric. Res. station, Kafer El- Sheikh Governorate. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of phosphorus fertilization levels (0, 22.5, and 45 Kg P<sub>2</sub>O<sub>5</sub>/ fad for P<sub>0</sub> (control), P<sub>1</sub>, and P<sub>2</sub>) and potassium fertilizer levels ( 0 and 50 K<sub>2</sub>O / fad for K<sub>0</sub> and K<sub>1</sub>, respectively) on yield of two cotton cultivars; Giza 86 (CV<sub>1</sub>) and Giza 88 (CV<sub>2</sub>) and the soil availability of phosphorus and potassium during cropping seasons. The experiments were conducted in split- split plot design where cotton cultivars as main plots, phosphorus fertilizer levels arranged as sub plot and potassium fertilization levels as sub– sub plot, with three replicates.
<strong>The obtained results can be summarized as following: </strong>
the yield of cotton was significantly affected by cultivars and fertilization levels of P and K.
Giza 88 attained higher yield compared to Giza 86.
Application of P<sub>1</sub> treatment produced significant higher yield (26.0 and 24.8% in the two season respectively) than that of P<sub>0</sub> (control) treatment. there were about 6.8 and 7.6% increase in cotton yield in crop fertilized with P<sub>2</sub> compared to that with P<sub>1 </sub>treatment.
Cotton yield was significantly increased by 13.3 and 12.5% in 2007 and 2008 seasons, respectively with K<sub>1</sub> treatment compared with control treatment (K<sub>0</sub>).
The maximum mean value of cotton yield were 11.7 and 11.5 Kentar/fad in 2007 and 2008 seasons were obtained with K<sub>1</sub> under P<sub>1</sub> and P<sub>2</sub>treatments, respectively for Giza 88 varity.
Application of P<sub>1</sub> increased the available P by 38, 45, and 37.7% in 2007 and 2008 seasons, respectively.
Available P is declined with P<sub>0</sub>, P<sub>1</sub>, and P<sub>2</sub> treatments as function of the growth stage of cotton.
The maximum mean value of available P (28.3 mg/ Kg soil) was obtained by application of K<sub>0</sub> under P<sub>2</sub> for CV<sub>1</sub> in April 2007 and 2008 seasons. the minimum mean values (8.0 and 7.5 mg/ Kg soil in September 2007 and 2008 seasons, respectively) were obtained by application of K<sub>0</sub> and K<sub>1</sub> under P<sub>0</sub> for CV<sub>2</sub> and CV<sub>1 </sub>, respectively.
Application of K<sub>1</sub> increased available K by (10.84 and 10.81% than that of K<sub>0</sub> (control) in 2007 and 2008 seasons, respectively.
The equilibrium of available K in the soil solution was re-established during cropping time.
https://jssae.journals.ekb.eg/article_93128.html
https://jssae.journals.ekb.eg/article_93128_4500d88bc2bdf63c4e994980a86311ce.pdf
Mansoura University, Faculty of Agriculture
Journal of Soil Sciences and Agricultural Engineering
2090-3685
2090-3766
34
5
2009
05
01
INFLUNCE OF SOIL AND FOLIAR APPLICATION OF SUPERPHOSPHATE AND POTASSIUM SULFATE ON MAIZE YIELD AND ITS ATTRIBUTES
5753
5762
EN
H. W. A.
Wahba
Soils, Water and Environ. Res. Inst., ARC, Giza, Egypt.
A. A.
Rahmou
Soils, Water and Environ. Res. Inst., ARC, Giza, Egypt.
A. M. A.
Ali
Soils, Water and Environ. Res. Inst., ARC, Giza, Egypt.
10.21608/jssae.2009.93129
Two field experiments were conducted at Mallawy Agricultural Research Station, Agric. Res. Center, El-Minia Governorate in summer seasons of 2006 and 2007 consecutively to study the effect of soil and foliar application of superphosphate and potassium sulfate on maize yield and its attributes and contents of N, P and K nutrients in ear leaf and kernels. Results indicated that foliar application of superphosphate at 10% concentration was significantly better than all other foliar applications involved in the current investigation in respect to kernel yield, ear length and ear diameter in the first season of (2006). Foliar application of potassium sulfate at 5% concentration was better than any other foliar application used in this investigation for producing kernel and ear yields in the second season of (2007). Foliar application of both superphosphate and potassium sulfate at 10% concentration gave the highest significant increase in N content in ear leaf and kernels in the second season of (2007).
foliar application,Superphosphate,Maize,Potassium sulfate,ear leaf,kernels
https://jssae.journals.ekb.eg/article_93129.html
https://jssae.journals.ekb.eg/article_93129_14416d2d14ac023042534ecebe02c3ef.pdf
Mansoura University, Faculty of Agriculture
Journal of Soil Sciences and Agricultural Engineering
2090-3685
2090-3766
34
5
2009
05
01
IMPACT OF IRRIGATION WITH DIFFERENT WATER QUALITIES ON SOME HEAVY METALS ACCUMULATION IN SOIL AND PLANTS GROWN THEREON.
5763
5772
EN
M. H.
El-Sayed
Soils, Water and Environ. Res. Inst., Agric. Res. Center, Giza, Egypt.
S. A.
El-Tohamy
Soils, Water and Environ. Res. Inst., Agric. Res. Center, Giza, Egypt.
M. M.
El-Kholy
Soils, Water and Environ. Res. Inst., Agric. Res. Center, Giza, Egypt.
10.21608/jssae.2009.93130
The aim of this study is to assess the extent of heavy metals contamination in soil and plants grown thereon (i.e., bean. clover, cotton and swiss chard) due to irrigation with different qualities of water. Therefore, soil, water and plant samples were taken from the investigated area, which located Eastern the Nile Delta, South Manzala lake and West canal of Suez. Soils of this area are, generally, irrigated with mixed water from El-Salam canal except for a small area that is irrigated with wastewater from Bahr El-Bakar drain. Results obtained showed that total concentrations of Zn, Cu, Ni, Pb, Cd. As and Se in the mixed water of El-Salam canal and wastewater of Bahr El Bakar drain were greatly less than the maximum levels allowed for irrigation .The sequence of irrigation water sources according to their contamination with heavy metals was El-Salam canal-2 water (1 El-Salam canal -1: 1 drainage water)> El-Salam canal-1 (7 Nile water: 1 drainage water) > Bahr El-Bakar drain water. Total concentrations of Zn, Cu, Pb, Cd, Ni and Se in the surface layer of studied soils ranged from 73.9 to 80.4, 50.8 to 55.1, 26.5 to 41.1, 0.66 to 1.5, 53.8 to 60.8 and 2.23 to 6.0 mg kg<sup>-1</sup>, respectively; whereas As was not found in a detectable concentration. Also, concentrations of the DTPA-extractable Zn, Cu, Pb, Cd and Se ranged from 0.82 to 1.25, 3.6 to 5.85, 0.53 to 0.82, 0.006 to 0.015 and 0. 043 to 0.12 mg kg<sup>-1</sup> soil, respectively. Whereas Ni and As were not found in detectable concentrations. Total accumulations of the concerned heavy metals in the soils were less than the maximum permissible loadings according to USEPA-503 regulations. Total content of Zn, Cu, Se, Pb and As in shoots and roots of the grown plants were, to a great extent, in the normal range. However total content of both Cd and Ni were slightly higher. Generally, the sequence of heavy metals in the studied plant shoots and roots according to their concentrations was as follows: Zn≥ Cu> Ni> Pb> Se> Cd>As. Total concentrations of Zn, Cu, and Ni in all plant shoots were mostly higher than in roots; whereas concentrations of As and Se in both shoots and roots were, more or less, the same. On the other hand, total contents of Pb and Cd in the roots were higher than in shoots.
Heavy metals,Soil,irrigation mixed water,wastewater and plant
https://jssae.journals.ekb.eg/article_93130.html
https://jssae.journals.ekb.eg/article_93130_1024569556e2d5bd58445da4aa432a98.pdf
Mansoura University, Faculty of Agriculture
Journal of Soil Sciences and Agricultural Engineering
2090-3685
2090-3766
34
5
2009
05
01
EFFECT OF COPPER OXYCHLORIDE, ELEMENTAL SULPHUR, AND RHIZOBIUM INOCULATION ON ROOT ROT DISEASE, NODULATION, AND GROWTH OF FABA BEAN PLANTS
5773
5783
EN
A. A.
Al-Kahal
Soils, Water and Environ. Res. Institute, Agric. Res. Center, Giza, Egypt
H.M.
Mansoor
Plant Pathology Res. Inst. ARC, Giza, Egypt
E.A.
Ashmawy
Plant Pathology Res. Inst. ARC, Giza, Egypt
10.21608/jssae.2009.93131
A pot experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of applying copper oxychloride at a rate of 100 ppm and elemental sulphur at a rate of 100 kg/ feddan as a fungicides and/or <em>Rhizobium</em> inoculation for controlling faba bean root rot disease caused by <em>Rhizoctonia solani</em> and <em>Fusarium solani.</em> Nodulation, growth and N-percentage of faba bean shoots were also evaluated. The results were as follows:
In soil infected with<em> Rhizoctonia</em> application of the fungicides alone or in combination with <em>Rhizobium</em> inoculation increased seedling emergence compared to that infected with<em> Rhizoctonia</em> only. Infection of faba bean with <em>Fusarium</em> showed lower emergence percentage compared to soil infected with <em>Rhizoctonai</em>. Copper oxychloride or sulphur had negative effect on seedling emergence for controlling faba bean root rot caused by <em>Fusarium solani. </em>The most effective treatment in reducing infection % caused by <em>Rhizoctonia solani</em> was recorded in soil treated with copper oxychloride or elemental sulphur.
<em>Rhizobium</em>Inoculationin soil infected with<em> Rhizoctonia solani</em> or <em>Fusarium solani</em> <em> </em>decreased significantly infection percentage. Application of copper oxychloride or combination of <em>Rhizobium</em> and copper oxychloride had no effect on the infection % with <em>Fusarium solani.</em> In faba bean plants infected with <em>Rhizoctonia solani</em>, application of copper oxychloride or sulphur with or without <em>Rhizobium</em> inoculation had no effect on nodulation status.
Concerning to the effect of <em>Fusarium solani</em> on nodulation status, the results indicated that infection with <em>Fusarium</em> had an inhibitory effect on the nodulation of faba bean even in the presence of the fungicides. There was a significant increase in dry weight of shoots in soil infected with<em> Rhizoctonia solani</em> and treated with copper oxychloride compared to control plants. <em>Rhizobium </em>inoculation also increased significantly dry weight of faba bean shoots. Application of the fungicides had no effect on dry weight of shoots in soil infected with <em>Fusarium solani</em>.
Copper oxychloride,sulphur,Rhizobium,Faba bean,Root rot disease
https://jssae.journals.ekb.eg/article_93131.html
https://jssae.journals.ekb.eg/article_93131_47c7f13d9611a4219986d1082c7fa587.pdf
Mansoura University, Faculty of Agriculture
Journal of Soil Sciences and Agricultural Engineering
2090-3685
2090-3766
34
5
2009
05
01
EVALUATING PERFORMANCE OF A POST HOLE DIGGER
5783
5793
EN
H.A.
El-Gendy
Agric. Eng. Res. Inst., ARC, Egypt.
S.N.
Abd El-Halim
Agric. Eng. Res. Inst., ARC, Egypt.
H.A.
Morghany
Agric. Eng. Res. Inst., ARC, Egypt.
A.M.
Aboukarima
Agric. Eng. Res. Inst., ARC, Egypt.
10.21608/jssae.2009.93132
Mechanization plays an essential role in agriculture and assures timely completion of farm operations. For planting trees, it is required to dig many holes to finish planting in certain time. This operation is done by helping of hole digger. It is the fastest method to dig holes by PTO driven implement, made for all types of soil and easy to transport. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of diameter of the hole digger and presence or absence shares on the tip of it on power requirements and time needed for evacuating soil from a hole. The study was carried out at Nubaria area "Ahmed Shouky village", the soil texture was sandy. The treatments included all possible combinations of diameter and presence or absence shares on the hole digger tip. Digging depth was accomplished to a 600 mm depth. The rotary speed for tractor PTO was constant at 540 rpm and decreased by hole digger gear-box to 350 rpm. The tractor had category III- three point hitch and power of 48.5 kW "65 hp". The required torque and time consumed to evacuate soil from a hole were measured. The auger diameter of the hole digger and presence or absence shares on the auger tip had significant effect on the required torque and time consumed to evacuate soil from a hole. The highest time consumed to evacuate soil from digging hole and the highest power requirement at dig hole were 105.96 s and 63.34 kW, respectively. The power requirement (kW) of hole digger could be obtained using auger diameter (D, mm) and index for shares (I = 0 or 1 when the shares on the auger tip were presented or absent, respectively) as follows:
<strong> </strong>R<sup>2</sup>=0.995
https://jssae.journals.ekb.eg/article_93132.html
https://jssae.journals.ekb.eg/article_93132_a7462be6d70fce58fcb208e48977e651.pdf
Mansoura University, Faculty of Agriculture
Journal of Soil Sciences and Agricultural Engineering
2090-3685
2090-3766
34
5
2009
05
01
EFFECT OF MINERAL AND BIO-FERTILIZATION ON NPK AVAILABILITY, UPTAKE, AND MAIZE YIELD.
5795
5808
EN
Asmaa A.
El-Basuony
Soils, Water and Environment Research Institute, Agric. Res. Center.
E. A.
Belal
Agricultural Botany Dept. , Fac. of Agric., Kafr El-Sheikh Univ., Egypt
A. A. E.
Atwa
Soils, Water and Environment Research Institute, Agric. Res. Center.
10.21608/jssae.2009.93134
Two field trails were conducted during the two successive seasons 2007-2008 on maize plants at the experimental farm of Sakha Agric. Res. Station, Kafr El- Sheikh Governorate, Egypt. The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of maize grain treated with <em>Azotobacter </em><em>chroococcum</em> and <em>Bacillus megatherium</em> and their combinations with NPK under three N-levels; 80, 100, and 120 kg N/fad for N1, N2, and N3 to increase yield, NPK uptake by maize plants and the availability of NPK in the soil. The experiments were conducted in split plot design, with three replicates. <strong>The observed results can be summarized as follows:</strong>
The yield and components of maize, NPK uptake and the availability of NPK in the studied soil were affected significantly by biofertilizer treatments and N-levels.
The maximum values of available N were obtained by the application of <em>Azotobacter chroococcum </em>and <em>Bacillus magetherium</em> with NPK under N3 treatment. the maximum values of available P were recoded by the application of <em>Bacillus megatherium</em> with NPK under N3 treatment.
Combination of <em>A.chroococcum, B.megatherium</em>, and NPK fertilizers under N3 significantly increased grain yield (20.9 and 17.9%), straw yield (16.8 and 20.6%), 100-grain weight (9.9 and 13.3%), ear weight (21.0 and 18.0) and N, P, and K uptake by maize grain [(35.1 and 31.3%), (21.2 and 26.9%) and (18.1 and 31.1%)] over the control for N, P, and K, respectively, in 2007 and 2008 seasons. While shelling percentage did not significantly affected by different treatments. The application of these results should help in reducing environmental pollution.
Maize (Zea mays L),biofertilizer,Azotobacter Chroococcum,Bacillus megatherium,Mineral fertilization
https://jssae.journals.ekb.eg/article_93134.html
https://jssae.journals.ekb.eg/article_93134_9e2a4c1c2a382ed06a2e3339728074c5.pdf
Mansoura University, Faculty of Agriculture
Journal of Soil Sciences and Agricultural Engineering
2090-3685
2090-3766
34
5
2009
05
01
EFFECT OF PRECISION LAND LEVELING, PLANTING METHOD AND BIOFERTILIZER APPLICATION ON RICE GRAIN YIELD IN SANDY SOILS
5809
5822
EN
O.T.
Bahnas
Agric. Eng. Res. Inst. Agric. Res. Center.
E.M.
Arif
Agric. Eng. Res. Inst. Agric. Res. Center.
S.N.
Abd El-Haleim
Agric. Eng. Res. Inst. Agric. Res. Center.
10.21608/jssae.2009.93136
This study was carried out at Kalabsho Region, El-Dakhlia Governorate, during 2006 summer season to find out the effect of precision land leveling and planting method on rice grain yield under biofertilizer application in the sandy soils. The experiment was established and designed statistically as a split split plots with three replicates. The main plots were located for the precision land leveling treatment levels of 0, 0.01, 0.02 and 0.03% slope, comparing with the traditional leveling, the sub plots were devoted for the rice planting methods of manual broadcasting, manual transplanting and mechanical drilling and the sub sub plots were involved the biofertilizer treatment using the Blue green Algae, comparing with the bereaved of biofertilizer.
<strong>The obtained results could be summarized as follows:</strong>
1. The laser control equipment achieved the higher field capacity of 30.45 m<sup>3</sup>/h at 2.65 km/h forward speed and 0.03% leveling slope, while, the traditional scraper achieved the higher field capacity of 17.68 m<sup>3</sup>/h at 2.56 km/h forward speed.
2. Applying the precision land leveling under the biofertilization conditions achieve lower values of soil bulk density and soil penetration resistance than the traditional leveling by about 7 and 2 %, respectively.
3. Applying the precision land leveling under the biofertilization conditions achieved higher concentration of the available soil N, P and K than the traditional leveling by about 6, 20 and 8%, respectively.
4. Applying the precision land leveling of 0.02% slope and adobting the mechanical drilling under the biofertilization conditions achieved the higher rice grain yield of 4.18 ton/fed.
Finally, it is recommended to apply the precision land leveling and adobt the mechanical drilling under the biofertilization conditions to achieve higher rice grain yield in the sandy soils.
https://jssae.journals.ekb.eg/article_93136.html
https://jssae.journals.ekb.eg/article_93136_d1643bcd42fa4e00aaf750c6013fac3d.pdf
Mansoura University, Faculty of Agriculture
Journal of Soil Sciences and Agricultural Engineering
2090-3685
2090-3766
34
5
2009
05
01
DETERMINE OF WHEAT HARVEST SYSTEMS REQUIREMENTS
5823
5835
EN
M.H.M.
Abo-El-Naga
Agric. Eng. Res. Inst., ARC, Egypt
H. A.
El-Gendy
Agric. Eng. Res. Inst., ARC, Egypt
G.G.
Radwan
Agric. Eng. Res. Inst., ARC, Egypt
10.21608/jssae.2009.93139
To upgrade a harvest system of wheat crop, required that, minimized all losses, cost and energy consumed, fulfill that by determine and completeness all losses, cost and energy consumed for all different operations and systems traditional and available of harvest wheat crop. The field experiments were carried out in Dakahlia Governorate during two seasons (2007 – 2008) with all available and traditional harvest systems for wheat crop on a variety of wheat crop Sakha 9 and determine all losses, cost and energy consumed. The results obtained from all available and traditional harvest operations for wheat crop indicated that the optimum system of harvest wheat crop obtained by (A2+C2+D1) [Reaping by self-propelled mower with bundling device + Transport by animal and wooden cart + Threshing by Turkish machine] at grain losses about 4.5%, straw losses about 14.5%, energy requirement of 1000.24 MJ/fed and criterion cost of 1195.73 L.E/fed.
https://jssae.journals.ekb.eg/article_93139.html
https://jssae.journals.ekb.eg/article_93139_5e681f13316d6617e0978e10638f85aa.pdf
Mansoura University, Faculty of Agriculture
Journal of Soil Sciences and Agricultural Engineering
2090-3685
2090-3766
34
5
2009
05
01
THE USE OF GIS FOR DETECTION AND IDENTIFICATION OF OCCURRENCE OF PETROCALCIC AND PETROGYPSIC HORIZONS IN THE CULTIVATED LANDS OF MARYOUT REGION, EGYPT
5837
5852
EN
S.
Sawy
Soil and Water Dept. Fac. of Agric. Cairo. Univ
A.A.
Abd El-Hady
Soil and Water Dept. Fac. of Agric. Cairo. Univ
I. A.
Yousif
Soil and Water Dept. Fac. of Agric. Cairo. Univ
10.21608/jssae.2009.93140
The present work aims at using GIS, remote sensing and soil data, as a mean for detection and identification of Petrocalcic and Petrogypsic horizons in the cultivated areas of Maryout region, North-Western Coast of Egypt. The area under investigation bounded by longitudes 29° 35` 13.60˝ and 29° 57` 03.25˝ East and latitudes 30° 45` 00.15˝ and 30° 56` 35.47˝ North with a total area of about 757.80 km<sup>2</sup> (180428.57 feddans).
Remote Sensing (RS) and GIS are incorporated to execute the soil base map. Results of thirty nine soil profiles located in the studied area were used as a database for the present study. Twenty soil profiles were dug and described to represent the SMUs. Soil samples were collected for the Laboratory analyses according to the differences in the morphological properties and stored as attributes in a geographical soil database linked with the soil map units. Based on the morphological description and analytical data the soils are classified as Typic Haplocalcids; Typic Petrocalcids; Typic Calcigypsids; Typic Haplogypsids; Petrocalcic Petrogypsids; and Typic Petrogypsids. Four dominant diagnostic horizons were observed in the studied soils; Calcic, Gypsic, Petrocalcic and Petrogypsic horizon. Based on the field observations and using RS and GIS we could define the different diagnostic horizons in the studied area.
Spatial interpolation, using exact interpolator [nearest neighborhood (Thiessen polygon)] between the field observations was used to drive the distribution of current diagnostic horizon. Results showed that, Calcic horizon occupies 349.51 km<sup>2</sup>, Petrogypsic horizon occupies 168.36 km<sup>2</sup>, Petrocalcic horizon occupies 63.08 km<sup>2</sup>, and Gypsic horizon occupies 16.77 km<sup>2</sup>. Results also showed that, there is some factors affect the formation of Petrocalcic and Petrogypsic horizons namely: land use, parent material, land form, slope gradient. From the previous finding it can be concluded that, soils having these horizons need a special management in order to avoied the effect of these horizons. Also we can concluded that GIS with other source of data are a suitable tool for detection, prediction and planning studies and consequently for decision making in the studied area.
GIS,Remote Sensing,detection,Petrocalcic,Petrogypsic,Maryout,Egypt
https://jssae.journals.ekb.eg/article_93140.html
https://jssae.journals.ekb.eg/article_93140_51a7a404855f896cb62df6dd3a4110ad.pdf
Mansoura University, Faculty of Agriculture
Journal of Soil Sciences and Agricultural Engineering
2090-3685
2090-3766
34
5
2009
05
01
THE UTILIZATION OF A METERING PLATE DEVICE FOR COWPEA PLANTING
5853
5867
EN
Z. E.
Ismail
Agirc. Eng. Dept., Fac. of Agric. Mansoura Univ.
ismailze221@mans.edu.eg
E. H.
El-Hanify
Inst. For Efficient Productivity, Zagazig Univ. Egypt.
Nahed K.
Ismail
Agric. Eng. Res. Inst., Agric. Res. Center.
10.21608/jssae.2009.93142
This study is carried out to evaluate the actual relationship between the three hole areas (9.62, 15.90 and 23.76 mm<sup>2</sup>) and the feeding device parameters (seeding speed, peripheral speed of metering wheel device. The hole of feeding device was controlled by seed lever control which lies in seed tank bottom. All parameters were measured at constant level of seed brush parameters. Quality of feed, miss, multiple indexes and preciseness of seed index are the most common characteristics used to evaluate the metering wheel device performance. Varies physical properties of seeds including seeds density, projected area, sphericity and one thousand seeds mass are the most important factors in determining the optimum levers dimensions for metering device. The highest seed feed index was achieved on the seed plate with oblong holes (A<sub>ob2</sub>) for all cowpea moisture content (M<sub>1</sub> of 64.45%; M<sub>2</sub> of 56.13% and M<sub>3</sub> of 49.74%), and the plates with circular holes followed this. The lowest seeding feeding ratio was obtained from the experiments using the plates with oblong hole (A<sub>ob1</sub>). The highest seed feed index was with moisture content (M<sub>1</sub>=86.08%) at 1.0 km/h, whereas the lowest the seed feed index was with M3 (46.21%) at 4.0 km/h. When the seed feed index was 86.73%, 79.77% and 74.56% for M1, M2 and M3 cowpea moisture content at 1.0 km/h planting speed, the seed feed index reached 71.04%, 61.07% and 46.21%, respectively, in a planting speed of 4.0 km/h. The changing planting speed had a greater effect on the feed index of M3 cowpea seed on the other 2 seed moisture content.
Planter,seed device,bean planting,horizontal wheel device,seed lever control and systems analysis of seed feeding
https://jssae.journals.ekb.eg/article_93142.html
https://jssae.journals.ekb.eg/article_93142_cb11f97e07f051e128092fff60af6878.pdf
Mansoura University, Faculty of Agriculture
Journal of Soil Sciences and Agricultural Engineering
2090-3685
2090-3766
34
5
2009
05
01
IMPROVING PERFORMANCE OF A SEED DRILL FOR DEPOSITING MINERAL FERTILIZER
5869
5880
EN
E. H.
El-Hanfy
Inst. For Efficient Productivity, Zagazig Univ. Egypt.
10.21608/jssae.2009.93144
In Egypt the fertilizer in wheat are generally applied as broadcast before and during seeding. This is wasteful method of fertilizer application as only 15-20% of applied fertilizer is utilize by wheat crop. The present investigation aim to modify seed drill to placement fertilizer at desired depth sub seeds. The modified seed drill provided with fertilizer opener fixed between every two seed furrow opener in order to seed and fertilizer drilling at different depths and covering the seed and fertilizer simultaneously in a single operation. During the field testing, observations such as depth of seed and fertilizer placement, vertical distance between seed and fertilizer, germination capacity, plant emergence and population plant stand seed and fertilizer rates are recorded. The modified seed drill could be used for seeding a variety of crop. Which could result in 40% and 33% saving of Phosphates and Nitrogen fertilizer respectively also increased plant population by 30% and 14% compared with seeding and applied fertilizer by seed drill and seeding by seed drill and broadcast fertilize.
https://jssae.journals.ekb.eg/article_93144.html
https://jssae.journals.ekb.eg/article_93144_725ec9603f2b0261a7c9b3b62d781de5.pdf