Mansoura University, Faculty of Agriculture
Journal of Soil Sciences and Agricultural Engineering
2090-3685
2090-3766
9
11
2018
11
01
Effect of Anaerobic Fermentation Temperature on Three Different Types of Low-Grade Saudi Dates for Producing Ethanol Fuel
535
541
EN
N.
Alashmawe
Agric. Eng. Res. Inst., Agric. Research Center, Giza, Egypt
K.
Ehmed
Agric. Eng. Res. Inst., Agric. Research Center, Giza, Egypt
M.
Younis
Agric. Eng. Res. Inst., Agric. Research Center, Giza, Egypt
A.
Alhamdan
College of Food & Agricultural Sciences; King Saud University; Riyadh 11451; Saudi Arabia
10.21608/jssae.2018.36483
The present work aims to study the effect of anaerobic fermentation temperature on the production of ethanol fuel for three different types of sugar compositions in dates that commonly produced in Saudi Arabia. The fermentation temperature is considered as the most important factors affecting the production of ethanol. The obtained data referred that the ethanol yields from Sukkari dates were 107.6 cm<sup>3</sup> L<sup>–1</sup> juice, 123.3 cm<sup>3</sup> L<sup>–1 </sup> juice, and 96.6 cm<sup>3</sup> L<sup>–1</sup> juice, during anaerobic fermentation temperatures of 30°C, 35°C, and 40°C, respectively. Whilst, the ethanol yields from Khlass dates were 111.0 cm<sup>3</sup> L<sup>–1</sup> juice, 122.0 cm<sup>3 </sup>L<sup>–1</sup> juice, and 128.0 cm<sup>3</sup> L<sup>–1</sup> juice during the same fermentation temperatures. Ultimately, the Berhi dates produced 121.0 cm<sup>3</sup> L<sup>–1</sup> juice, 136.0 cm<sup>3 </sup>L<sup>–1</sup> juice, and 136.0 cm<sup>3 </sup>L<sup>–1</sup> juice, under the same fermentation temperatures. The obtained results showed that the production of ethanol would directly proportional to the ratio of glucose and fructose composition in dates.
dates,fermentation,sugar,glucose and fructose
https://jssae.journals.ekb.eg/article_36483.html
https://jssae.journals.ekb.eg/article_36483_15397238f2056d6b356db09219cef132.pdf
Mansoura University, Faculty of Agriculture
Journal of Soil Sciences and Agricultural Engineering
2090-3685
2090-3766
9
11
2018
11
01
Implications of Applying Nano-Hydroxyapatite and Nano-Iron Oxide on Faba Bean (Vicia faba L.) Productivity
543
548
EN
M.
Abdel-Salam
Soil and Water Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Benha University.
10.21608/jssae.2018.36469
Nano P fertilization and nano Fe foliar spray were assessed for their effect on productivity of faba bean (Vicia faba L.) grown on a light clay soil in Meet-Halfa, Qalubiya governorate, Egypt in a factorial randomized complete block field experiment involving two factors : 1-<em>P application</em> with 5 treatments: P<sub>0</sub>,P<sub>1</sub>,P<sub>2</sub>,P<sub>3</sub> and P<sub>4</sub> i.e. none, 20 kg P ha<sup>-1 </sup>(as triple super phosphate TSP), 40 kg P ha<sup>-1</sup>(as TSP), 20 kg P ha<sup>-1</sup>(as nano-hydroxyapatite HANP) and 40 kg P ha<sup>-1</sup>(as HANP) respectively; 2-<em>Fe foliar spray</em> with 4 treatments: Fe<sub>0</sub>, Fe<sub>1</sub>, Fe<sub>2 </sub>andFe<sub>3 </sub>i.e. none, 150 mg Fe L<sup>-1 </sup>(as nano iron oxide Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub>), 300 mg Fe L<sup>-1 </sup>(as nano Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub>) and 300 mg Fe L<sup>-1 </sup>(as Fe-EDTA) respectively. Rate of spray was 1200 L ha<sup>-1</sup>. At either low or high rate, nano P, was more effective than non-nano P in increasing plant height and number of pods. For seed yield and N, P and Fe uptake by seeds at the same rate of P, the high rate of nano-P gave higher values than the high rate of TSP-P. Though the low rate of nano-P ranked third next to the high rate of TSP-P, the difference between the low rate of nano-P and the high rate of TSP-P was slight. Nano iron in both rates (the high and the low) was the most effective iron treatment. It increased the values of different parameters at low and high doses as follows: 11.8 and 20.1% for seed yield respectively. Respective increases for other traits are 25.6 and 35.5% for plant height; 21.8 and 36.9% for number of pods, 16.2 and 32.4%for N uptake ;15.7 and 31.0% for P uptake and 45.4 and 70.13% for Fe uptake.
Nano-Hydroxyapatite - Nano-Iron - Faba Bean – N,P and Fe uptake
https://jssae.journals.ekb.eg/article_36469.html
https://jssae.journals.ekb.eg/article_36469_1ef0e74c2d296d4afe7780e114ba5094.pdf
Mansoura University, Faculty of Agriculture
Journal of Soil Sciences and Agricultural Engineering
2090-3685
2090-3766
9
11
2018
11
01
Combining Mycorrhizal Inoculation and Basil Plants (Ocimum basilicum) for Remediating A Ni-Polluted Soil
549
555
EN
M.
Abdel-Salam
Soil and Water Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Benha University, Egypt.
10.21608/jssae.2018.36471
The current study was conducted using basil plants (<em>Ocimum basilicum</em>) combined with mycorrhizal inoculation to remediate a Ni-polluted soil. Basil plants were cultivated for 90 days under different levels of artificially Ni-pollution 0, 200, 400, 600, 800 and 1000 mg Ni kg<sup>-1</sup> soil. Mycorrhiza increased fresh weight by18.27 and 47.80% and dry weight by14.79 and 46.32% for shoots and roots, respectively. Mycorrhiza increased basil potentials in extracting and immobilizing Ni and its uptake by plants increased by 53.43% and 187.59% for shoot and root respectively in presence of mycorrhiza. Mycorrhiza decreased the value of translocation factor (TF). A marked decrease in mycorrhizal infection occurred due to exposure to high level of Ni-pollution.
Pollution – Nickel – Remediation –Mycorrhiza – Basil
https://jssae.journals.ekb.eg/article_36471.html
https://jssae.journals.ekb.eg/article_36471_4ddb543ac58cedcedc617144eb9c7f30.pdf
Mansoura University, Faculty of Agriculture
Journal of Soil Sciences and Agricultural Engineering
2090-3685
2090-3766
9
11
2018
11
01
Water Requirements and Irrigation Scheduling Maize Crop by Empirical Equations Using Lysemters
557
560
EN
A.
El-Henawy
Soils & Water Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Kafrelsheikh University, Egypt
Fatma
Elsayed
Soils & Water Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Kafrelsheikh University, Egypt
10.21608/jssae.2018.36472
A lysimeters experiment was designed to study how to manage irrigation scheduling using different empirical equations compared to traditional irrigation method. Design of experiment was random block with three replicates. The experiment was repeated in two successive seasons (2016 and 2017) using maize crop. Four irrigation treatments were used as T<sub>1</sub>for traditional, T<sub>2 </sub>by Belany - Criddle equation, T<sub>3</sub> by Radiation equation and T<sub>4</sub> by penman equation. All irrigation treatments were inserted by 70% of soil water depletion. The results showed that T<sub>3</sub> had the highest values of water productivity (0.89 kg/m<sup>3</sup>) and productivity of irrigation (0.63 kg/m<sup>3</sup>) as an overall average of the two seasons. Data revealed also that T<sub>1</sub> had the highest overall mean values applied water fed) revealed that the highest overall mean values for water applied was recorded under T1 (3862.n and water consumptive use (3862.47 m<sup>3</sup>/fed &2826.02 m<sup>3</sup>/fed). The results indicated that the highest values for grain yield was recorded by irrigation treatment T<sub>3</sub> with values of 2013.90 and 1925.53 kg/fed as well as 16.33 and 18.37cm for ear length in the first and second season, respectively. Also, 100 grain weight and plant height had the highest values by treatment T<sub>3</sub> as compared to treatment T<sub>1</sub>, T<sub>2</sub> and T<sub>4</sub>. Under the condition of this study recommends that, the farmers under the experimental area who cultivate maize crop should irrigate every 11 days to maximize the productivity for crop and both of water productivity and productivity of irrigation water.
https://jssae.journals.ekb.eg/article_36472.html
https://jssae.journals.ekb.eg/article_36472_01b7cafc4c0d5d230645b67600f8bd8a.pdf
Mansoura University, Faculty of Agriculture
Journal of Soil Sciences and Agricultural Engineering
2090-3685
2090-3766
9
11
2018
11
01
Predicted Speciation and Mineral Solid Phases of some Heavy Metals in Sludge - amended Soil
561
566
EN
S.
El-Gendi
Soil, Water and Envi. Res. Inst., Agric. Res. Center, Giza, Egypt
A.
El-Desoky
Soils and Water Sci. Dept., Fac. of Agric., Al-Azhar Univ., Assuit, Egypt.
M.
Khalafalla
Soils and Water Sci. Dept., Fac. of Agric., Al-Azhar Univ., Assuit, Egypt.
10.21608/jssae.2018.36465
Speciation of heavy metals exerts important controls on chemical behavior, solubility, toxicity, adsorption and even physical properties of solutions (Ure and Davidson 2002). In the present study, speciation and mineral–solid phase of Cd, Ni, and Pb in solution of soil prolonged irrigated with sewage effluent were predicted using GEOCHEM model (Sposito and Mattigod (1980) and constructed stability diagrams (Sposito ,1989 and Lindsay ,1979).The present data indicate that total contents of all tested metals have increased dramatically as a result of sludge amending, particularly, for Cd. In virgin soil solution, the results of speciation indicated that, free species M<sup>2+</sup> was the prevalent form (60.35%) followed by carbonate species MCO<sub>3</sub>aq (20.12%), MSO<sub>4 </sub>(5.93%), MHCO<sub>3</sub><sup>+</sup>(5.56%), MOH<sup>+</sup>(4.21%) and MCL<sup>+</sup>(4.21%), while in sludge – soil solution the sequence was; M-DOC (41.92%), followed by MHPO<sub>4 </sub>species (26.74%), M<sup>2+</sup>( 20.07%) , MHCO3<sup>+</sup>(4.22%), MSO<sub>4 </sub>aq (3.49%) and MCO<sub>3 </sub>aq (2.02%). It is clear from the results that amending soil with sludge decreases active portion (M<sup>+2</sup>) contribution to total speciation of the tested metals. In virgin soil, the majority of both Cd and Ni was (M<sup>+2</sup>) species. It amounted (79.03%) and (83.8%) , respectively . While MCO<sub>3</sub>aq was the prominent for pb (55.86%). In sludge-soil, Pb was almost exclusively in organically complexed forms (88.54%), while the majority species of Ni was M<sup>+2 </sup>(38.56%) and for Cd, CdHPO<sub>4aq</sub> (58.72%). The data also showed that in sludge- soil the activities (Ml<sup>-1</sup>) of both Pb and Ni decreased by 26% and 72%, respectively, compared to their corresponding values in virgin soil. Meanwhile, the activity of Cd increased. These findings suggesting that amending soil with sludge probably inhibit activities of some metals, while promote activity of others. The data showed that the values of activities of Cd in virgin soil was closed to the solubility of CdCO<sub>3</sub> (log CO<sub>2</sub>=-2.52) and CdSO<sub>4</sub>-2Cd (OH)<sub>2</sub> at (log So<sub>4</sub>=-2) , while in sludge soil ,the value of Cd<sup>+2 </sup>was under saturated with respect the constructed Cd- minerals. This suggested that other possible solid phase of cadmium may be controlling its activity in that soil .Also , the data suggested that activity of Ni<sup>+2</sup> in virgin soil is governed by Ni<sub>3</sub>(PO<sub>4</sub>)<sub>2</sub> in equilibrium by gypsite. While in sludge-soil, value of Ni<sup>+2</sup>was controlled by Ni<sub>3 </sub>(PO<sub>4</sub>)<sub>2</sub> in equilibrium with Ca- phosphate mineral at (log CO<sub>2</sub>= -4.52). Also, the results indicated that Pb<sub>3</sub>(CO<sub>3</sub>)<sub>2</sub>(OH)<sub>2</sub>was the possible solid phase which may be controlled the activity of Pb<sup>+2 </sup>, in both virgin and sludge soil.
sewage effluent,Heavy metals,speciation,stability diagrams
https://jssae.journals.ekb.eg/article_36465.html
https://jssae.journals.ekb.eg/article_36465_404f0b5406481ba29da3c4c509048326.pdf
Mansoura University, Faculty of Agriculture
Journal of Soil Sciences and Agricultural Engineering
2090-3685
2090-3766
9
11
2018
11
01
Improvement of Wheat Root Zone and Productivity in Heavy Clay Salt Affected Soil
567
573
EN
H.
Khafagy
Soils, Water and Environment Res. Inst., Agric. Res. Center, Egypt
A.
Salama
Agronomy Dept., Fac.Agric, Mansoura University, Egypt.
10.21608/jssae.2018.36486
A field experiment was conducted at North Nile Delta (Kafer El-Shiek Governorate, Egypt), during the two winter seasons (2015/2016 and 2016/2017). In order to evaluate, the effect of open drains spacing (10-m, 15-m, 20-m) and irrigation intervals (15 and 20-days intervals irrigation) under gypsum application (3tonfed.<sup>-1</sup>) on some soil properties, wheat productivity and affected of irrigated water (PIW). The results showed that: Soil salinity was reduced from10.03 to 7.32 dSm<sup>-1</sup> and soil sodicity from 17.31 to 14.31, after two seasons from treatments application. Narrow drain spacing is superior at wider spacing in reducing soil salinity and sodicity. The average values were 6.59, 7.20 and 8.18 dSm<sup>-1</sup> of salinity and 13.99, 14.25 and 14.68 of sodicity for 10-m, 15-m and 20-m spacing, respectively. Narrow irrigation intervals (15-days) decreased about 1.38dSm<sup>-1</sup> of soil salinity and 0.76 of soil sodicity than wider irrigation intervals (20-days). Treatments application especially narrow spacing and narrow irrigation intervals with gypsum tend to increase Ca<sup>++</sup>/TSS and decreased Na<sup>+</sup>/TSS ratios. Treatments application especially narrow spacing and lower irrigation intervals seemed to be more effective in enhancing soil bulk density, total soil porosity, basic infiltration rate and cumulative infiltration. Application of treatments caused significant increases in wheat yields. The increases of wheat grains yield were 20.14 and 9.59% in the first season and 17.50 and 9.74% in the second season for 10-m and 15-m open drain spacing, respectively than 20-m drain spacing. The corresponding values of wheat straw yields were 11.44 and 6.16% in the first season and 10.70 and 6.16% in the second season, respectively. 15-days irrigation intervals caused higher wheat grain yields than 20-days irrigation intervals by 9.67 and 10.23 % in the first and second season, respectively. The corresponding values of wheat straw yield were 9.07 and 9.60 %, respectively. The interaction between narrow drainge spacing combined with low irrigation intervals tend to increasing wheat yields. PIW was superior to with narrow spacing and narrow irrigation interval, and the highest values were achieved under10-m drainge spacing with 15-days irrigation interval, while the lowest values were under 20-m drainge spacing with 20-days irrigation interval. Finally, narrow drainge spacing with reduce of irrigation intervals under gypsum application tend to improve physio-chemical characteristics of heavy clay salt affected soils, increase production and PIW for wheat crop.
clay soil,Drainge,Irrigation,productivity,wheat crop
https://jssae.journals.ekb.eg/article_36486.html
https://jssae.journals.ekb.eg/article_36486_39f6b6d5656cf76031041ec1aa581227.pdf
Mansoura University, Faculty of Agriculture
Journal of Soil Sciences and Agricultural Engineering
2090-3685
2090-3766
9
11
2018
11
01
Effect of Calcium Humate, Nitrogen Fertilizer Rates and Irrigation Regime on Soil Chemical Properties and Faba Bean Productivity
575
586
EN
Hanaa
Zein El-Abdeen
Soils, Water and Environ. Res. Inst., Agric. Res.Center (ARC), Giza, Egypt
F.
Khalil
Soils, Water and Environ. Res. Inst., Agric. Res.Center (ARC), Giza, Egypt
Wafaa
El-Etr
Soils, Water and Environ. Res. Inst., Agric. Res.Center (ARC), Giza, Egypt
10.21608/jssae.2018.36479
A field experiment was conducted at Malawi Agric. Res. Station, Minia Governorate, Egypt during two successive winter seasons of 2014/2015 and 2015/2016 to study the effect of calcium humate (Ca-H), as organic soil conditioner, and nitrogen fertilizer rate under irrigation regime on soil chemical properties and faba bean productivity. The experiment was designed in a split plot design with three replicates, the main plots were occupied by three irrigation regimes: Farmer irrigation (I<sub>1</sub>), irrigation requirement with 100% WR (I<sub>2</sub>) and irrigation 75% WR(I<sub>3</sub>) while sub-plots consists of four treatments (control, 100% N(recommended dose) , Ca-Humate (40 Lfed<sup>-1</sup>) and 75% N + Ca-Humate (40 Lfed<sup>-1</sup>). Results showed that seasonal water consumptive use increased by increasing available soil moisture as a result of increasing applied water, in general, in both growth seasons. The greatest values of seasonal consumptive use was recorded under farmer practice while the lowest value was recorded under irrigation treatment 75% WR (I<sub>3</sub>).Also, the interaction effect between irrigation regime and N rates in combination with Ca-H data show that the highest water use efficiency is 1.00 kg seeds/m<sup>3</sup>water consumption was obtained by irrigation at 75% WR combined with 75% N+Ca-H at second season. The lowest water use efficiency is 0.30 kg seeds/m<sup>3</sup> water consumption was obtained by control treatment under farmer practice. Results revealed that mean values of different irrigation regimes had significantly increased growth characters of faba bean crop (yield, biological yields, 100 seed, plant height, number of branches, number of pods) were observed with I<sub>2</sub> (100% WR ) followed by I<sub>1</sub> (farmer practices) and I<sub>3</sub> (75% WR ), respectively. Applied Ca-H individually or in combination with mineral nitrogen fertilizer were significantlyincreased growth characters of faba bean (yield, biological yield, 100 seed, plant height, number of branches, number of pods) as compared to control treatment. The superior treatmentis75%N+Ca-H at 1<sub>2</sub> irrigation levels (100% WR). In addition, data reveal that I<sub>2</sub> irrigation treatment with 75% N+Ca-H was significantly increased macronutrients total content in (straw and seeds), protein content and protein yield in faba bean crop as compared to control treatment at two successive seasons. On the other hand, chemical soil parameters (pH and EC values) were slightly affected with all applied treatments and increased gradually by decreasing irrigation water. The maximum increased was observed with I<sub>2</sub> and applied 75%N+ Ca-H treatment. On the other hand, OM value was decreased with I3 more than I<sub>1</sub> and I<sub>2</sub>, as well as, it was increased by applied calcium hamates application.In conclusion, the application of Ca-H in combination with mineral nitrogen fertilizers was enhanced faba bean crop production and increased NPK content, protein content and protein yield along with improved soil chemical properties under irrigation regimes. Also, Ca-H can be saved about 25% from nitrogen fertilizer dose under low amount of irrigation water.
Irrigation regime,Nitrogen rate,calcium humate,soil chemical properties,Faba bean
https://jssae.journals.ekb.eg/article_36479.html
https://jssae.journals.ekb.eg/article_36479_147bd74f406ccf20d4a38c3be8976a9c.pdf
Mansoura University, Faculty of Agriculture
Journal of Soil Sciences and Agricultural Engineering
2090-3685
2090-3766
9
11
2018
11
01
Comparison of Drying Characteristics of Seedless Grapes (Vitis vinifera L.) Using Solar Dehydrator and Natural-Sun-Dehydration
587
595
EN
M. k.
Elnamer
Agricultural Engineering Dept., Faculty of Agriculture, Demitta University
A.
El-Sheikha
Agricultural Engineering Dept., Faculty of Agriculture, Demitta University
Ghada
Mosad
Agricultural Engineering Dept., Faculty of Agriculture, Mansoura University
Nada
Mohamed
Agricultural Engineering Dept., Faculty of Agriculture, Demitta University
10.21608/jssae.2018.36490
This study attempts to compare the dehydrating characteristics of pretreated seedless grapes using two different modes of dehydrating (Modified-Quonset dehydrator and Natural-sun-drying) under climatic conditions of Mansoura University (31.043°N and 31.352°E). Solar dehydrating systems for drying agricultural products have clarified to be practical, saving energy and time, economical, and the responsible approach environmentally. Different measurements of macroclimatic parameters (incident solar radiation, air temperature, relative humidity, and wind speed) and microclimatic parameters (incident solar radiation, air temperature, bulk temperature of grape berries, and air relative humidity) had monitored, measured and recorded during the experimental work. The thermal performance analysis for the solar dehydrator, drying characteristics of thin layer of pretreated seedless grapes, and quality of raisins produced from two different modes of dehydrating were tested and evaluated. During the experimental work, the hourly average incident solar radiation outside was 673.8 W/m2 (± 214.2), while that amount inside the solar dryer was 588.9 (± 220.9), which achieved an hourly average effective transmittance of polycarbonate cover of 87.40% (± 6.9). The hourly average air temperatures outside and inside solar dehydrator during was 31.0 (± 2.0), and 49.9 (± 10.1). Accordingly, the increasing percentage in dehydrating-air-temperature was 61.25%. The hourly average air-relative-humidity inside the solar dehydrator was 26.4% (± 1.40), whilst, the outside air-relative humidity was 63.7% (± 3.6). Consequently, solar dehydrator reduced the air-relative-humidity under the outside by 37.3%. The overall thermal efficiency of the solar dehydrator was 72.21%, while, the drying efficiency of the solar dehydrator was 56.48%. As a result, about 27.79% of the total heating power was lost with the exhausted air. The initial moisture content of pretreated seedless grapes prior to the drying process was 77.19% w.b. (± 0.65 w.b.). During the drying process, the drying time, drying rate, and quantity of produced raisins for the Modified-Quonset and Natural-sun-dehydrating, respectively, was 49 and 66 hours, 574.7 and 434.1 g/hr., and 6.840 and 6.785 kg of raisins. Accordingly, each one kilogram of raisins requires 4.902 and 5.158 kg of fresh grapes, respectively. The solar dehydrator increased the rehydration ratio by 12.28% as compared with the Natural-sun-drying system. The total carbohydrates contained in the fresh seedless grapes (462.4 mg/g) decreased into 393.71 and 339.70 mg/g due to drying process, respectively. The concentration of sugar contained in fresh grapes (409.8 mg/g reduced in raisins and reached into 341.32 and 329.68 mg/g), respectively. Main contained of Vitamin C in raisins had also affected by the drying process with a 24.61% and 35.28% reduction for the two different modes of dehydrating, respectively.
https://jssae.journals.ekb.eg/article_36490.html
https://jssae.journals.ekb.eg/article_36490_9a8537add3e01e5c73f0699250ad37e3.pdf
Mansoura University, Faculty of Agriculture
Journal of Soil Sciences and Agricultural Engineering
2090-3685
2090-3766
9
11
2018
11
01
Influence of Thermal Manipulation of Banana Husks on Ethanol Production
597
600
EN
N.
El Ashmawy
Senior Researcher, Agric. Eng. Res. Inst., Agric. Research Center, Giza, Egypt
10.21608/jssae.2018.36481
This study attempts to produce ethanol from thermally manipulation banana husks using the microwave prior to fermentation operation using <em>Saccharomyces Cerevisiae</em> yeast. The short wave was provided using microwave at three different levels of 140, 160 and 180 Watt, and three different exposure times inside the microwave 3, 5 and 7 minutes. Sugar contained (sucrose and glucose) were measured in pre-treated samples under bio-concentration conditions. The fermentation operation of banana peel was carried out through seven successive days and the ethanol production was continuously measured once a day (every 24 hours). The optimal temperature of pre-treated banana husks fermentation was taken as 35°C from the previous study. The high level of ethanol production was achieved at 180 Watt and 5 minute of exposure time. Experimental results also clarified that, the thermally manipulated by microwave thereby significantly increased the glucose contained and lowered the sucrose contained, which being developed strategies for expanding the suitable use of different applications of banana husks in the foodstuffs industry.
https://jssae.journals.ekb.eg/article_36481.html
https://jssae.journals.ekb.eg/article_36481_b79a31def3f4c21d7371660396f710c3.pdf
Mansoura University, Faculty of Agriculture
Journal of Soil Sciences and Agricultural Engineering
2090-3685
2090-3766
9
11
2018
11
01
Amelioration some Physical and Hydrophysical Properties of Clay Loam Soil Using Compost at Different Depths and Nitrogen Fertilizer rates.
601
613
EN
M.
El-Sodany
Soil, Water and Environment Research Inst. Agric. Res. Center, Giza, Egypt.
E.
El-Maddah
Soil, Water and Environment Research Inst. Agric. Res. Center, Giza, Egypt.
Y.
Abd-Allah
Soil, Water and Environment Research Inst. Agric. Res. Center, Giza, Egypt.
10.21608/jssae.2018.36463
Field experiments were conducted on clay loam soil during two successive seasons. Summer season 2017 using maize plants and winter season 2017/2018 using barley plants at El-Gemmeiza Agricultural Research Station, El-Gharbia Governorate, to evaluate the effect and residual effects of compost rates placed in moles 30 cm depth, arranged in parallel orientation with respect to one another and spaced at 3 m apart or placed on the surface soil layers besides the nitrogen fertilizer rates on improving soil physical and hydrophysical properties. Furthermore, economical analysis was done by calculating the net income for every treatment to determine the economical value. The rates of compost were 0.0, 2.5, 5.0 and 7.5 t fed.<sup>-1</sup>, while the nitrogen rates were 0.0, 50, 75 and 100 % of the recommended dose for every growing crop. The experiments were conducted in split-split plot arranged in a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replicates. Results can be summarized as follows:- 1- Soil penetration resistance significantly decreased with increasing the addition rates of compost and depths. 2- The soil bulk density (Db) significantly decreased under different compost rates and depths, while total soil porosity (E) and void ratio (e) took the opposite trend. 3- The settling percentage of the soil was significantly decreased with increasing of compost rates and depths, indicating a higher degree of structural stability. 4- The values of pore size distribution (large, medium and micro pores as a percent of total porosity) were significantly increased in the two growing seasons. 5- Soil hydraulic conductivity (Kh) and soil moisture content, i.e., saturation percent (SP), water field capacity (FC), wilting point (WP), available water (AW) and soil moisture content just before harvesting (θw) were significantly increased for the two seasons, with increasing the rates of compost. 6- Water consumption (Cu) was decreased and water use efficiency (WUE) was increased in all treatments of the two seasons. 7- Cost benefit analysis revealed that the most valuable treatment was adding compost (5.0 t fed.<sup>-1</sup>) in 30 cm mole depth with 100 % of the recommended dose of nitrogen fertilizer for each crop, since it gave the highest net income. 8- From the above results, it is more useful to use of compost filled moles with different rates and nitrogen fertilizers to markedly improve both physical and hydro physical properties under clay loam soil.
Moles,Maize,Barley,fertilization
https://jssae.journals.ekb.eg/article_36463.html
https://jssae.journals.ekb.eg/article_36463_c0cd3b7c719eaa8247eb13865c1eb8d0.pdf
Mansoura University, Faculty of Agriculture
Journal of Soil Sciences and Agricultural Engineering
2090-3685
2090-3766
9
11
2018
11
01
Minimizing of Using Potassium Fertilizer by Using Foliar Spraying and Organic Manuring and Its Effect on Maize Productivity and Soil Properties
615
625
EN
Ghada
El-Sheref
Soil, Water and Environment Res., ARC, Giza, Egypt.
H.
Awadalla
Soil, Water and Environment Res., ARC, Giza, Egypt.
Hanan
Abu El Fotoh
Soil, Water and Environment Res., ARC, Giza, Egypt.
10.21608/jssae.2018.36474
Two field experiments were performed in the Agricultural Farm of Sids Agricultural Research Station, ARC, Beni-Suef Governorate during two seasons of 2016 and 2017 to evaluate using foliar spraying of 2% mono-potassium sulphate or di-potassium sulphate twice for minimizing the use of chemical potassium fertilizer (0.0, 50 and 100 kg K<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>4</sub> /fed) under different doses of organic manure (0.0, 2.5 and 5 t/fed chicken manure )and its effect on maize productivity, namely, growth parameters (plant height and dry weight/plant), yield components (number of rows/ear, number of grains/row and 100-grain yield), grain and stover yields and NPK uptake as well as some soil chemical properties, i.e., pH, EC,OM and soil available NPK. The results indicate that increasing level of organic manure was significantly increased maize growth, yield and its components and NPK uptake, also it improved all studied soil properties, except soil salinity which increased with increasing manure levels. Foliar spraying of di-potassium sulphate surpassed mono-potassium sulphate on maize productivity. Increasing the level of chemical potassium sulphate as soil application enhanced maize productivity and soil available K after harvest. Added 50 kg/fed potassium sulphate + foliar spraying of 2% di-potassium sulphate twice + 5t chicken manure/fed give highest maize productivity.
Maize,growth parameters NPK uptake,mono-potassium sulphate,di-potassium sulphate,chicken manure and chemical soil properties
https://jssae.journals.ekb.eg/article_36474.html
https://jssae.journals.ekb.eg/article_36474_f396ff04e5e4aa6fbda46cb3efef595c.pdf
Mansoura University, Faculty of Agriculture
Journal of Soil Sciences and Agricultural Engineering
2090-3685
2090-3766
9
11
2018
11
01
Preparation and Properties of Urea Slow Release Coated with Potassium Humate, Bentonite and Polyacrylamide as Compositely Fertilizer which Reflected on the Productivity of Wheat Crop
627
635
EN
Wagida
Hassan
Soil, Water and Environ. Res. Inst., Agric. Res. Center, Giza, Egypt
10.21608/jssae.2018.36477
A slow release of urea fertilizer has become a necessity since it reduces the loss of nitrogen. This can be achieved by using different types of coatings, like sulfur, starch and wax etc. In this study, the producing of urea coated with bentonite, polyacrylamide and potassium humate which working on the reduction of nitrogen loss as resultant of either leaching or valorization and minimize environmental pollution beside reduce the consumption of fertilizer. Also, improve soil chemical properties, its positive impact on the productivity of wheat crop, and total content of macronutrients. Lab experiments were performed to determine the best concentration of bentonite to coated urea such as percent coating whichshowed that percent coating was increased with increasing the concentration of bentonite. The dissolution rate was decreased with concentration of bentonite (2.5%) in combination with 0.1% polyacrylamide. Along with, the experiment of investigation of the water absorptionshowed the greater absorbency of water was shown at 2 and 2.5% bentonite. In addition to, theincubation experiment revealed that amount released from nitrogen at 10 and 15 days were greater, which lasted for up to 20 days in urea uncoated than urea- coated. The concentration of 2.5% of bentonite seems to be favorable than other concentrations<strong>.</strong> These experiments conformed that the suitable quantity used in the coating urea by bentonite and polyacrylamide<strong>. </strong>Through an infrared (FTIR) diagnosis of the urea coated, its properties were identified at different wavelengths. The functional groups such as phenol, carboxyl, etc. which affect the compound's effectiveness when the urea associates with bentonite, polyacrylamide and potassium humate as one compound. Concerning, trial experiment were laid out at El- Ismailia Agriculture Research Station Farm, Agric. Res. Center (ARC), Egypt. At two successive seasons who's planted with wheat crop (<em>Triticum aestivum </em>L., CV. Giza 168) in a sandy soil under sprinkler irrigation system. To evaluate urea’s coated beneficial effect on soil along with plant productivity. Established by the following transactions three rates of nitrogen 100, 75 and 50% from recommended dose of uncoated urea, urea formaldehyde and urea coated. Results show that, mean values of soil pH were decreased with urea formaldehyde and urea coated compared to uncoated urea (control),this inversely with values of EC in soil where increased with coated urea compare to other treatments in two seasons <strong>. </strong>Data revealed an increases of N,P and K availability in soil under impact of coated urea and urea form compared to control (uncoated urea) treatments with consideration that urea coated was superior than urea form. Regarding the plant behavior, results revealed that the mean values of the biological yield, grains and straw of wheat crop under impact of coated urea and urea formaldehyde treatments were increases compared to uncoated urea in two seasons. But it was observed that this increase was better when applying urea coated. Finally, this product is a good controlled N release of nitrogen and water absorption, as well as degradable in soil and environment friendly, which reflected on the plant productivity along with it's could be useful in agricultural.
urea coated,Bentonite,polyacrylamide,potassium humate,soil properties,wheat productivity
https://jssae.journals.ekb.eg/article_36477.html
https://jssae.journals.ekb.eg/article_36477_1cb60d4d15e803923d4063f4d1c4e02d.pdf
Mansoura University, Faculty of Agriculture
Journal of Soil Sciences and Agricultural Engineering
2090-3685
2090-3766
9
11
2018
11
01
Delineation, Classification and Evaluation of Physiographic Units in some Promising Areas for Agriculture in the North Eastern Part of Sinai Peninsula, Egypt
637
645
EN
Salwa
El-Sayied
Soils, Water and Environment Research Institute, ARC, Egypt
10.21608/jssae.2018.36503
The magnificence of the studied desert soils has been increased fast due to scale efforts to bring additional areas under the agricultural utilization projects in recent decades.The studied area is located in the North Eastern side of Sinai Peninsula, Egypt. It is considered as a promising area for agricultural utilization as well as a model for representing some landscape features in North Sinai. So, the current work has been undertaken for delineation of physiographic units, soil classification and land evaluation. The technique of space images interpretation plays an important role for tracing the prevailing physiographic units as well as identifying the promising sites for agricultural purposes. The obtained data of landsate images interpretation indicate that the area under consideration is occupied by ten main physiographic units namely, Coastal plain (Cp), Sand sheets (SS); Alluvial plain (Ap); Upper terraces (Ut); Lower terraces (Lt); Wadi bottom (Wb); Sand dunes (Sd); Pediplain (Pb), Sabkha (Sa) and Dissected hills (DH). Soils taxa were surveyed according to the Keys to Soil Taxonomy (USDA, 2014) and could be categorized into two Orders Aridisols and Entisols and seven sub great groups as follows: i) Aridisols, include three subgroups of Calcic Haplosalids, Typic Haplocalcids and Sodic Haplocalicids ii) Entisols include four sugroups of Aquic Quartzipsamments; Typic Quartzipsamments, Typic Torripsamments and Typic Torrifluvents According to land evaluation system undertaken by Sys and Verheye (1978) and Sys <em>et al</em>.(1991), the current suitability for agricultural irrigated soils could be categorized into two suitability classes i.e., marginally suitable (S3) and not suitable (N) and six subclasses (S3s, S3t, N1tws, N1sn, N1tsn and N1wsn) , which are suffering from some soil properties , i.e., soil texture , soil depth, wetness, topography and salinity and alkalinity as soil limitations with different intensity degree (moderate and severe). By executing the suitable soil improvement practices, the potential suitability classes assessed three classes i.e., moderately suitable (S2), marginally suitable (S3) and not suitable (N2); and five subclasses (S2s, S2ws, S2sn, S3s and N2). Also, soil suitability for specific crops (i.e., alfalfa, barley, wheat, sunflower, tomato, potato, watermelon, green pepper, citrus, guava, olives and mango), were presented for soils developed on the identified physiographic units in land suitability guide tables.
Remote Sensing (RS),GIS,soil taxa and land evaluation
https://jssae.journals.ekb.eg/article_36503.html
https://jssae.journals.ekb.eg/article_36503_5e2751f7205f9493ee1371a29ec6f1f2.pdf
Mansoura University, Faculty of Agriculture
Journal of Soil Sciences and Agricultural Engineering
2090-3685
2090-3766
9
11
2018
11
01
Effect of Irrigation with Diluted Seawater on Coriander Growth and Soil Properties of Sandy Soil Amended by Chicken Manure and Biochar
647
656
EN
Dina
Ghazi
Soils Department, Faulty of Agriculture, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt.
dinaghazi3@gmail.com
10.21608/jssae.2018.36507
Salt stress is abiotic stress that limits plant growth, crop productivityas well as the main factor contributing to land degradation. This study was conducted to evaluate the ameliorative effect of chicken manure and biochar applications used as soil amendments inalleviating the adverse effects of saline water irrigation on plant attributes and macro nutrients uptake by coriander (<em>Coriandrum sativum</em>) plant grown on a sandy textured soil. The ameliorative effect of soil amendments was also evaluated on the properties of the soil and nutrients availability for the plant. For this purpose, a pot experiment was conducted on coriander plant at The Experimental Farm of the Faculty of Agriculture, Mansoura University, Dakahlia Governorate, Egypt. A split plot design with three replications was used during the spring season of 2016. Treatments were the combination of two types of organic amendments (chicken manure and biochar) and three saline irrigation water treatments, .i.e. non-saline water (control) (S0 = 0.45 dS m<sup>-1</sup>) and saline water (S1= 3.12 dS m<sup>-1</sup>, 5% and S2 = 6.25 dS m<sup>-1</sup>, 10%) irrigation. Obtained results showed that soil productivity, as indicated by the vegetative growth and physiological aspects (plant height, leaves fresh and dry weight, no. of leaves/plant and total chlorophyll) for coriander plant were adversely and significantly affected by saline water irrigation. Addition of chicken manure and biochar significant increased the vegetative growth and physiological parameters due to their ameliorative effect. It had been observed a significantly increased in plant N, P and K contents and uptake by plant due to the addition of chicken manure and biochar amendments under saline and non-saline water irrigation compared to unamended one. The contents and uptake of N, P and K in coriander leaves decreased significantly as salinity of irrigation water increased from (S0) to (S2). Soil pH and EC values increased significantly in saline water irrigation treatments (S1 and S2) compared to non-saline water (S0)<strong>.</strong> Soil pH and EC values decreased in soil amended with chicken manure and biochar application under three water types. The reduction in EC values in soil amended with biochar was higher than those in soil amended with chicken manure under all salinity levels. While, the reduction in soil pH values in soil amended with chicken manure was higher than those in soil amended with biochar. Soil available Na<sup>+</sup>, K<sup>+</sup>, Ca<sup>2+</sup> and Mg<sup>2+</sup> concentrations increased with increases in irrigation water salinity, while available P and Zn concentrations were decreased. Soluble Na<sup>+</sup> significantly decreased but K<sup>+</sup>, Ca<sup>2+ </sup>and Mg<sup>2+</sup> increased as a result of amendments application under three water types used. Soil P and Zn availability increased after applying different soil amendments, the concentration of available P in chicken manure amended soil was higher than those in biochar amended soil. While, available Zn concentration in biochar amended soil was higher than unamended one. In conclusion, chicken manure and biochar added to soil as amendments have the potential to mitigate the negative effects of salt stress mainly related to their ability to improve soil physio-chemical properties, promote vegetative growth of coriander plant, increases soil content of organic matter and available nutrient uptake.
salinity,chicken manure,Biochar,Coriander,nutrient availability,sandy soil
https://jssae.journals.ekb.eg/article_36507.html
https://jssae.journals.ekb.eg/article_36507_39d39a2ecb50bbbbf384f6d21b11d140.pdf
Mansoura University, Faculty of Agriculture
Journal of Soil Sciences and Agricultural Engineering
2090-3685
2090-3766
9
11
2018
11
01
Assessment of different ETO-Dependent Irrigation Levels for Pomegranate on Saving Water and Energy and Maximizing Farm Income
657
665
EN
A.
Taha
Soils, Water and Environment Research Institute, Agric. Res. Center, Egypt
10.21608/jssae.2018.36461
Field experiments were conducted on drip–irrigated pomegranate <em>(Punicagranatum L.)</em> trees grown in a private farm at kilometer 76 Cairo/Alexandria Desert Road, Egypt during the 2016 and 2017 growing seasons. The site represents newly reclaimed sandy soil at the west of Nile Delta region. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the effect of different ETo-dependent irrigation levels on amounts of applied irrigation water, water consumptive use, fruit yield and its components, fruit quality, water use efficiency, water productivity, and to develop a local pomegranate crop coefficient (Kc) and yield response factor (Ky) under the experimental conditions, as well as the effect on saving energy and increasing farm income. Four irrigation treatments (120, 100 and 80, and 60% ETo) were compared to farmer irrigation practice. The experimental treatments were laid out in strip plot design with four replicates. Results indicated that distribution uniformity values, conducted at the beginning of each season, were 88 and 90 % in 1<sup>st</sup> and 2<sup>nd</sup> seasons, respectively. The 2–season average amounts of applied irrigation water for the 120, 100, 80, and 60% ETo and farmer treatment were 13520, 11270, 9020, 6760, and 18075 m<sup>3</sup> ha<sup>-1</sup>, respectively. Average values of total fruit yield were 40.2, 38.6, 36.9, 23.8, and 31.8-ton ha<sup>-1</sup> for the same respective treatments. The highest fruit diameter and weight were produced from irrigation with 120% ETo. The Kc values for the 120% ETo irrigation treatment were 0.14-0.45, 0.45-0.79, 0.79-1.05, and 1.05-0.76 for initial, crop development, mid- and late-season growth stages, respectively. Results showed that pomegranate yield response factor (Ky) was 0.81 indicating that pomegranate trees are moderately tolerant to water stress. Application of the proposed irrigation treatments reduced consumed energy by values varied from 25 to 62% compared with farmer irrigation. The 2-year average net income values of the 120, 100, 80, and 60% ETo irrigation treatments were 117, 106, 91, and 3% higher than that of farmer practice. Under the experiment circumstances it could be concluded that, irrigating pomegranate trees at 80% ETo level saves 9055 m<sup>3</sup>/ha of applied irrigation water and 50% of the electric energy In addition, the highest figures of water use efficiency (4.7 kg fruits/m<sup>3</sup> water consumed), water productivity (4.1 kg fruits/m<sup>3</sup> water applied), and net income (91% more), were achieved compared with farmer practice.
pomegranate,ETo-dependent irrigation levels,Energy saving,drip system,sandy soil,water productivity,water use efficiency,crop coefficient,yield response factor
https://jssae.journals.ekb.eg/article_36461.html
https://jssae.journals.ekb.eg/article_36461_56dde97847852936a110ae8ee8b382b3.pdf
Mansoura University, Faculty of Agriculture
Journal of Soil Sciences and Agricultural Engineering
2090-3685
2090-3766
9
11
2018
11
07
Determination of Mechanical and Aero-Dynamics Properties of some Legume Crops
667
674
EN
A.
Matouk
Agric. Eng. Dept., Fac. of Agric., Mansoura Univ
M.
EL-Kholy
Food Process Engineering., Agric. Eng. Res. Institute-Dokki-Giza
A.
Tharwat
Agric. Eng. Dept., Fac. of Agric., Mansoura Univ
S.
El-Far
Agric. Eng. Dept., Fac. of Agric., Mansoura Univ
Sara
El-Serey
Agric. Eng. Dept., Fac. of Agric., Mansoura Univ
10.21608/jssae.2018.36509
The mechanical and aero-dynamic properties such as coefficient of friction, hardness, repose angle, terminal velocity, Reynold’s number and drag coefficient for faba bean and lentil seeds were determined at different levels of seed moisture contents while shear force and shear stress of faba bean seeds on both lateral and longitudinal direction were also determined at different levels of seed moisture contents. The obtained results showed that, coefficient of friction changed with type of friction surface and seed moisture contents where it was increased with the increasing of seed moisture contents. Meanwhile for faba bean and lentil seeds, stainless steel surface recorded the lowest values of friction coefficient whereas the rubber surface recorded the highest values. As well, the repose angle increased with the increasing of seed moisture contents. However, hardness, shear force, shear stress decreased with the increasing of seed moisture contents. For aero-dynamic properties both of terminal velocity and Reynold’s number of studied crops increased linearly with the increasing of seed moisture contents. While, drag coefficient decreased by increasing the terminal velocity. Mathematical relationships were developed for the studied crops to relate the obtained values of all mechanical and aero-dynamic properties with the changes in seed moisture contents.
https://jssae.journals.ekb.eg/article_36509.html
https://jssae.journals.ekb.eg/article_36509_e21d35edbdd41af8be8d39a5ecbb63a4.pdf
Mansoura University, Faculty of Agriculture
Journal of Soil Sciences and Agricultural Engineering
2090-3685
2090-3766
9
11
2018
11
01
Effect of Nitrogen Fertilization on the Avilabillty of Cadmium in Wheat Plant (Triticum aestivum L.)
675
681
EN
A.
Taha
Soils. Dept., Fac. of Agric., Mansoura Univ., Egypt.
M.
Aziz
Soil, Water and Environment Res. Institute, Agric. Res., Center, Giza, Egypt.
M.
EL-Seedy
Soils. Dept., Fac. of Agric., Mansoura Univ., Egypt.
S.
Hager
Soils. Dept., Fac. of Agric., Mansoura Univ., Egypt.
10.21608/jssae.2018.36487
A pot experiment was carried out at the greenhouse of Agricultural Research Station., Sakha, Kafr El Sheikh Governorate ,during the winter season of 2015/2016 to investigate tolerance of wheat(<em>Triticum aestivum L.</em>) crop to cadmium element and study the effect of N-fertilization (ammonium sulfate, calcium nitrate and urea) on availability of cadmium (0, 40, 80 and 120 ppm) under both clay and sandy soils. The results showed that clay soil was higher than sandy soil in the studied soil and plant traits. The negative effect of the interaction between cadmium and urea more than between cadmium and calcium nitrate followed cadmium and ammonium sulfate. Availability of cadmium led to reduce fresh, dry weight and N % in the straw and grain of wheat plant while increased Cd (mg kg<sup>-1</sup>) in the straw and grain. The highest values of NH<sub>4</sub> and Cd (mg kg<sup>-1</sup>) in soil were found due to interaction between clay soil, ammonium sulfate and 120 ppm Cd. On the other hand, the highest values of NO<sup>-</sup><sub>3</sub> (mg kg<sup>-1</sup>) in soil were found due to interaction clay soil, Urea and120 ppm Cd.
Nitrogen fertilization,cadmium,Wheat,clay,sandy soils
https://jssae.journals.ekb.eg/article_36487.html
https://jssae.journals.ekb.eg/article_36487_69ce240b58a0dc4e1a5fc24a898002c1.pdf
Mansoura University, Faculty of Agriculture
Journal of Soil Sciences and Agricultural Engineering
2090-3685
2090-3766
9
11
2018
11
20
Determination of Physical Properties of some Legume Crops
683
691
EN
A.
Matouk
Agric. Eng. Dept., Fac. of Agric., Mansoura Univ
M.
EL-Kholy
Food Process Engineering., Agric. Eng. Res. Institute-Dokki-Giza
A.
Tharwat
Agric. Eng. Dept., Fac. of Agric., Mansoura Univ
S.
El-Far
Agric. Eng. Dept., Fac. of Agric., Mansoura Univ
Sara
El-Serey
Agric. Eng. Dept., Fac. of Agric., Mansoura Univ
10.21608/jssae.2018.36508
Physical properties such as principal dimensions, surface area, projected area, volume, mass of 1000 seeds, true and bulk densities and porosity for faba bean and lentil seeds were measured and calculated at different levels of seed moisture contents. The obtained results showed that, the principal dimensions, geometric and arithmetic diameter, surface area, actual and calculated volume, sphericity, mass of 1000 seed and porosity of faba bean (pods and seeds) and lentil seeds generally increased linearly with the increasing of moisture content. For faba bean pods and seeds, shape parameters (flakiness ratio Fr and elongation ratio Er) increased with the increase of moisture content but aspect ratios R<sub>1</sub> (W/L), R<sub>2</sub> (L/T<sub>h</sub>) and R<sub>3 </sub>(W/T<sub>h</sub>) of faba bean pods and seeds decreased with the increasing of moisture content. The values of projected area for faba bean and lentil seeds were also increased with the increase of moisture content. On the other hand, the results also showed that, both of bulk and true densities decreased by increasing the moisture content. Mathematical relationships were also developed relating the obtained values of all physical properties with the change in seed moisture contents.
https://jssae.journals.ekb.eg/article_36508.html
https://jssae.journals.ekb.eg/article_36508_768e2619e5c376959b06e78b1492fcd6.pdf