Mansoura University, Faculty of Agriculture
Journal of Soil Sciences and Agricultural Engineering
2090-3685
2090-3766
5
7
2014
07
01
UTILIZATION EFFICIENCY OF DIFFERENT INDUSTRIAL BYPRODUCTS IN AMELIORATION OF SALINE-SODIC SOILS
997
1015
EN
S.F.
Mansour
Soils, Water and Environment Res. Inst., Agric. Res. Center, Giza, Egypt
M.M.A.
Reda
Soils, Water and Environment Res. Inst., Agric. Res. Center, Giza, Egypt
M.M.H.
Hamad
Soils, Water and Environment Res. Inst., Agric. Res. Center, Giza, Egypt
E.E.E.
Khafagy
Soils, Water and Environment Res. Inst., Agric. Res. Center, Giza, Egypt
10.21608/jssae.2014.49565
A field experiment was conducted during two successive years (2011/2012 and 2012/2013) in a clay saline soil located at South of El-Hussynia plain, Research Station ,Port-Said Governorate, Egypt. This study aims to evaluate the utilization efficiency of some industrial byproducts i.e. Sugar lime, vinasse, by-pass, pyrite (FeS<sub>2</sub>) and aluminum sulfate (Al<sub>2</sub> (SO<sub>4</sub>)<sub>3</sub>18H<sub>2</sub>O) individual and interaction among them as a soil amendments and their effects on improving some chemical and physical properties of saline sodic soils, comparing with gypsum application, under Intermittent leaching technique was adopted using El-Salam canal water. The results showed that the chemical and physical properties of the studied soil were clearly improved due to amendments addition. The common parameters of saline sodic soil <em>i.e.,</em> EC, pH, ESP, RSE, B.D, P.R, and WTD were clearly improved. The superior improvement of these parameters was resulted from T<sub>8</sub>, T<sub>9</sub> andT<sub>7</sub>. The amendment can be arranged, ascending as follows: T<sub>1</sub>< T<sub>2</sub>< T<sub>10</sub>< T<sub>6</sub>< T<sub>3</sub>< T<sub>5</sub>< T<sub>4</sub>< T<sub>11</sub>< T<sub>13</sub>< T<sub>12</sub>< T<sub>7</sub>< T<sub>9</sub>< T<sub>8</sub>for both surface and subsurface layers. The final aim is to displace Na from an exchange complex and replace it with Ca, leading to a decrease of exchangeable sodium percentage (ESP) or increased removal sodium efficiency (RSE) consequently improvement of soil structure. An additional advantage to this strategy is that any mixture is inexpensive and ready available in large quantities in contrast to gypsum in this study.
saline sodic soils,amelioration, soil amendments, sugar lime, vinasse, By-pass, pyrite, gypsum, alternative gypsum
https://jssae.journals.ekb.eg/article_49565.html
https://jssae.journals.ekb.eg/article_49565_87365695286c06ec2d11666824efb1ec.pdf
Mansoura University, Faculty of Agriculture
Journal of Soil Sciences and Agricultural Engineering
2090-3685
2090-3766
5
7
2014
07
01
GROWTH, YIELD , QUALITY AND NUTRIENT UPTAKE OF POTATO (Solanum tuberosum, L.) AS AFFECTED BY TWO NITROGEN SOURCES APPLIED AT VARIOUS RATIOS
1067
1076
EN
A. A.
Khalil
Soil, Water and Environment Res., Institute, Agric. Res. Center, Giza, Egypt
10.21608/jssae.2014.49566
A field experiment was carried out at the Experimental Res. Farm of El-Kassasin Horticultural Research Station, Ismailia Governorate, (Around 30°.26<sup>′</sup> N 31°59<sup>′</sup> E) during two successive seasons; 2009/2010 and 2010/2011 to study the effects of applying two different nitrogen sources ammonium sulphate (AS) and ammonium nitrate (AN), at the same rate of 140 kg Nfed<sup>-1</sup>, and their ratios on growth, yield marketable, quality and nutrient uptake of potato (<em>Solanum tuberos</em>um L.; CV. Nicola). A completely randomized design was established with 5 treatments, i.e., (AS) / (AN) ratios of 100/0, 0/100, 75/25, 50/50, 25/75 and<em>.</em>Each treatment had 3 replications<em>.</em> Representative samples were taken after 75 days and the yield was harvested after 120 days. Dry weights of tubers, at the harvest were increased significantly with all mixed nitrogen treatments as compared with single AS or AN. The enhanced growth with mixed nitrogen was greatest at 25% (AS) Ammonium Sulphate + 75% (AN) Ammonium Nitrate. Such treatment produced maximum dry matter (24.20%), total<strong> y</strong>ield (13.765 kg.fed<sup>-1</sup>) and N,P and k uptake and marketable yield (86.6%) followed by the treatment having 50% AS +50% AN. Usage of 140 kg Nfed.<sup>-1</sup> applied as a mixture of 25% AS+75% AN achieved 17% and 11% increment of total yield compared to 100% of AS application and 100% AN, respectively.
The study stressed on paying attention to selection of sources of N fertilizers and their ratios for potato plants grown in sandy soil.
potato (Solarium tuberosum L.),nutrient uptake,dry matter,N sources,Ammonium sulphate to ammonium nitrate ratio,marketable yield
https://jssae.journals.ekb.eg/article_49566.html
https://jssae.journals.ekb.eg/article_49566_f865d28e4cbf6f363fa078e66eaf4bbb.pdf
Mansoura University, Faculty of Agriculture
Journal of Soil Sciences and Agricultural Engineering
2090-3685
2090-3766
5
7
2014
07
01
EFFECT OF SEED-SOAKING IN POLY ETHYLENE GLYCOL AND HUMIC ACID ON THE PRODUCTIVITY AND QUALITY OF FODDER BEET UNDER SOIL SALINITY CONDITIONS.
1037
1047
EN
Zizy M.
Abbas
Field Crops Research Institute, Agricultural Research Centre, Giza, Egypt.
H.O.
Sakr
Soils, Water and Environment Research Institute, Agricultural
Rama T.
Rashad
Soils, Water and Environment Research Institute, Agricultural
Kh. A.
Shaban
Soils, Water and Environment Research Institute, Agricultural
10.21608/jssae.2014.49568
Two field experiments were conducted at El-Serw Agricultural Experiment and Research Station, during two successive winter seasons 2011/2012 and 2012/ 2013, to study the effect of soaking seeds in solutions of poly ethylene glycol (PEG) and humic acid (HA) on growth, yield, and nutrients contents of fodder beet (<em>Beta vulgaris L. (vorochenger</em>) grown in newly reclaimed saline soils conditions.
Results showed positive effects of soaked seeds compared to the un-soaked seeds. At soaking time 12 h, the increases due to HA treatments were greater than those attributed to PEG. Soil pH was almost unchanged, the EC values were decreased by 35.5% and 37.99% while soil available NPK were increased by 28.44% and 33.65% for N; by 11.28% and 96.24% for P while K was increased by 13.14% and 18.5% for both PEG and HA treatments respectively compared with the control. The fresh and dry weights of root were increased by 133.3% and 136.86%, respectively, for PEG treatments. For HA treatments, the increases in the above mentioned characteristics amounted 155.26% and 161.63%, respectively. Root length and diameter were enhanced significantly. the increases in roots N content amounted 21.74 and 29.5%, P by 37.88 and 50%, K by 7.82 and 12.35% and Protein by 21.71 and 26.63% for PEG and HA, respectively. The leaves chlorophyll content (<em>Chl</em>) was increased by 84.43% and 156.51% and emergence by 36.36% and 42.15% while the proline decreased by 16.07% and 25.71% for PEG and HA, respectively.
Seed-Soaking,polymers,emergence,Chlorophyll,salinity stress
https://jssae.journals.ekb.eg/article_49568.html
https://jssae.journals.ekb.eg/article_49568_44af49460b768120709dae22c3921c95.pdf
Mansoura University, Faculty of Agriculture
Journal of Soil Sciences and Agricultural Engineering
2090-3685
2090-3766
5
7
2014
07
01
ROLE OF HUMIC, ASCORBIC ACIDS WITH OR WITHOUT COMPOST TO IMPROVE NUTRIENTS CONTENT, YIELD COMPONENTS AND SEED QUALITY OF SESAME
1049
1066
EN
Manal A.
Atia
Soils, Water & Environmental Research Institute, Agric. Res. Center, Giza, Egypt.
Kh. A.
Shaban
Soils, Water & Environmental Research Institute, Agric. Res. Center, Giza, Egypt.
Amany M.
Sallam
Seed Tech. Res. Dept., Field Crop Institute, Giza, Egypt.
10.21608/jssae.2014.49570
A field trial was conducted at Ismailia Research Station during the two successive summer seasons (2012 and 2013) seasons. The objective of this research was aimed to study the effect of organic matter (compost) as soil application, humic and ascorbic acids as foliar application individually in two rates 1.5 g /L and 3 g/L for each one and their combinations with compost on growth parameters, yield, its components, seed quality and quantity of sesame C.v. Sohag 1. Results indicated that foliar application of humic and ascorbic acids individually or combined with compost application markedly increased most of growth parameters, i.e., germination %, seedling vigor, plant height, fruiting zone length, No. of capsules /plant, seed weight /plant 1000-seed weight (g) and seed yield (kg/fed) compared with untreated plant. Beside of that, compost application , foliar spray with humic or ascorbic acids led to significant increase in protein %, oil %, carbohydrate %, P %, K % and concentrations of micronutrients (Fe ,Zn ,Mn and Cu). Also, significant increase was found in protein, oil yields, P and K. The highest values were 233.61, 635.09, 5.72 and 43.4 (kg / fed) for protein, oil yield, P and K, respectively, which achieved by using ascorbic acid only as foliar spray at (1.5 g/L). The same trend was observed in micronutrient contents and highest values were 459.66, 50.46, 321.21 and 13.83 (g/fed) for Fe, Zn, Mn and Cu, respectively. In combined treatment between compost and humic acid at the rate (1.5 g/L) the highest values were 161.49, 473.97, 3.98 and 31.81 (Kg/fed ) for protein, oil yields, P and K contents highest values were 379.67, 43.85, 243.31 and 9.72 (g /fed) for Fe, Zn, Mn and Cu contents.
compost,Humic acid,ascorbic acid,foliar spray-sesame plant
https://jssae.journals.ekb.eg/article_49570.html
https://jssae.journals.ekb.eg/article_49570_b29198e33d93a95128f8f4f6d5b48be0.pdf
Mansoura University, Faculty of Agriculture
Journal of Soil Sciences and Agricultural Engineering
2090-3685
2090-3766
5
7
2014
07
01
EFFECT OF COMPOST AND POTASSIUM PHOSPHATE APPLICATIONS TO A CALCAREOUS SOIL CULTIVATED WITH VEGETABLE CROPS ROTATION ON THEIR PRODUCTION AND SOIL FERTILITY
925
944
EN
A. H. A.
Hassanein
Soil, Water and Environment Res. Institute, Agric. Res. Centre, Giza, Egypt
A. M. M.
Abdel-Fattah
Soil, Water and Environment Res. Institute, Agric. Res. Centre, Giza, Egypt
Kadria M.
El-Azab
Soil, Water and Environment Res. Institute, Agric. Res. Centre, Giza, Egypt
A. H.
Abd - Elrahman
Soil, Water and Environment Res. Institute, Agric. Res. Centre, Giza, Egypt
10.21608/jssae.2014.49571
A field experiment was carried out on a calcareous soil at Abou massou village (48 km south-west to Alexandria) with four vegetable crops cultivated in succession (garlic, , cauliflower and jews mallow) was conducted to investigate how application rates of plants residues trim farm operationscompost and potassium phosphate, also, the vegetable dry matter & their NPK uptake can affect the yield. The study also investigated the resultant effects on soil fertility. Irrigation was up to field capacity using canal water.
Results indicated that soil salinity, soluble chlorides and sodium decreased sharply after garlic and gradually after that, while bicarbonates increased sharply during the first months and decreased gradually at a level higher than the start point. Sulphates, calcium, magnesium and potassium decreased over the time. Rates of compost application were without pronounced effect on total soluble salts or soluble cations and anions with the exception of bicarbonates.
Rates of plants residues trim farm operationscompost and potassium phosphate included also vegetable dry matter and their NPK uptake in addition to soil properties and vegetable yields through 20-months were also studied.
Results indicate that each of the use compost rates were effective in increasing dry matter, N and P uptake by the three vegetable crops over the control. The same trend was noticed also at the phosphate and potassium treatments. It may be concluded that vegetable crop production in calcareous soil depend on the direct and residual effect of organic and mineral N and P fertilization for 20 months period and K fertilization for about three quarters of this period.
Also, the compost application might improve the soil properties while the addition of phosphorus and potassium enhances the availability of nutrients in the soil throughout the cropping period.
Calcareous soil,plants residues trim farm operationscompost,phosphorous,Potassium and Vegetable crops
https://jssae.journals.ekb.eg/article_49571.html
https://jssae.journals.ekb.eg/article_49571_6e20f677a9619ece986da47fa33985b0.pdf
Mansoura University, Faculty of Agriculture
Journal of Soil Sciences and Agricultural Engineering
2090-3685
2090-3766
5
7
2014
07
01
MODERN TECHNIQUE FOR THE FERTIGATION OF SUGAR CANE IN UPPER EGYPT.
645
967
EN
S.S.
Hassan Allithy
Agric., Eng., Res., Inst., Agric. Res. Center, Ministry of Agriculture, Egypt.
A.H.A.
Hassanein
Soil Water and Environment Res. Inst., Agric. Res. Center, Giza, Egypt.
A.H.
Abdel-Rahman
Soil Water and Environment Res. Inst., Agric. Res. Center, Giza, Egypt.
10.21608/jssae.2014.49573
The experimental fieldwork was carried out in sugarcane production areas in Upper-Egypt at Qena Governorates during growing season 2010-2012. Sugar cane is the major source of sugar production in Egypt. Insect pests are limiting factors affecting its production. One of which, is the soft scale insect, Pulvinaria tenuivalvata (Newstead) (Hemiptera: Coccidae). As a new pest, it threatens sugar cane cultivation in Egypt. High scale densities cause significant reduction in sugar cane weight and juice quality, particularly sucrose content. To avoid the sugar cane infection with the soft scale insect, (Pulvinaria tenuivalvata), it is necessary adding diesel fuel through irrigation water. But in the cultivated areas using gated pipes system, irrigation water flowing through closed pipes from branch canals to the fields. It is difficult to add diesel fuel into these canals. Therefore, this paper describes design and locally manufactured of a simple and inexpensive fertilization system suitable of small holding in Egypt called "Vacuum Fertilization System" using in both function, add diesel fuel or any chemicals and fertilization system through gated pipes or any piping closed system during irrigation operation, in spit of, their were another systems using solution fertilizer; but these systems are not available directly in this region and its expensive. Also, evaluating the performance of the designed mechanism in performing this operation. The results showed that:
1- There were a drop in the pressure head measured at the first portion of the gated pipe due to accumulative friction head losses effect and then there were a gradual increase in it due to the increasing in superimposed pressure head, decreased the effect of accumulative friction head losses.
2- The slope of the curve of the actual measured pressure head (hon) along the gated pipe representing the effect of gated pipe length on the pressure head variation, and its value was about 18.2 %.
3- The outlets discharge rate along the gated pipe system were dropped at the first portion of the gated pipe due to accumulative friction head losses effect and then there were a gradual increase in it due to the increased in superimposed pressure head overcome the effect of accumulative friction head losses.
4- The water distribution uniformity along the 18 meter apart of the 6 inch gated pipe before using fertigation system, was about 95.4%. But the water uniformity distribution along the gated pipe during fertigation system using fertilization system was about 93.8%. This mean that the water distribution uniformity decreased slightly during fertigation system using fertilization system under irrigation gated pipe system due to apply the fertilizer through irrigation water, consequently change in irrigation water density affecting outlets flow rates through irrigation gated pipe system.
5- The fertilizer concentration uniformity through the gated pipe system was about 98.1%. This means that, the concentration variation along the gated pipe system was about 1.3%. The reason of this reduction is due to, deposition of some fertilizer in the tank and other system components. Also, the experiment measurements were taken in a certain time from the start of fertigation. Therefore, data exhibit that there are no more difference in the values of fertilizer concentration under the fertigation method along the gated pipe length.
6- The value of the water use efficiency (WUE) was about 4.37 kg/ m3, on the other hand, the value of the nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) was about 280 kg-y/kg-N.
7- The total annual cost of the Vacuum Fertilization System was about 82.33 L.E/year.
https://jssae.journals.ekb.eg/article_49573.html
https://jssae.journals.ekb.eg/article_49573_2d5f67f19ff2cfe6139fdef4854e6046.pdf
Mansoura University, Faculty of Agriculture
Journal of Soil Sciences and Agricultural Engineering
2090-3685
2090-3766
5
7
2014
07
01
ENGINEERING FACTORS AFFECTING EXTRACTION OF CANOLA OIL
969
980
EN
A.M.
Matouk
Agric Eng. Dept. Fac. of Agric. Mansoura Univ.
A.
Tharwat
Agric. Eng. Dept., Fac. of Agric., Mansoura University.
T.R.
Owies
Senior Researcher, Agric .Eng. Res. Institute, Dokki - Giza.
A.A.
Farag
Agric. Eng. Dept., Fac. of Agric., Mansoura Univ.
10.21608/jssae.2014.49575
A study was carried out to test and evaluate the effect of pre-thermal treatment, pressing pressure and holding time on mechanical extraction of canola oil using a laboratory scale hydraulic press unit. The experimental parameters included five different levels of crushed seeds heating temperature (30, 75, 100, 125 and 150<sup>o</sup>C)for 30 minutes, five levels of pressure over the samples mats (163, 204, 244, 285 and 326 bar) and four levels of holding time (20, 40, 60 and 80 min). The experimental measurements included, seed bulk temperature, extracted and remained oil percentages, extraction efficiency and percentage of free fatty acids in the extracted oil. The obtained results showed that, the percentage of remaining oil decreased with the increase of bulk temperature among 30 to 62<sup>o</sup>C, while it was increased as the bulk temperature exceeded 62 till 90<sup>o</sup>C. Also, the percentage of remaining oil decreased and the extraction efficiency increased with the increasing of both, the applied pressure and the holding time at all levels of crushed seeds. On the other hands, no effect on the percentage of FFA in the extracted oil was observed at all levels of experimental parameters. The recorded values of the FFA percentage were ranged from 0.32 to 0.38% which was in the safe level for similar type of oils.
https://jssae.journals.ekb.eg/article_49575.html
https://jssae.journals.ekb.eg/article_49575_2db0ea4f4188434a7ed8087f625fa51a.pdf
Mansoura University, Faculty of Agriculture
Journal of Soil Sciences and Agricultural Engineering
2090-3685
2090-3766
5
7
2014
07
01
USING OF SOME MATHEMATICAL MODELS TO PREDICT THE GROUNDWATER QUALITY AND SOIL PRODUCTIVITY IN EL ARISH VALLEY AREA, NORTH SINAI, EGYPT
981
995
EN
R. M.
Fayed
Soils and Water Department, Faculty of agric. Al Azhar, Univ.
Gamal
Abdel Nasser
National Water Research Center
Kh. G. A.
Abd Alazim
National Water Research Center
10.21608/jssae.2014.49577
Groundwater is considered the main source of water in north Sinai at El Arish area.The groundwater level withdraw and the salinity of the water increased due to the increasing groundwater discharge and the decreasing of recharge from the rainfall. This study aims at identifying the impact of continuous pumping on groundwater quality and soil productivity in El Arish area. Historical data of some wells were used to predict the groundwater quantity and quality changes through using MODFLOW and MT3DMS models. Prediction of groundwater salinity was assessed under three scenarios which considered the increasing of pumping in both absence and occurrence of groundwater recharge from the rainfall. By using the predicted data of groundwater from the model, the soil salinity was calculated by using the equation of FAO (1985) EC<sub>e </sub>= EC * 1.5.The calculated values of the soil salinity indicated that the continuous pumping will cause potential increase in water salinity and subsequently the soil salinity will increase. Due to the FAO standard, the yield of tolerant crops will decrease sharply.
https://jssae.journals.ekb.eg/article_49577.html
https://jssae.journals.ekb.eg/article_49577_8533edc9e4d6825102d30f155a0872e2.pdf
Mansoura University, Faculty of Agriculture
Journal of Soil Sciences and Agricultural Engineering
2090-3685
2090-3766
5
7
2014
07
01
SOIL STUDIES ON LAKE NASSER REGION USING REMOTE SENSING AND GIS CAPABILITIES
1017
1035
EN
M.A.
Hammad
Soils and Water Dept., Al-Azhar Univ. Cairo, Egypt
T. M.
Mosalam
Soils and Water Dept., Al-Azhar Univ. Cairo, Egypt
Kh. M.
Al-Ashry
Soils and Water Dept., Al-Azhar Univ. Cairo, Egypt
M.
Hamzawy
Soils and Water Dept., Al-Azhar Univ. Cairo, Egypt
10.21608/jssae.2014.49580
NasserLake is an artificial lake located south of Egypt. The whole region is extremely arid, receiving no rainfall except for occasional thunderstorms which sporadically penetrate the area in winter. The images and GIS capabilities were used to generate soil maps. The data extracted from satellite images and digital elevation model indicated that the area under investigation includes six main physiographic units, Dissected desert uplands and Wadis, Desert plain, Sand sheet, Pediment, Plateau and Rock outcrops. Studying their morphological, chemical and physical characteristics, the soils were classified under the following taxa; Soils of the dissected Desert uplands are dominated by <em>Typic and Lithic Quartzpssanients Lithic and Typic Torripsamments. Torriorthents</em> are present where gravel of different sizes is included in a matrix of sand. The difference between <em>Quartzipsamments and Torripsamments</em> is only concerning the amount of gravels which is less than to be <em>Orthents or Quartzipsamments</em>. Quartz grains are almost composing sand grains where the chriteria used to define <em>Quartzipsamments</em> is only the composition of resistant minerals, the Torri moisture regime is prevailing under which both <em>Torripsamments and Quartzipsamments</em> are present.
Soils of the Desert plains are dominated by <em>Torriorthents</em> with minor tracts of <em>Torripsamments</em> and even <em>Haploduric Torripsamment. Fluvents</em> are present in areas of Wadis and desert basins <em>Ardisols</em> are represented in this unit by salids, <em>Gypsic Haplosolids and Gypsids, Haplogypsids.</em>
Soils of the sand sheets are including <em>Psamments (Quartzipsamment, Orthents (Torriorthent), Fluvents (Torrifluvents), salids (Haplosalids, and Gypsic Haplosalids).</em> The Fluvents in the area are the soils of wadis covered by sand sheets, while salids are those occupying desert basins. The pediments in the Piedmont plains are occupied by <em>Entisols, Orthents (Torriorthents), and Ardisols, salids (Gypsi Haplosalids)</em>. In the plateau parts in the study area, <em>Entisols, Orthents (Torriorthents)</em> are dominating.
Evaluating the capability of the studied lands revealed that the soils of the uplands are rated as poor to very poor. The Desert plains are dominated by fair class soils. The sand sheets comprised poor soils in general, fair and poor capability are minor. The pediment lands in this study are occupied by fair capability soils, while the plateau land area comprised poorly capable soils for agricultural use.
Landforms,Entisols,Nasser Lake,Ardisols,Soil,Capability
https://jssae.journals.ekb.eg/article_49580.html
https://jssae.journals.ekb.eg/article_49580_0dbc93724a1626c62c1b70eaeb7e5a15.pdf