Mansoura University, Faculty of Agriculture
Journal of Soil Sciences and Agricultural Engineering
2090-3685
2090-3766
4
6
2013
06
01
EFFECT OF SOME OPERATING FACTORS OF RESIDUES CHOPPER ON CORN STALKS CHOPPER QUALITY
537
551
EN
M. A.
EL-Attar
Ag.Eng. Res. Inst., A.R.C. Dokki – Giza.
S. K.
Abd El-Aty
Ag.Eng. Res. Inst., A.R.C. Dokki – Giza.
A. A.
Soliman
Ag.Eng. Res. Inst., A.R.C. Dokki – Giza.
10.21608/jssae.2013.51944
Crop residues are one of the most problems, which face the Egyptian farmer. The quantity of crop residues in Egypt reached about 18.7 to 25 million Mg per year. The performance of chopping machine was tested under the following parameters. A) Four cutter head speeds ( 22.1, 25.6, 29.2 and 35.3 m/s ), B) Three number of knives were (2, 4, and 8 knives ) and C) Three levels of corn stalks moisture contents were <br /> ( 35.0, 45.0, and 65.0 %).The performance of chopping machines as chopping length, degree of destruction, machine productivity and energy were measured.
The final results of this study could be summarized as follows:
Generally, increasing the cutter head speed from (22.1 to 35.3 m/s) tend to increase percentage of chopping length 0.5 to 2.0 cm from (50 to 60 %), degree of destruction from ( 28.7 to 38.2 %) , machine productivity from (1.32 to 2.81 Mg/h), useful power from (2.19 to 3.86 kW), and with decreasing the unit energy required from (1.87to 1.37 kW.h/Mg) and chopping machine cost from (16.33 to 7.22 L.E/ Mg ) at number of knives 2 and corn stalk moisture content of 65.0 %.
https://jssae.journals.ekb.eg/article_51944.html
https://jssae.journals.ekb.eg/article_51944_e5c889678a8c8cabe86fe694cdb5f4db.pdf
Mansoura University, Faculty of Agriculture
Journal of Soil Sciences and Agricultural Engineering
2090-3685
2090-3766
4
6
2013
06
01
EFFECT OF IRRIGATION REGIMES AND BIOFERTILIZERS ON YIELD AND SOME WATER RELATIONS OF SOYBEAN PLANT
553
561
EN
M. R.
Khalifa
Soil and Water Dept., Fac. of Agric. Kafrelsheikh Univ., Egypt
Iman M.
Soltan
Dept. of crops physiology Res. Inst., Agric. Res. center, Egypt
A. S.
El-Henawy
Soil and Water Dept., Fac. of Agric. Kafrelsheikh Univ., Egypt
10.21608/jssae.2013.51948
Two field experiments were carried out at El-Karada station of irrigation requirements, Kafr El-sheikh Governorate, during the two summer seasons 2008 &2009, to study the effect of irrigation regimes (irrigating soybean plants at 25, 50 and 75% of available soil moisture depletion (ASMD) and biofertilizers (inoculation soybean seeds with phosphoriene, Rizobial and their mixture, comparing with recommended NPK) on yield and its components, as well as, some water relations of soybean plants. The experimental design is split plot with three replicates, where the main plots were assigned to irrigation regimes, while the sub plots were devoted to biofertilizers.
Results showed that both of irrigation treatments and biofertilizers had highly significant effect on yield and its attributes of soybean plants. Irrigated treatments after the depletion of 50% in available soil moisture, gave the highest values of plant height, No. of branches per plant, No. of pods/plant, pods weight /plant, seed weight /plant,1000 seed weight and seed yield (kg/fed) in both growing seasons. Meanwhile, the lowest values of the abovementioned parameters were recorded under irrigation at 75 % ASMD in both seasons. Data also showed that phosphorien + rhizobial inoculation produced the tallest plants; however, the remains aforementioned characters were the highest under application of recommended NPK, followed by rhizobial inoculation in both growing seasons comparing with phosphorien.
Seasonal applied water (as an average of the two seasons) was 3451.4, 3006.9 and 2515.5m<sup>3</sup>/fed for irrigation at 25, 50 and 75%ASMD treatments, respectively. Irrigating soybean plants at 25% ASMD recorded the highest seasonal water consumption as an average of the two seasons (2272.9m<sup>3</sup>/fed), followed by irrigation treatments at 50% ASMD (2074.2m<sup>3</sup>/fed) , while the lowest seasonal water consumption was recorded under irrigation at 75% ASMD, and found to be (1859.2m<sup>3</sup>/fed). The highest values of crop water use efficiency (0.96&0.84 Kg/m<sup>3</sup>) and water productivity (0.66&0.58 kg seed yield /m3WA) were achieved under irrigation at 50% ASMD in both seasons, respectively. Meanwhile, irrigating soybean plants at 75% ASMD recorded the lowest values of CWUE (0.56&0.39 kg/m<sup>3</sup>) and water productivity (0.38 &0.29 kg/m<sup>3</sup>) in the 1<sup>st</sup> and 2<sup>nd</sup> seasons, respectively.
Soybean,Irrigation regime,rhizobial and phosphorien inoculation
https://jssae.journals.ekb.eg/article_51948.html
https://jssae.journals.ekb.eg/article_51948_52872d96d08cc9066c00e45343bb050f.pdf
Mansoura University, Faculty of Agriculture
Journal of Soil Sciences and Agricultural Engineering
2090-3685
2090-3766
4
6
2013
06
01
RESPONSE OF WHEAT TO INOCULATION WITH PLANT-GROWTH PROMOTING RHIZOBACTERIA AT DIFFERENT P FERTILIZATION LEVELS
563
575
EN
O. M.
Ghanem
Soil and Water Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Suez Canal University, 41522 Ismailia, Egypt
R. K.
Rabie
Soil and Water Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Suez Canal University, 41522 Ismailia, Egypt
S. A. M.
Abd El-Azeem
Soil and Water Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Suez Canal University, 41522 Ismailia, Egypt
T. A.
Mehana
Soil and Water Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Suez Canal University, 41522 Ismailia, Egypt
10.21608/jssae.2013.51950
Effect of seed inoculation with the rhizobacteria <em>Azospirillum brasilense</em> AC1 and <em>Micrococcus roseus</em> SW1 in combination with P fertilization at levels of 0, 50 and 100% of the recommended dose on yield and nutrient contents of wheat plants grown on a sandy soil was studied in a greenhouse pot experiment. The results showed that grain, straw and biological yields of wheat were significantly improved with raising P- level. Also, the seed inoculation with the two bacterial strains caused significant increases in both grain and straw yields as compared to the uninoculated control. In addition, both yield parameters were significantly higher with the strain AC1 than with SW1.The highest grain and straw yields were obtained with 100% P dose plus <em>A. brasilense</em> at which the increments over the corresponding uninoculated control were 44.2 and 50.9%, respectively. The uptake of N, P, Fe and Mn by grains as well as the total uptake of N, Zn and Cu by plant were significantly increased at 50 and 100% P doses as compared to the control, but the differences between the two P fertilizer doses were not significant. The uptake of K by grains and straw and uptake of P, Fe, Mn and Zn by straw as well as the total uptake of P, K, Fe and Mn by plant were also significantly increased with increasing P fertilization level up to 100% dose. The uptake of all measured nutrients (N, P, K, Fe, Mn, Zn, Cu) by grains and straw were significantly increased by seed inoculation with the two tested strains relative to the uninoculated controls. The foregoing results revealed that the effectiveness of the tested strains individually for improving yield and nutrient uptake by wheat decreased with increasing the applied levels of P. The results indicated also that inoculation of wheat with the two mentioned rhizobacterial strains improved yield and nutrient contents in plant. The dosage of P mineral fertilizer currently applied for wheat in the Egyptian sandy soils might be reduced by combination of <em>A. brasilense</em> AC1 inoculation plus 50% of the recommended superphosphate dose. These results are recommended for field evaluation under different soils and environmental conditions before generalization of the two tested strains as biofertilizers.
Pot experiment,Wheat,seed inoculation,nutrient uptake
https://jssae.journals.ekb.eg/article_51950.html
https://jssae.journals.ekb.eg/article_51950_8955ffb413984d1e59e905ee009fb8eb.pdf
Mansoura University, Faculty of Agriculture
Journal of Soil Sciences and Agricultural Engineering
2090-3685
2090-3766
4
6
2013
06
01
ISOLATION AND IDENTIFICATION OF HEAVY-METAL RESISTANT SOIL BACTERIA
577
589
EN
W. M.
Abd
Dept. of Soil Sciences and Water Resources, College of Agric., Baghdad University, Iraq
R. R.
Shahin
Dept. of Soil Sciences, Fac. Agric., Cairo University, Egypt
H. A.
Khater
Dept. of Soil Sciences, Fac. Agric., Cairo University, Egypt
M. A.
Ali
Agric. Microbiology Dept., Fac. Agric., Cairo University, Egypt
10.21608/jssae.2013.51953
Normal alluvial (FFS), calcareous (WNS) as well as sewage farm (ARS) soil samples amended with peptone nutrient solution were subjected to increasing concentrations of Pb, Cd, Zn and Ni then incubated for 7 days at 25<sup>o</sup>C. Total bacteria recorded the highest colony forming unites (cfug<sup>-1</sup>) in Abu-Rawash soils (ARS) even in the presence of increasing levels of Cd, Zn and Pb followed by the normal alluvial (FFS) and calcareous (Wadi- El- Natrun) soils. Under Ni stress, calcareous soil showed the highest population density which may be due to the lime effect. In the alluvial soil, counts were substantially reduced to 1% compared to plain soil applying only 3 mg Cd/kg soil while it was 10% in Abu-Rawash soil. For Pb- and Zn-contaminated soils, microbial density in alluviall soil recorded almost the same density as in Abu-Rawash and was higher than in calcareous soil. Dehyrogenase activity (DEH) decreased by 32% in the FFS, 35% in ARS and 17% in WNS as the applied Cd increased from 3 to 8 mg/kg soil. Increased amounts of Zn and Ni inhibited dehydrogenase (DEH) activity by higher 36-44% in FFS and ARS compared to that of WNS (17-22%). A significant positive correlation coefficient (<em>P<0.05</em>) was observed between microbial counts and DEH activity in almost all examined heavy metal-polluted soil. Sixty-seven bacterial isolates from the three heavy-metal-contaminated soils were <em>in vitro</em> examined for their ability to tolerate increasing concentrations of Cd, Zn, Pd and Ni in their culture media. A screening of 67 bacterial isolates was conducted on solid nutrient agar medium supplemented with increasing concentrations of the investigated metals. Nineteen isolates were selected according to their heavy metal tolerance. Some isolates were found to be able to grow in a medium containing up to 700 mg Pb/kg others were tolerant to 75 mg Zn/kg. A maximum tolerable level of 25 mg Ni/kgsoil was recorded with the isolates Nos. B-1, B-24, B+27, B-30, B+41, B+55 and B+64. The cultural, morphological and physiological characteristics of the heavy metal-resistant isolates were examined. The majority were Gram-positive long rod-shaped motile sporeforming isolates belonging to the genus <em>Bacillus</em>. The minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) of the examined heavy metals were designated for these isolates in submerged liquid cultures. For all examined isolates, culture OD<sub>600</sub> increased with time reaching a maximum after 10 day and declined thereafter. Among the examined isolates, the two Gram-positive <em>Bacillus</em> isolates Nos. B-48 and B+41 were the most tolerant to all heavy metals. The identities of these isolates were analyzed using the Sole-Carbon Cource Utilization Profile (Biolog, Inc., Hayward, CA2000). The isolate No. B-48 was identified as <em>Bacillus amyloliquefacien</em>s and No. B+41 as <em>Bacillus thuringiensis</em>.
Bacterial resistance,Heavy metals,dehydrogenase activity,sewage farm soil
https://jssae.journals.ekb.eg/article_51953.html
https://jssae.journals.ekb.eg/article_51953_f8c20a6b00d0bcf05748e8d3513af093.pdf