Mansoura University, Faculty of Agriculture
Journal of Soil Sciences and Agricultural Engineering
2090-3685
2090-3766
4
11
2013
11
01
NITROGEN EFFECIENCY IN BARELY UNDER SALINE-SODIC CONDITIONDS AS AFFECTED BY UREA, COMPOST AND BIOFERTILIZER (Rhizobium radiobacter sp.)
1169
1189
EN
A. M.
Helmy
Soil Science Dept., Fac. Agric., Zagazig Univ., Zagazig, Egypt
M. K.
Abdel Fattah
Soil Science Dept., Fac. Agric., Zagazig Univ., Zagazig, Egypt
Kh. A.
Shaban
Soil, Water and Environmental Res. Institute, ARC, Giza, Egypt
10.21608/jssae.2013.52897
Effects of application of different rates of urea, biofertilizer, (<em>Rhizobium radiobacter </em>sp.) as salt tolerant PGPR strain and compost on barley (<em>Hordeum valgare L</em>. cv. Giza 126) were studied on a saline-sodic sandy loam soil at Gelbana village, Northern Sinai Governorate, Egypt during the two successive winter seasons of 2011/2012 and 2012/2013. The studied treatments were No, control (non fertilized), N1, mineral-N (119 kg N ha<sup>-1</sup>), N2, mineral-N (179 kg N ha<sup>-1</sup>), equivalent 0 , 50 and 75% from recommended rate for barley, biofertilizer (Bio), biofertilizer (Bio) + N1, biofertilizer (Bio)+ N2, compost, compost + N1 and compost + N2. The results could be summarized as follow: available N, P, K, Fe, Mn and Zn concentrations were significantly increased due to the above mentioned treatments. On the other hand, the electrical conductivity (EC dSm<sup>-1</sup>) and soil pH values decreased due to these treatments. The applied urea, compost and biofertilizer as well as their combinations significantly, increased straw and grain yields as well as N, P, K, Fe, Mn and Zn contents in straw and grains, grain weight spike<sup>-1</sup> and 1000-grain weight in the two growing seasons, except grains spike<sup>-1</sup> which did not reach the level of significantly in the first season. The highest values of nitrogen use efficiency (NUE), nitrogen agronomic efficiency (NAE) and apparent nitrogen recovery (ANR) were obtained due to the treatment Biofertilizer + N1 (119 kg N ha<sup>-1</sup>). The higher rate of N fertilization <em>i.e.,</em>179 kg N ha<sup>-1</sup> combined with compost was of superior effect on improving soil chemical properties and increasing barley production, protein content and nutrient uptake as compared to the other treatments. This was found to be true for straw and grains. Thus, it is suggested to use a combination of organic and inorganic fertilizers to achieve the highest yield without negative effect on grain quality.
Saline-sodic soil,urea,biofertilizer,compost and barley
https://jssae.journals.ekb.eg/article_52897.html
https://jssae.journals.ekb.eg/article_52897_e5e9976add7fcf4e8ca2440d31451256.pdf
Mansoura University, Faculty of Agriculture
Journal of Soil Sciences and Agricultural Engineering
2090-3685
2090-3766
4
11
2013
11
01
UTILIZATION OF MODIFIED AIR-BLAST SPRAYER FOR WEED CONTROL
1191
1204
EN
Y. R.
Yusuf
Agric. Eng. Res. Inst. Dokki, Giza, Egypt
O. A.
Fouda
Agric. Eng. Res. Inst. Dokki, Giza, Egypt
M.A.
Awad
Agric. Eng. Res. Inst. Dokki, Giza, Egypt
10.21608/jssae.2013.52901
Using the flame in weed control is the most important alternative that means least harmful to environment and alternative to use of herbicides. Therefore, the main aim of this study was investigating the possibility using diesel fuel in weed control by developing and modifying the air-blast sprayers that it was investigated to killed and removed weeds in and aside irrigation and drainage filed ditches and also around fruit trees. This is done by installing a unit to generate the flame at the end of the air exit hole with replacing the pesticide inside the tank with diesel fuel. The experiments were conducted at the El-Serw Agricultural Research Station in 2013. The theoretical study was identified to determine the appropriate burning rate to singe, intensity and effect of flame out distance from device. The fuel diesel amount, fuel consumption and field capacity were estimated under flame speed of 1.6, 2.0 and 2.4 km/h; air velocity of 44, 57, 68 and 83 m/s and nozzles diameters of 0.75, 1.00 and 1.25 mm. The modified flame device evaluated measuring the flame length, completely flamed weeds ratio per m<sup>2</sup>. The fuel diesel for weeds controlling was estimated and fuel consumed and then the field capacity. The results indicated that using the modified flame device to burn weeds in and aside irrigation and drainage filed channels at the operating forward speed of 1.6 km/h, and air-blast speed of 83 m/s with nozzle diameter of 1.0 mm achieved a long effective flame length of 92 cm, weeds burning rate, directly after treatments, of 95 % and burning weeds rate 8 hours later, of 100 %. Field capacity was 1407 m<sup>2</sup>/h and diesel consumed for flaming 5.5 l/1000m<sup>2</sup> under the same previous conditions respectively. The study recommended that using the developed device in and aside irrigation and drainage filed channels and around fruit trees. Furthermore, it can be used in small holdings with possibility of developing the device to become self-propelled for use in large spaces.
https://jssae.journals.ekb.eg/article_52901.html
https://jssae.journals.ekb.eg/article_52901_b97e003cd6b0df6be06517139c653eb8.pdf
Mansoura University, Faculty of Agriculture
Journal of Soil Sciences and Agricultural Engineering
2090-3685
2090-3766
4
11
2013
11
01
CHEMICAL AND BIOLOGICAL INDICATORS OF SOIL QUALITY IN ORGANIC AND CONVENTIONAL FARMING SYSTEMS
1273
1288
EN
M. A.
Daif
Soil Science Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
H. A.
Khater
Soil Science Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
M.
Abdul Aleem
Soil microbiology Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
Mai M.
Rehan
Soil Science Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
10.21608/jssae.2013.52907
Organic farming has gained ground worldwide and has expanded in recent years due to environmental, economic, and social concerns. In Egypt, up to 1.10 % of the agricultural area is managed organically. The transition from conventional to organic farming is accompanied by changes in an array of soil properties and processes that affect soil fertility. These changes in soil properties under Egyptian condition are not well documented. Therefore, the present study was carried out to study the comparative effects of organic and conventional farming systems on some soil chemical and biological indicators under Egyptian conditions. Surface soil samples (0-30 cm) were collected from eight field pairs (one organic field ant its conventional counterpart) to represent three organic farms in three governorates. Three organic fields which were in organic practice for four; six, and ten years since certification and three adjacent conventional fields were chosen from Fayoum Organic Farm, Tubhar city, Fayoum Governorate. Two organic fields which were in organic practice for twenty and thirty years since certification and two adjacent conventional fields were chosen from SEKEM Organic Farm, Bilbeis city, Sharkyia Governorate. Three organic fields which were in organic practice for eight, ten and twelve years since certification and three adjacent conventional fields were chosen from a private organic farm located in Salhyia city, Ismailia Governorate. The studied soil chemical indicators include soil organic carbon, T-N, pH, EC, Ex-Cations, and Available N, P, K, Fe, Mn, Zn, Cu while the biological indicators include population of bacteria, actinomycetes, azotobacter and fungi as well as dehydrogenase, alkaline phosphatase and Urease activities. Organically managed soils showed significantly better soil nutritional and microbiological conditions regardless of periods of organic farming practice. Soil organic carbon, T-N, and available N, P, K, Fe, and Mn contents were significantly higher in the organic system than in the conventional system. Soil pH, EC, available Cu and Zn were higher in the conventional system than in the organic system. The microbial communities (bacteria, actinomycetes, azotobacter & fungi) and enzyme activities (dehydrogenase, alkaline phosphataes & urease) were also greater in soils from organic system.
Conventional and organic farming,soil quality indicators,soil microbial population,soil enzyme activity
https://jssae.journals.ekb.eg/article_52907.html
https://jssae.journals.ekb.eg/article_52907_094e7386f77676dddedc4c09f264af0d.pdf
Mansoura University, Faculty of Agriculture
Journal of Soil Sciences and Agricultural Engineering
2090-3685
2090-3766
4
11
2013
11
01
EFFECT OF WATER STRESS, BIOFERTILIZERS AND NITROGEN APPLICATION RATES ON COWPEA YIELD AND SOME WATER RELATIONS IN THE NORTH MIDDLE NILE DELTA REGION
1289
1311
EN
E.A.
Moursi
Soils, Water and Environment Research Institute, ARC, Giza, Egypt.
Manal A.
Aziz
Soils, Water and Environment Research Institute, ARC, Giza, Egypt.
M.A.
Aiad
Soils, Water and Environment Research Institute, ARC, Giza, Egypt.
R.Kh.
Darwesh
Soils, Water and Environment Research Institute, ARC, Giza, Egypt.
10.21608/jssae.2013.52899
Two field experiments were carried out at Sakha Agricultural Research station (31<sup>o</sup>o5` N latitude and 30<sup>o</sup>57` E longitude) Kafr El-Sheikh governorate during the two successive summer growing seasons 2012 and 2013 to investigate the effect of water stress through various growth stages, biofertilizers and nitrogen application rates on cowpea yield, its components, uptake of phosphorus, nitrogen and protein content in some plant organs and some water relations in the North Middle Nile Delta region. A split split plot design with four replicates was used in this present study where the main treatments were randomly assigned by irrigation treatments which were I<sub>1</sub> (control treatment), I<sub>2</sub> (withholding one irrigation at the vegetative growth stage), I<sub>3</sub> (withholding one irrigation at the flowering growth stage) and I<sub>4</sub> (withholding one irrigation at pod formation stage), where the sub-plot were randomly assigned by application of nitrogen which were three rates of application, N<sub>1</sub> (control treatment, without nitrogen application), N<sub>2</sub> (application of 15 kg N/fed.) and N<sub>3</sub> (application of 30 kg N/fed. which considers the recommended dose for cowpea).where the sub sub plot were randomly assigned by biofertilizers which were b<sub>1</sub> (without biofertilizers application) and b<sub>2</sub> (application of biofertilizers for the soil after emergence),
The main results of this present investigation can be summarized as follows: amount of seasonal water applied were clearly affected by irrigation treatments. The highest values were recorded under irrigation treatment I<sub>1</sub> comparing with other irrigation treatments I<sub>2</sub>, I<sub>3</sub> and I<sub>4</sub> in the two growing seasons. The highest values were 2950 m<sup>3</sup>/fed. (70.2 cm) and 2980 m<sup>3</sup>/fed (70.95 cm) in the first and second growing seasons, respectively.
Concerning the effect of irrigation treatments on the mean values of seasonal consumptive use, the highest values were also recorded under irrigation treatment I<sub>1</sub> in the two growing seasons and the mean values were 1823.3 and 1846.7 m<sup>3</sup>/fed in the first and second growing seasons, respectively. On the contrary, under other irrigation treatments, I<sub>2</sub>, I<sub>3</sub> and I<sub>4</sub> recorded mean values which less than that recorded under irrigation treatment (I<sub>1</sub>).
The highest mean values for both (WP) and (PIW) were recorded under stress conditions I<sub>2</sub>, I<sub>3</sub> and I<sub>4</sub> comparing with non-stressed treatments I<sub>1</sub> (traditional irrigation) in the two growing seasons. also, both biofertilizers application and nitrogen rates have an effect on both (WP) and (PIW) where the highest mean values for both the two irrigation efficiencies , cowpea yield and yield components, nitrogen, phosphorus percentage and protein content were recorded under N<sub>3</sub> b<sub>2</sub> .
Concerning with the nitrogen percentage and protein content the highest overall mean values were recorded under irrigation treatment I<sub>1</sub> and the values are 3.336 and 3.277% for nitrogen and 20.85 and 20.48% for protein content in the first and second growing seasons, respectively. On the contrary, the lowest overall mean values were recorded under irrigation treatment I<sub>4</sub> the overall mean values are 3.191 and 2.942% for nitrogen and 19.94 and 18.39% for protein content in the first and second growing seasons, respectively. Also, data showed that the highest overall mean values for phosphorus percentage in the two growing seasons were also recorded under irrigation treatment I<sub>1</sub> and the overall mean values are 0.201 and 0.195% in the first and second growing seasons, respectively. On the contrary, the lowest overall mean values were recorded under water stress conditions in the two growing seasons.
Water stress,cowpea yield,water productivity
https://jssae.journals.ekb.eg/article_52899.html
https://jssae.journals.ekb.eg/article_52899_f5f40c02e9c093340610d9bf23edc43f.pdf
Mansoura University, Faculty of Agriculture
Journal of Soil Sciences and Agricultural Engineering
2090-3685
2090-3766
4
11
2013
11
01
INFLUENCE OF DIFFERENT SOURCES AND LEVELS OF NITROGEN AND ROCK PHOSPHATE ADDITION ON MAIZE PRODUCTIVITY AND SOIL FERTILITY
1313
1328
EN
A.M.
Abd El-Hafeez
Soil, Water and Environment Res. Inst., A.R.C.
H.A.
Awadalla
Soil, Water and Environment Res. Inst., A.R.C.
S.A.
Ismail
Soil, Water and Environment Res. Inst., A.R.C.
10.21608/jssae.2013.52903
Two field experiments were conducted at Sids Agricultural Research Station Farm during 2010 and 2011 seasons to investigate the effect of two nitrogen fertilizer sources, namely ammonia gas (83<em>%</em> N) and urea (46.5% N) with three levels, i.e. 60, 90 and 120 kg N/fed as well as rock phosphate as phosphorus source under two levels (0.0 and 300 kg rock P/fed) on growth characters ,yield and its components,net income and N, P and K concentrations and uptake of maize (<em>Zea mays</em> L.) as well as soil fertility. The results show that 120 kg N/fed as ammonia gas recorded the highest values of plant height, dry weight/plant, ear length and diameter, 100-seed weight, grain and stover yields, net income, N, P and K concentrations and uptake and nitrogen availability, while number of rows and kernels/ear and P and K availability not affected by either nitrogen sources or levels. Application of rock phosphate significantly increased plant height, dry weight/plant, 100-seed weight, grain and stover yields, net income, N and P concentrations and N, P and K uptake as well as P availability, while ear length and diameter, number of rows and kernels, K concentration and the availability of N and K in soil after harvesting not affected. Phosphorus concentrations in both grains or stover and N and P availability in soil after harvesting were affected by increasing nitrogen levels only under ammonia gas application.
Maize,growth characters,yield and its components,Net income,NPK concentration and uptake,ammonia gas,urea,Soil fertility
https://jssae.journals.ekb.eg/article_52903.html
https://jssae.journals.ekb.eg/article_52903_50ddcf8cfa36881f4f7692b6afd529fb.pdf
Mansoura University, Faculty of Agriculture
Journal of Soil Sciences and Agricultural Engineering
2090-3685
2090-3766
4
11
2013
11
01
INFLUENCE OF INORGANIC NITROGEN, PHOSPHORUS AND BIO-FERTILIZERS ON GROWTH, YIELD AND YIELD COMPONENTS AND NUTRIENT UPTAKE OF CUCUMBER (Cucumis sativus L.)
1329
1346
EN
A.M.
Abd El-Hafeez
Soil, Water and Environment Res. Inst., A.R.C., Egypt.
R.M.
Ali
Vegatable Crop Depts., Hort. Inst., A.R.C., Egypt.
10.21608/jssae.2013.52905
Two field experiments were conducted during 2010 and 2011 seasons at Sids Horticultural Researh Station, Beni Swif Governorate, Egypt to investigate the effect of inorganic nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizers and bio-fertilizers, namely, Biogen and phosphorine on cucumber growth characters (vine length, shoot fresh and dry weights and number of leaves/plant), yield components (fruit length, fruit girth, number of fruit/plant and fruit weight/plant), early yield as the sum of the first three picking of fruits (number of early fruits/plant, early yield, kg/plant and early yield, t/fed), yield (number of total fruit, total yield/plant and total yield t/fed) and N, P and K uptake of cucumber shoots.
<strong>Results could be summerized as follows:</strong>
- Nitrogen fertilizer at 90 kg/fed yielded the highest values of growth parameters, yield and its components, early yield and nutrient content These parameters, also responded to bio-fertilizers and inorganic phosphorus fertilizer at 9.8 kg P/fed, except fruit girth which did not affected by bio-fertilizer or phosphorus.
- The combined of 70 kg N/fed + 6.8 kg P/fed + Biogen + Phosphorine treatment seemed to be the best treatment for all studied parameters, which means the posibality of saving about 20 kg N/fed and 3 kg P/ fed by combined nitrogen and phosphorus bio-fertilizers with inorganic sources.
Cucumber,growth parameters,Yield and yield components,early yield and nutrient uptake
https://jssae.journals.ekb.eg/article_52905.html
https://jssae.journals.ekb.eg/article_52905_90703e1e5298fd02b1dc678388368938.pdf