2024-03-29T13:49:18Z
https://jssae.journals.ekb.eg/?_action=export&rf=summon&issue=5874
Journal of Soil Sciences and Agricultural Engineering
2090-3685
2090-3685
2018
9
8
Evaluation of Groundwater Quality for Irrigation and its Effects on some Soil Chemical Properties in the Western Desert of El-Minia Governorate, Egypt
Y.
Abdel-Mageed
H.
Hassan
A.
Abdel-Rahim
M.
Abd EL- Azeim
M.
Matouk
In the Western Desert of El-Minia Governorate, the area of future strategic inventory to Egypt, groundwater is the chief source of water supply for agriculture and domestic uses. Field trails were conducted for two successive growth seasons of tomato grown in newly reclaimed lands, irrigated with groundwater (EC 2.24 and 3.86 dS m-1), subjected to water stress (irrigation every 3, 4, and 5 days), and fertilized with different potassium levels. The experiments were carried out at the Agricultural Experiments and Research Center, Faculty of Agriculture, Minia University, El-Minia Governorate, Egypt, to evaluate groundwater suitability for irrigation and to determine effects of groundwater salinity and irrigation intervals on soil salinity build up and some soil chemical properties using drip irrigation system under application of potassium fertilization. The obtained results indicated that groundwater is suitable for crop irrigation in terms of some chemical criteria features of water quality such as sodium adsorption ratio, pH, Na/Cl ratio, Ca/Mg ratio, and magnesium hazard. On the other hand, groundwater is unsuitable for crop irrigation due to other features such as high concentration of total dissolved salts (ranged from 1477 to 2497 mg L-1) and water EC (ranged from 2.24 to 3.86 dS m-1), chloride and bicarbonate concentration. The higher electrical conductivity values lie under degree of restriction on use ''Severe'', indicating that using such groundwater in irrigation may cause a severe salinity problem in soils on the long-term saline irrigation if not managed properly. Higher levels of water salinity and lower irrigation intervals significantly increased initial soil electrical conductivity, soil salinity build up, and soil pH due to increased water salinity levels and inadequate irrigation and drainage water. As a result of physicochemical groundwater characteristics, groundwater in the Western Desert aquifer is may be used carefully for irrigation of some suitable crops under certain conditions. Results of this research evidently specified that if suitable irrigation management practices were adopted, it is feasible to irrigate crops using relatively high saline water under arid conditions.
Groundwater quality
salinity build up
chemical properties
2018
08
01
283
294
https://jssae.journals.ekb.eg/article_35872_1dec82362aade53ae5707afda5fd9e3e.pdf
Journal of Soil Sciences and Agricultural Engineering
2090-3685
2090-3685
2018
9
8
Potassium Fertilization Role in Tomato Tolerance of Water Salinity and Stress under Drip Irrigation System
Y.
Abdel-Mageed
H.
Hassan
A.
Abdel-Rahim
M.
Abd EL- Azeim
M.
Matouk
A study was carried out on a field scale during two successive growth seasons (2009/2010 and 2010/2011) on tomato plants irrigated with saline ground water (2.24 and 3.86 dS m-1) using drip irrigation system, subjected to water stress (irrigation every 3, 4, and 5 days), and were grown under application of potassium fertilization (96, 120, and 144 kg K2O/feddan) in newly reclaimed lands at the Agricultural Experiments and Research Center, Faculty of Agriculture, Minia University, El-Minia Governorate, Egypt. The current study aims to investigate the effects of irrigation water salinity and water stress on tomato growth, tomato yield, and tomato fruit quality under application of a salinity and water stress alleviated amendment (potassium fertilization) using drip irrigation system. The obtained results of the current study showed that increasing irrigation water salinity level from 2.24 dS m-1 to 3.86 dS m-1 decreased tomato plant height, tomato shoots fresh weight, average tomato fruit weight, fresh tomato fruit yield, and tomato fruit dry weight, while, it increased tomato shoots dry weight, number of tomato fruits per plant, total soluble solids of tomato, and tomato fruits marketability (shelf life) in growth seasons. Increasing irrigation interval from 3 up to 5 days decreased tomato shoots fresh weight in both growth seasons, however, it increased tomato shoots dry weight, total soluble solids, and tomato fruits marketability in the two growth seasons. Increasing the potassium fertilization level from 96 up to 144 kg K2O/feddan increased the tomato plant height, tomato shoots dry weight, average tomato fruit weight, total soluble solids of tomato, and tomato fruits marketability. Increasing the potassium fertilization level from 96 to 120 or 144 kg K2O/feddan increased the tomato shoots fresh weight, number of tomato fruits per plant, fresh tomato fruit yield, and tomato fruit dry weight in the two growth seasons. The increase in the tomato plant height, tomato shoots fresh weight, tomato shoots dry weight, number of tomato fruits per plant, average tomato fruit weight, fresh tomato fruit yield, total soluble solids of tomato, tomato fruits marketability, and tomato fruit dry weight implies that application of potassium fertilization to soil alleviated adverse effects of salinity stress and water stress on tomato growth, tomato yield, and tomato fruit quality. The results of the current research indicated that it can be recommended that to alleviate and manage adverse effects of salinity stress and water stress on tomato growth, tomato yield, and tomato fruit quality, good cultural practices management to be followed are: (1) irrigate tomato plants every 4 days, (2) apply appropriate and optimized requirements of potassium fertilization to soils (120 kg K2O/feddan), and (3) use drip irrigation system as an irrigation management which might control soil salinity build-up and soil water content since it can keep a high soil water content and low salt concentration in the root zone.
salinity
intervals
potassium
Tomato
Drip irrigation
2018
08
01
295
306
https://jssae.journals.ekb.eg/article_35876_d0d826c5bcb64a8366a539dfa2dc7345.pdf
Journal of Soil Sciences and Agricultural Engineering
2090-3685
2090-3685
2018
9
8
Developing a Grading Machine for Eggplant
E.
Amin
T.
El-Shabrawy
Shaimaa
Abd El-kader
A small grading machine was developed, fabricated and evaluated technically and economically based on spherical crops such as Baladi eggplant variety. Grading acts by using cylinder system of rod for grading system be used in small horticultural holdings, small grading stations and small factories. The effect of some parameters such as drum speed of grading unit (0.31; 0.41; 0.59) m/sec and slope angle of grading unit (0.0; 1.0; 2.0; 3.0 deg.). The grading machine capacity (ton/h), grading efficiency (%), mechanical damage of eggplant (%) and specific energy consumption (kW. h/ton) and total operation cost (LE / ton), were studied to evaluate the grading prototype. The best results were obtained at drum speed 0.41 m/sec and grading slope angle 2.0 degree. At above variables the maximum grading efficiency recorded 84.6 %, damage index of 5.08 %, specific energy consumption of 0.32 kW. h/ton and total productivity cost for one ton was 5.62 LE / ton for Baladi eggplant variety.
2018
08
01
307
311
https://jssae.journals.ekb.eg/article_35795_d0ef2be127cfabdba297b52f095b96bf.pdf
Journal of Soil Sciences and Agricultural Engineering
2090-3685
2090-3685
2018
9
8
Comparative Study for Two Types of Solar Dryers (Modified-Quonset and Lean-to) for Drying Stevia Plants (Rebaudiana bertoni)
S.
Abdellatif
Y.
El-Hadidi
Ghada
Abdell Razik
Doha
EL-Sayed
The main objectives of this research work were to design, construct, and operate two different active solar dryers (Modified-Quonset and Lean-to structural forms). Thermal performance analysis of the two solar dryers, drying characteristics of thin layer of Stevia plants, and comparing experimentally between them were also tested, examined and evaluated. Moreover, the effect of drying process on the three different physical and chemical components (pigments, primary components, and anti-oxidant) had measured before and after the drying process using the two different solar dryers. The experimental work carried out on the completed plants (comprehended stems, branches, and leaves) from 25st to 28th of September 2016. The obtained results revealed that, the completed Stevia plants dried from the initial moisture content of 73.56% w.b. to 7.55% w.b. within 36 hours with drying rate of 30.03 g/hr using the Modified-Quonset solar drier. While, using Lean-to solar drier, the initial moisture content reduced from 73.56% w.b. into 5.35% w.b. within 12 hour achieving drying rate of 90.9 g/hr. For the duration of the experimental work, the hourly average thermal efficiencies for the Modified-Quonset and Lean-to solar driers, respectively, were 59.57% and 61.91%. The diurnal average solar drying efficiencies for the two solar driers during this research work were 20.45% and 25.51%, respectively. Therefore, the drying efficiency of the Lean-to solar drier was greater than that of the Modified-Quonset solar drier by 24.74%. Results also revealed that, the quality of dried product using Lean-to solar drier is better than Modified-Quonset solar drier. The very important content in the Stevia plants as a glycoside species, is the total sugar, which on an average slightly reduced (23.35%) due to drying process using Lean-to solar driers as compared with the Modified-Quonset solar drier when the total sugar reduced by 29.44%.
2018
08
01
313
320
https://jssae.journals.ekb.eg/article_35863_d1691b7ee4cbe87785609748c72aec48.pdf
Journal of Soil Sciences and Agricultural Engineering
2090-3685
2090-3685
2018
9
8
Effect of Biochar and Chicken Manure on Soil Properties and Growth Traits of Coriander Plant Irrigated with Saline Water in Sandy Soil
M.
Amaref
Dina
Ghazi
A.
El-Ghamry
A pot trial was conducted in the nursery of the Faculty of Agriculture, Mansoura University during the 2016/2017 season to study the effect of biochar and chicken manure on sandy soil properties and traits of coriander plant and the possibility of utilizing the seawater diluted (10%) in irrigation. Randomized complete plot design (RCBD) with three replicates was used in this study. The treatments were as follows: Without (Control), Chicken manure, (20 ton fed-1, i.e. 400 g pot-1) and biochar, (5 ton fed-1, i.e. 100 gpot-1). Results showed that the organic amendments [chicken manure and biochar] had highly significant effects on all the studied chemical and physical properties of sandy soil such as, total N, P, K, Fe, Zn, Mn, Ca, Mg, Na, pH, EC and bulk density. Adding biochar and chicken manure gave the best values of all the studied chemical and physical properties of sandy soil compared with control. Also, it was noticed surpassed that biochar treatment over chicken manure in some chemical traits of the soil, such as, total N, P, Na and Cl in the soil. On the other side, the chicken manure surpassed over biochar in some chemical traits of the soil, such as, K, Fe, Mn, Ca and Mg. Results indicated that the organic amendments [chicken manure and biochar] had highly significant effects on all the studied chemical, growth and yield traits of coriander plant, i.e. total N, P and K (%); total Fe, Zn and Mn contents (mgkg-1); plant fresh weight (g), plant dry weight (g), plant height (cm), leaves number per plant and chlorophyll content. Adding chicken manure and biochar gave the best values of all the studied chemical, growth and yield traits of coriander plant compared with control. In addition, it was noticed surpassed the chicken manure over biochar in improving all the studied chemical, growth and yield traits of coriander plant. Therefore, it could be recommended that adding the organic amendments (chicken manure or biochar) to improve the chemical and physical properties of sandy soil and chemical and growth traits of coriander plant irrigated with saline water (diluted seawater, 10%) in sandy soil.
Biochar
chicken manure
sandy soil
saline water
coriander (Coriandrum sativum L.)
2018
08
01
321
328
https://jssae.journals.ekb.eg/article_35812_e878b409fc9dcdfc98ad900424e0122b.pdf
Journal of Soil Sciences and Agricultural Engineering
2090-3685
2090-3685
2018
9
8
Utilization of High Voltage to Separate Glycerol during Producing Biodiesel
Z.
Ismail
A.
Moussa
M.
Deef
Fried cocking oil from different homes were collected to produce biodiesel through trans-esterification process. It is a chemical reaction between fried cocking oil molecules and methanol alcohol in the presence of catalyst like potassium hydroxide to obtain glycerol as a by-product and biodiesel as a major product. Using gravity technique for separating is not appropriate method because it is conformed per long period; therefore, high voltage technique has been shown capable of fast causing glycerol fallout. The purpose of this research is to examine the effect of electrodes span having different high voltages on separating period between methyl ester (biodiesel) and glycerol; besides, to determine the energy consumption for this technique compared to gravity. Data indicated that the least separating period was 210 seconds at distance of 2 cm between electrodes with high voltage 7.2 kV per mixture 10 liters.
Fried cocking oil
separating glycerol
high voltage
Biodiesel
2018
08
01
329
332
https://jssae.journals.ekb.eg/article_35867_cd5c142db1f5122b4fab48f0998d5cc5.pdf
Journal of Soil Sciences and Agricultural Engineering
2090-3685
2090-3685
2018
9
8
Multivariate and Spatial Analysis of Soil Quality in Kafr El-Sheikh Governorate, Egypt
A.
Abuzaid
M.
Bassouny
A precise evaluation of soil quality (SQ) is important for sustainable land-use planning. An assessment of SQ was done in 674.13 km2 (67413 ha) of the agricultural lands in west of Kafr El-Sheikh Governorate, Egypt. Thirty soil profiles were dug and samples were collected and analyzed for different physicochemical properties. A score was assigned for each SQ indicator using linear scoring function. The soil quality index (SQI) was computed using three indices; additive index, weighted additive index and Nemoro index. Each SQI was calculated using two methods of indicator selection; total dataset (TDS) and minimum dataset (MDS) extracted by principal component analysis (PCA). Results showed that electrical conductivity, calcium carbonate, silt, bulk density and water holding capacity were included in the MDS that accounted for 84.37% of the total variance of the TDS. High significant correlations occurred between SQIs calculated using TDS and MDS under the three models, indicating high efficiency of the PCA to establish a MDS for the study area. The highest correlation and most prediction occurred when applying the weighted additive index. Further investigations are recommended to appraise indicators included in the MDS.
factor analysis
Minimum dataset
Soil quality index
Spatial analysis
Kafr El-Sheikh
2018
08
01
333
339
https://jssae.journals.ekb.eg/article_35804_e00dabaef96d016922d241daf750d356.pdf
Journal of Soil Sciences and Agricultural Engineering
2090-3685
2090-3685
2018
9
8
Assessing and Mapping Changes in Agricultural Lands and Water Features in El-Hammam area, Northern Coast of Egypt
A.
Elnaggar
Kh.
ElHamdi
Heba
ElShabrawy
Changes in land use are evident in the north-western parts of Egypt mainly due to agricultural, industrial, tourism and urbanization activities. Accordingly, the main aim of the current study was to estimate the changes in agricultural lands and water features in El-Hammam area from 1987 to 2017 using remotely sensed data and techniques. For that purpose, Landsat data were collected during four periods (1987, 2001, 2007 and 2017). These data were preprocessed and analyzed. Two vegetation and water indices were used to study the changes in agricultural lands and water features in the studied area during these four periods of time. The two vegetation indices include the NDVI and the SAVI, whereas the two water indices are the NDWI and the MNDWI. The obtained results indicated a significant increase in agricultural areas, which is mainly due the increase in land reclamation and cultivation projects. The areas of water bodies were also increased, which could be attributed to the increase in agricultural irrigation and drainage. This reveals the importance of the studied area in agricultural development and sustainability.
2018
08
01
341
352
https://jssae.journals.ekb.eg/article_35901_609d6ea3d2021c5f72fe656eb0316302.pdf
Journal of Soil Sciences and Agricultural Engineering
2090-3685
2090-3685
2018
9
8
Effect of Water Irrigation from Different Sources on Soil and Plant Properties in Qalyubiya Governorate, Egypt
M.
Mohamed
A.
Mashhour
A.
Abd El-Fattah
M.
Abo - Ziud
Particularly in dry regions, the scarcity of high-quality fresh water has heightened the importance of urban water re-use. The aim of this research is to evaluate the different of water resources in Qalyubiya Governorate, Egypt, for irrigation purposes. Its bounded by latitudes 30º 25′ N and longtitudes 31º 13′ E, 17 meters high above sea level. Taking into consideration the effect of used water on soil properties and accumulation of some elements in plants. Representative water, soil and plant samples were collected from Abu El-Manja canal and Iskandar drain sites, Qalyub area. The results indicated that soil salinity increased due to the application of drainge water in irrigation, howevere Rice plants diminshed the salinity effect. It is observed that the concentration of Pb, Zn and Cu increased in Onion and rice plants either irrigated by canal water or drainage water. No significance differnent in soil physical properties were observed in both study sites.
Heavy metals
water quality
soil properties
2018
08
01
353
358
https://jssae.journals.ekb.eg/article_35878_e7b206ad92e5d1475f3743f36bb8dd93.pdf
Journal of Soil Sciences and Agricultural Engineering
2090-3685
2090-3685
2018
9
8
Effect of Mineral Nitrogen Fertilization and some Organic Materials on Garlic Yield and Soil Fertility under Different Irrigation Intervals
R.
El-Dissoky
M.
Gahwash
Garlic (Allium sativum L.) is one of the most important crops in Egypt due to its high medical and nutritive values which were affected negatively by the excessive use in mineral nitrogen fertilizers and irrigation too. For this purpose, two field experiments were carried out during the successive winter seasons of 2015/2016 and 2016/2017 at a private farm in Besendela Village, Belqas District, Dakahlia Governorate, Egypt (31° 20' 326.7" N and 31° 45' 286.0" E) to assess the effect of mineral N fertilization (at three rates 72, 96, 120 kg N fed-1) and some organic materials (control, 10 m3 compost and 4 kg potassium-humate "KH" fed-1) under different irrigation intervals (15, 20 and 25 days) on plant growth, yield, quality, nutrients uptake of garlic and soil fertility. Treatments were arranged in Strip-Split Plot Design with three replicates; irrigation treatments in the strip plots; organic materials in the main plots, and rates of nitrogen fertilizer in the split plots. Results demonstrated that, treatments and their interactions improved soil fertility indices (available N, P, K, Fe, Mn and Zn and organic matter content). Besides plant growth characters and its nutrients content, garlic yield and its nutritive values (N, P, K, S, Ca, Fe, Mn and Zn contents) showed significant increase with the application of organic materials and increasing N rates under irrigation intervals. Interactions among treatments had significant effect on most of parameters under study, with superior the interactions impact of the N-rate 96 kg N fed-1 either with compost or KH under irrigation every 20 days. For the yield quality; bulbs content of dry matter, sulfur and pungency enhanced with the applications of compost or KH alongside with mineral N fertilization up to 96 kg N fed-1, moreover its content of nitrate was decreased. On the other hand, quality indices declined with increasing the application rate of mineral N fertilizer up to 120 kg N fed-1, and accumulation of nitrate in bulbs increased. It could be concluded that application of compost or KH along with mineral nitrogen fertilizer at the rate of 96 kg N fed-1 with irrigation the plants every 20 days had favorable effect on the most studied traits of garlic yield and quality.
nitrogen
compost
potassium-humate
Irrigation
Soil fertility
garlic yield
quality and nutrients uptake
2018
08
01
359
371
https://jssae.journals.ekb.eg/article_35883_18e04fb02352f27997f004172eb16d42.pdf
Journal of Soil Sciences and Agricultural Engineering
2090-3685
2090-3685
2018
9
8
Effect of N-Fertilizer Types and Rates Interacted with Water Regime on Micronutrients Uptake by Potato Grown on Sandy Soil
M.
Soliman
A field experiment was conducted on sand soil to evaluate the impact of interaction between nitrogen sources, rates water regime on micronutrients uptake by potato crop. Potato plants were fertilized with urea and ammonium phosphate applied at rates of 150, and 90 kg ha-1 of both two different N forms in addition to unfertilized treatment. These two rates were splitted into two equal doses; first one was applied at 20 days after seedling initiation and the second at 25 days from the first dose. Plants were grown under two water regimes, i.e. 100% and 60% Etc. Fe, Mn, Cu and Zn were frequently affected by water regimes. Except Cu, other elements were significantly accumulated in tubers under 60% evapotranspiration (Etc) regimes higher than 100% Etc regime. Fe, Mn in tubers was higher in case of urea than ammonium phosphate at rate of 150 kg N ha-1 as compared to 90 kg N ha-1. Cu values in tubers did not significantly affected by water regimes and N rates but urea form still superior over ammonium phosphate. On the other hand, Zn was more accumulated in tubers of plants fertilized ammonium phosphate applied at 90 kg N ha-1 under 60% Etc water regime comparing to other treatments. Transfer of Fe from soil to potato tubers seems to be very low. Mn was moderately transferred from soil to potato tubers. Copper was moderately to high transferred from soil to plant tubers as affected by tested factors. Potato tubers act as accumulator for Zn since TF was high and nearly to 1. Ammonium phosphate enhanced the transfer of Zn comparing to urea fertilizer. It increases with application of 90 kg N ha-1 as compared to 150 kg N ha-1. There was no significant difference between 100% and 60% Etc water regimes.
Micronutrients
Nitrogen rate
N forms
potato
Transfer factor
Water regimes
2018
08
01
373
379
https://jssae.journals.ekb.eg/article_35904_318e0c7c588439a7c807cb570b153a9a.pdf