2024-03-28T12:38:45Z
https://jssae.journals.ekb.eg/?_action=export&rf=summon&issue=6428
Journal of Soil Sciences and Agricultural Engineering
2090-3685
2090-3685
2016
7
12
Response of Cantaloupe Yield, Yield Components and Quality to Irrigation Rates and Soil Amendments Under Drip Irrigation in Calcareous Soils
A.
Abdel-Halim
M.
Ramadan
A two-season field experiment was carried out in the newly reclaimed calcareous soils of the Horticulture Research Station at Nubaria region during 2010 and 2011 summer seasons. The objectives of this research were to study the effect of two irrigation rates and five soil amendments treatments on cantaloupe yield, yield components, and quality as well as amounts of applied irrigation water and water use efficiency. The treatments were assessed in a split plot design with three replicates, where the tested irrigation rates e.g. 100 and 80% ETc were represented in the main plots, while and the five soil amendment treatments (control without any soil amendments, organic matter (20 m3fed-1), organic matter + polymer (0.1% on mass basis) +, organic matter + organic matter+ taflah (0.2% on mass basis) and organic matter+ polymer + taflah +) were allocated to the subplots. The obtained results showed that:1- The growth parameters e.g. number of branches 98-1 and branch length were significantly affected by the adopted irrigation rates and soil amendment treatments. Irrigation regime 100% ETc exhibited the highest values for both growth traits, comparable with 80% ETc regime. The soil amendment treatments (OM +Tafla) and (OM + Tafla+ Polymer) resulted in the higher figures of Number of branches plant-1 in first and second seasons, respectively. Branch length trait was the highest with (OM + T + P) soil conditioner treatment in the first and second seasons.2- Average number of fruits plant-1 was increased with 80% ETc regime in the first and second seasons compared with 100% ETc regime. Average Fruit weight plant-1 exhibited different trend, where the values were increased under100% ETc regime, in the first and second seasons, comparing with 80% ETc regime. The soil amendment treatment (OM +Tafla+ Polymer) attained the highest figures of number of fruits plant-1 and fruit weight plant-1, in first and second seasons.3-Irrigation regime (80% ETc) insignificantly increased total fresh yield of cantaloupe crop, comparable with 100% ETc in the first and second seasons. The adopted soil amendment treatments revealed significant influence to affect total fresh yield of cantaloupe, and (OM + Tafla+ Polymer) resulted in the highest figures reached to 16.36 and 14.77 t/fed, respectively, in the first and second seasons.4- The TSS exhibited a reversed response with the assessed irrigation rates, and increased with lower irrigation rate and vice versa and such trend was true in the first and second seasons. The highest figurers of TSS were recorded with (OM + Tafla) treatment, in the first and second seasons.5- Applied Irrigation Water during 2007 and 2008 seasons were 1342 and 1074 m3/fed for 100% and 80% ETc regimes, respectively, and the peak of applied water was during fruit formation stage (July). Water use efficiency (WUE) values were increased with 80% ETc regime, comparable with 100% ETc regime. The soil amendment treatment (OM+ Tafla+ Polymer) was superior to improve WUE for cantaloupe in comparison with the others soil amendment treatments.6-Based on the obtained results, it is advisable to irrigate cantaloupe crop with amount of water equals to 80% ETc and supplying the soil conditioner composed of (tafla + organic matter + polymer) to attain the highest fruit yield, growth parameters, yield components, fruit quality, as well as improved water productivity of cantaloupe crop under the circumstances of the present research work.
Cantaloupe growth
yield
yield attributes
quality. Irrigation regime
Soil amendments
water use efficiency
2016
12
01
887
893
https://jssae.journals.ekb.eg/article_40537_5f2715940bc3afd1b4adae87e66d7e45.pdf
Journal of Soil Sciences and Agricultural Engineering
2090-3685
2090-3685
2016
7
12
Yellow Maize Crop Response to Potassium and Boron Fertilization under Upper Egypt Conditions.
A.
Attia
R.
El-Dissoky
Potassium (K) and boron (B) are essential nutrients for plant growth, yield and quality, for their roles as enzymes activities and for sugars and carbohydrate transport as well as the synergetic relationship between them. In addition, plants that are large consumers of K require B levels greater than 20 ppm in the tissue to accomplish this. Also, to achieve or maintain maximal maize yields, supplemental K and B fertilization is often required, particularly on soils testing low for native available soil K and B. So, two field experiments were carried out during the two successive summer growing seasons of 2015 and 2016 at Kom Ombo Agriculture Research Station, Aswan Governorate (Latitude 24° 47' 21.40" N, Longitude 32° 92' 47.5" E), to evaluate the response of maize crop (Zea maize L. c.v yellow single hybrid 168) to K and B fertilization. Treatments were carried out in a split plot design with three replicates; the main plots were assigned for 6 rates of K fertilizer: K1 (control: without K fertilization), K2 (24 kg K2O fed-1), K3 (36 kg K2O fed-1), K4 (48 kg K2O fed-1), K5 (foliar applied 2% K2O) and K6 (24 kg K2O fed-1+ foliar applied 2% K2O), and the split plots were devoted to three treatments of foliar applied B (B0: without B, B1: 25 mg B L-1 and B2: 50 mg B L-1). Results demonstrated the importance of potassium and boron fertilization for maize crop yield and its quality under the present conditions. Results showed that addition of K fertilizer rates as soil and/or foliar with boron increased maize grain yield, its components and quality. N, P, K and B concentrations and uptake in both stalk and grain were also significantly increased. Yet, interactions among K fertilization rates and foliar applied B significantly increased grain and stalk yields as well as grain contents of carbohydrate and oil. The highest grain and stalk yields (3700 and 5369 kg fed-1, respectively) were recorded by the interaction of K4×B2 without significant differences between it and the yields recorded by the interactions of K3×B2 or K6×B2. N, P, K and B concentrations or uptake in grain and stalk increased with interaction between K and B, but these increases were only significant for K and B. On the other hand, economic evaluation of the studied treatments illustrated that the treatments of K6 (24 kg K2O fed-1+foliar applied 2% K2O) and K3 (36 kg K2O fed-1) with foliar applied 50 mg B L-1 were the most profitable since they achieved the optimum maize grain yield under this study conditions.
potassium
Boron
maize yield
quality and Aswan Governorate
2016
12
01
895
902
https://jssae.journals.ekb.eg/article_40538_67f9c0f3b9d9a3357f3e29055d75af2d.pdf
Journal of Soil Sciences and Agricultural Engineering
2090-3685
2090-3685
2016
7
12
Fertilizer Requiremints of Onion Crop
Kh.
El-Hamdi
M.
Omar
M.
Algeat
A pot experiments was carried out during 2015 and 2016 winter season, outdoor at the Agricultural Experimental Station , Fac . Agric. Mansoura .University to determine the requirements of onion crops Onion (Allium cepa L, c.v red byhyre) from nitrogen fertilizers in combined with phosphatic and potash fertilizers . The obtained data revealed htat both fresh and dry weigts of onion plants inereased markedly due to the application of 50 kg N, 50 kg P2O5 and 100 kg K2O.fed-1. The plant heigh values tended to increase also according to the sametrend. The effect of fertilization on N,P and K .uptake by the dry matter of onion plants was also discussed.
Oninon
N
P and K fertilization
plant growth
nutrient uptake
2016
12
01
903
906
https://jssae.journals.ekb.eg/article_40542_2efd7ef059e4ede1d024bddfd4da81e6.pdf
Journal of Soil Sciences and Agricultural Engineering
2090-3685
2090-3685
2016
7
12
New Preparation, Characterization and Application for Coated Urea using Aswan Red Clay
S.
Farahat
G.
Taha
E.
Elnggar
M.
AL Molakab
To enhance the effectiveness of urea fertilizers, a new coated slow-release fertilizer was developed using Aswan Red Clay (ARC) and a binder material called chitosan a biodegradable polymer was used to improve the property of urea. Characterizations of slow release of the urea granules were made using Scanning Electron Microscopy technique and energy dispersive X-ray analysis. Refractive Index method used for determine the rate of releasing. Ammonia volatilization was estimated by using the forced-draft technique. The static release experiment showed that the urea coated by Aswan Red Clay (ARCCU) gave a release of 9.78% at the first day and 95.36 at 24 day, in the same condition. The results of ammonia that volatized during 6 weeks showed that the total losses of ammonia gas for uncoated urea( UCU) and coated urea was 59.54% and 43.33%, respectively which main that the coating of urea is most costly in application.
2016
12
01
907
911
https://jssae.journals.ekb.eg/article_40541_8f6af182f60f7344f7dfba82c5189586.pdf
Journal of Soil Sciences and Agricultural Engineering
2090-3685
2090-3685
2016
7
12
Contribuations of Remote Sencing and Giographic Information Systems in Sustainable Agricultural Development a. Developing Soil Fertility Maps of Farafra Oasis Using Remote Sensing and GIS Techniquesto Manipulate and Produce Fertility Maps
I.
Hegazi
Geographic Information Systems (GIS) constitutes an efficient and versatile tool to manipulate and produce-fertility maps. Status of some soil fertility indicators are importance for sustainable agricultural development. Some macro and micronutrients, salinity and soil organic matter are studied. Soil fertility variables in the study area were assessed using GIS techniques. WhereasArc View GIS system is used to perform the soil fertility maps. One hundred and sixsurface layers samples representative (0-30 cm) in area of Farafra Oasis areinvestigatedto producesoil maps of elements of fertility status. The obtained results from data and fertility maps could be summarized as follows: - Electrical conductivity Percentages were 17.5, 53.8, 19.9 and 8.8 % represented low, medium, high and very high amounts respectively, electrical conductivity values ranged from 1.3 to 89.4 dSm-1.- All the studied surface layers are considered low level for organic matter content, Pand Zn.- Total inorganic nitrogen (TIN) were 75 and 25 % represented low and medium classes respectively, and values ranged from 9 to 375µg g-1.- Levels of K were 60 and40 %, represented low and medium classesrespectively.- Available B content in the studied soil profiles range from 0.5 to 22.5µg g-1with an average 3.1-µg g-1.- Available Fe percentages were 3.7, 62.6 and 33.7% represented low, marginal and sufficient values, respectively.- About 100 % of Zn total area represent 3493.2faddan is considered high level. - The critical values of the surface layers reached to 25 % Cu. - The statistical analysis of the simple correlation coefficients between macro-micronutrients and some propertied of soils.
Soil fertility
GIS
micronutrients and Farafra Oasis
2016
12
01
913
919
https://jssae.journals.ekb.eg/article_40535_1f2d86f9b8301ad92a7df25d1e3a2819.pdf
Journal of Soil Sciences and Agricultural Engineering
2090-3685
2090-3685
2016
7
12
Fabricated Prototype of Raised-Bed Planter for Wheat
M.
Awad
A bed-former-planter has been fabricated in order to overcome the shortage of appropriate machinery to practice the raised-bed technology for wheat sowing in Egypt. The fabricated planter consists of a frame, seed hoppers, precision metering device, bed former, and power transmission system. It is mounted machine, that supplied it’s draft requirement from a tractor while; the drive to seed metering mechanism is transmitted from ground drive wheel through chain and sprockets. The fabricated planter is capable to perform two wheat sowing modes, namely: - sowing seeds on pre-established broad beds, and sowing seeds while simultaneously establishing beds. The performance of fabricated planter was tested under the following variables: Average of four travel speeds (0.76, 1.08, 1.21 and 1.46 m/s); three-disc cells capacities (6, 8, and 10 seeds per cell); and the two available wheat sowing modes. The evaluation of the fabricated planter was investigated by taking into consideration the machine mechanical performance, and the wheat growth aspects. The mechanical performance was evaluated in terms of machine power requirements, specific energy consumption, and machinery cost. while, the wheat growth aspects were evaluated in terms of the seed hills number, germination ratio and grain yields (ton/fed). The data evaluated the fabricated planter performances, revealed, that the best planting performance was accomplished using forward travel speed of 1.21m/s, and metering cell capacity of (8 seeds). Whereas, under these operating conditions lower energy consumption of 3.01 KW.h /fed, higher grain yield of 2.9 (ton/fed), machinery cost of 59 LE/fed and higher germination ratio of 97.78% % were achieved compared to the other investigated operational parameters.
2016
12
01
921
927
https://jssae.journals.ekb.eg/article_40547_a76be6029a9d1a9acc8087b4bfb33f2a.pdf
Journal of Soil Sciences and Agricultural Engineering
2090-3685
2090-3685
2016
7
12
A Spiral Rotor Tiller for Tillage Heavy and Dry Clay Soil
O.
Fouda
This trial is to use an innovative spiral rotor tiller for tillage heavy and dry clay soil texture. Efficiency of cutting and loosening soil layer indices soil pulverization, tillage profile, specific resistance (N/m2) of spiral rotor share and power requirements (kW) are identified to evaluate the performance of spiral rotor tiller. The studied variables are four setting angles with direction line of zero, 25°, 50° and 75°, three tilling angles of 25°, 30°, and 35° and four forward speeds of 1.0, 1.5, 2.0, and 2.5 km/h in heavy and dry clay soil. The results related that increasing setting angle from 0° to 75° the MWD decreased by about 48%, and also both of the specific resistance of thespiral rotor share and power requirement decreased by 45.8 and 39.8% respectively, while the tillage width increased by about 50% at forward speed 1.5 km/h and tilling angle 25°.
Spiral rotor share
tillage
fineness degree
heavy clay soil
soil pulverization
tillage profile
specific resistance
2016
12
01
929
936
https://jssae.journals.ekb.eg/article_40551_0456f07470d9dfd04f4c1f0079a7f91c.pdf
Journal of Soil Sciences and Agricultural Engineering
2090-3685
2090-3685
2016
7
12
Effect of Applying Some Soil Amendments and Distance between Drains on Quality and Productivity of Soybean Grown under Saline Conditions
M.
Mahrous
Seham
Abd El-Azeem
Marwa
Ahmed
In summer seasons of 2015 and 2016, two field experiments were conducted at Gilbana village, east of Suez Canal, North Sinai Governorate, Egypt, to evaluate the effect of spacing between drains in open drain system and some soil amendments i.e, gypsum, compost and sulphur on some soil properties and soybean (Glycine max L. c.v Giza 35) quality and productivity under saline soil conditions.- Soil pH and soil EC slightly decreased due to the applied amendments and decreasing the space between drains from 15m to 10m.- Available macro and micronutrients under study increased due to the applied amendments under the different spaces between drains.- Proliene content significantly increased as affected by the space between drains in the following decreasing order: 15m > 12m > 10m while, addition of amendments significantly decreased proliene accumulation in the following sequence: gypsum > compost > sulphur.- Seed quality improved due to the applied amendments and decreasing the space between drains. The highest seed oil content and oil yield were obtained due to sulphur addition under 10m distance between drains while the highest protein content and protein yield were found owing to compost addition under 10m distance between drains.- Seed and pod yields as well as N, P, K, Fe, Mn and Zn uptake increased due to appling the amendments and decreasing the space between drains, however, the highest values for the seed and pod yields as well as the above-mentioned nutrients were achieved due to applying the compost and decreasing the distance between drains to 10m i.e. the treatment of compost + 10m distance between drains was superior to the other treatments. Thus, it can be recommended to plant soybean, Giza 35 under saline soil conditions after doing preliminary operations before planting and use of bio-inoculation for seeds and the use of some amendments especially compost with reducing distance between drains to 10m to counteract the salinity problem of soil. on one hand and to avoid overuse of the chemical fertilizers to minimize the potential environmental risks, which negatively affect human health on the other hand.
Bio inoculation
drains
Soybean
saline soil
Soil amendments
2016
12
01
937
946
https://jssae.journals.ekb.eg/article_40544_99146eb7e2739458a0962cba4b8334a6.pdf
Journal of Soil Sciences and Agricultural Engineering
2090-3685
2090-3685
2016
7
12
Potassium Forms of EL-Dakhla Oasis Soils, New Valley Governorate, Egypt
M.
Awad
M.
El-Desoky
Nadia
Roshdi
M.
Tantawy
Thirty surface and subsurface soil samples were collected from 15 sites of El- Dakhla soils, Egypt to study the status of soil potassium forms and their relationship with the physical and chemical properties of these soils. The results indicated that the investigated soil samples showed a wide variation in soil potassium forms. This variation depended upon clay, silt and sand contents as well as soil properties. The soluble K form values ranged from 4.7 to 1332 mg/kg and the exchangeable K form differed from 5.37 to 1368.80 mg/kg. However, the non-exchangeable K form varied from 0.3 to 4.2 g/kg and the total K varied from 2.3 to 19.89 g/kg. The residual K extended from 0.9 to 17.4 g/kg. Generally, about 16.66 % of studied samples were very low in the exchangeable K form. The samples which had a moderate exchangeable K content represented 13.33% of the investigated samples. Also, about 20% of these samples were high in their content of exchangeable K. The very high exchangeable K content represented 40% of the investigated samples. The ECe value had no respectable effects on the soluble K form but, a slight effect was observed in the other K forms. This effect increased in the residual K form. The OM content more than 1% had no remarkable effects on the soluble or exchangeable K forms. However, a clear effect was observed on the residual K form. Generally, all potassium forms had highly significant positive correlations with each other and with organic matter and pH. Also, all forms except the soluble K form showed highly significant negative correlations with calcium carbonates and sand content.
soluble K
exchangeable K
non-exchangeable total K
El-Dakhla Oasis
2016
12
01
947
954
https://jssae.journals.ekb.eg/article_40558_eb2c97cab038fd01baee9689e6bb90b2.pdf
Journal of Soil Sciences and Agricultural Engineering
2090-3685
2090-3685
2016
7
12
Effect of Different Leveling Methodes on Roughness Condition of Soil Surface
M.
Abo-Habaga
E.
Elsamra
A.
EL-Sheshny
The main objective of this research is to determine the most appropriate ways of land leveling methods, which is working to reduce the resistance to water flow and the impact on irrigation efficiencies. Three different treatment methods and two experiments were carried out in Gemiza, El-Gharbia government,(clayley soil) during two successive agricultural seasons of winter (wheat) 2014/2015, and summer (corn) 2015. The study showed the decrease of coefficient of water resistance, and water applied with laser land leveling comparing hydraulic scraper, and rotary tiller. The percentage of decrease of coefficient of water resistance were ( 54%, and 79%), (79%, and 92%) and (56%, 86%) at Manning’s roughness coefficient(n), chezy’s roughness coefficient(C), and Darcy-Weisbach roughness coefficient,(√ʄ ) respectively at hydraulic scraper, and rotary tiller at first season. The percentage of decrease at water applied was (20%, and 22%) with laser land leveling comparing hydraulic scraper, and rotary tiller at first season. The percentage of decrease of coefficient of water resistance at second season were (51.75%, and 67.61%), (51.76%, and 93.4%) and (51.75%, and47.15%) at Manning’s roughness coefficient(n), chezy’s roughness coefficient(C), and Darcy-Weisbach roughness coefficient,(√ʄ ) respectively at hydraulic scraper, and rotary tiller. The percentage of decrease at water applied was (17.97%, and 19.99%) with laser land leveling comparing hydraulic scraper, and rotary tiller at second season. The study showed the increase of irrigation efficiencies with laser land leveling comparing hydraulic scraper, and rotary tiller. The percentage of increase of irrigation efficiencies were (15.44%, and 20.61%), (4.83%, and 7.81%), (1.4%, and 3.36%) and (36.95%, and 62.99%) at application efficiency, distribution efficiency, low-quarter efficiency, and water productivity at hydraulic scraper, and rotary tiller at first season. The percentage of increase of irrigation efficiencies were (23.24%, and 22.23%), (1.23%, and 4.68%), (11.17%, and 3.06%) and (43.75%, and 45.26%) at application efficiency, distribution efficiency, low-quarter efficiency, and water productivity at hydraulic scraper, and rotary tiller at second season.
2016
12
01
955
959
https://jssae.journals.ekb.eg/article_40555_b8f0964802e75d8d91c294b74f138a7b.pdf
Journal of Soil Sciences and Agricultural Engineering
2090-3685
2090-3685
2016
7
12
Whole Body Vibration Exposure During Operation of Rice Combine Harvester under Egyptian Field Conditions
A.
Hamed
The main target of this investigation is to study the effect of different working conditions during rice harvesting on the combine harvester operators WBV exposure under actual Egyptian field conditions. Data were measured and collected for four types of rice combine harvester and three methods of planting; manual transplanting, mechanical transplanting and direct sowing. Sixteen representative healthy rice combine harvester operators were selected for this study. Parameters of frequency-weighted vibration acceleration in root mean square (RMS), vibration dose value of weighted r.m.s acceleration, (VDV(8)kZ), heart pulses rate (HR), blood pressure (BP), work related body pain (WRBP), stand height and weight of operators were evaluated. Vibration measurements were performed according to (ISO 2631-1: 1997). Field experiments were conducted in a statistically designed layout (completely randomized design) and were conducted at the applied research farm of RiceMechanizationCenter, Meet Eldeba, Kafr El-Sheikh governorate and other farms beside, in the 2016 grown seasons of rice crop. The obtained results indicated that the yanmer combine harvester used for the field planted by manual transplanting at soil moisture content of 20.38 % recorded the highest WBV data of the vibration dose value of weighted r.m.s acceleration, VDV(8)kZ magnitude, while the largest single orthogonal axis is in the axis (Z) which exceeded both of exposure action and exposure limit values. This causes a high risk on the operator body which increases the heart rate and blood pressure, followed by the Daedong combine harvester for the field planted by manual transplanting at soil moisture content of 20.42 %. On the other hand, the WBV parameters recorded the lowest values for Claas combine harvester used in the field planted by direct sowing at soil moisture content of 20.67 %., consequently there is no risk on the operator and also the heart rate and blood pressure. Using rubber spring during rice harvesting by yanmer combine harvester results in a decrement percentages in the WBV values and so heart rate and blood pressure. The maximum WRBP values were obtained during harvesting rice by yanmer combine harvester for the field planted by manual transplanting, followed by harvesting rice by Daedong combine harvester for the field planted by manual transplanting and harvesting rice by Class combine harvester for the field planted by direct sowing the recorded WRBP values were 13.1, 12.4 and 6.6 (Borg scale CR—10 scale.) respectively. Results showed that there are significant differences between the frequency-weighted RMS acceleration, vibration dose value of weighted r.m.s acceleration, VDV(8)kZ, heart rate and blood pressure during studied different farm operations.
Rice combine harvester
whole body vibration (WBV)
Body mass index (BMI)
heart pulses rate (HR)
Blood Pressure (BP)
work related body pain (WRBP)
suspension seats
springs
2016
12
01
961
971
https://jssae.journals.ekb.eg/article_40546_8a7e91e055e5a5c82af6760ce3fdb193.pdf
Journal of Soil Sciences and Agricultural Engineering
2090-3685
2090-3685
2016
7
12
Factors Affecting Mechanical Coating of Fennel Seeds
M.
EL-Attar
M.
Ebaid
A.
AL-Gezawe
Fatma
Abd El Gawad
The aim of this research is to study the factors affecting a mechanical coating of fennel seeds. These factors are coating speed, temperature and time, and seed batch. The main results in this study were: The maximum fennel-seed germinations of 55.9, 61.2 and 42.9 % were obtained by using coating-unit speed of 28 rpm, coating time of 15 minute, coating temperature of 30 Co and coating with “Fe + Zn”, “Fe + Zn + Cersan” and clay respectively. Meanwhile, the minimum fennel-seed germinations of 3.5, 4.5 and 1.5 % were obtained by using coating-unit speed of 36 rpm, coating time of 65 minute, coating temperature of 70 Co and coating with the same constitutions respectively.The maximum machine capacity of coated fennel-seeds of 4.8 kg/h was obtained using seeds-batch mass of 2.5 kg and coating-unit speed of 36 rpm. Meanwhile, the minimum machine capacity of coated fennel-seeds of 0.65 kg/h was obtained using seeds-batch mass of 0.5 kg and coating-unit speed of 20 rpm.The operation and production costs at optimum parameters (batch mass of 2.5 kg, coating-unit speed of 28 rpm, coating temperature of 30 0C, coating time of 15 minutes and coating with “Fe + Zn + Cersan”) were 10.63 L. E./h and 3037 L.E./ton respectively.
2016
12
01
973
979
https://jssae.journals.ekb.eg/article_40545_15379f87011fdad27e3acd3f21f1be05.pdf
Journal of Soil Sciences and Agricultural Engineering
2090-3685
2090-3685
2016
7
12
A Summary of Water Suitability Criteria for Irrigation
T.
Abou El-Defan
S.
El-Raies
H.
El-Kholy
A.
Osman
This scientific article aims to summarize the most important measurements of the quality of water for use in irrigation of various crops. The goal is to help professionals and researchers in the soil, water and environment field in the selection of appropriate alternatives to face potential problems that may occur because the use of low quality water in irrigation, which may adversely affect the characteristics of the soil and thus reduce productivity and quality of crops cultivated .The most important measurements, which are summarized in this article includes measurements of salinity risk, measurements the risks of both of soil sodicity and alkalinity ,soil permeability for water quality and the specific hazards of some toxic ions .
2016
12
01
981
989
https://jssae.journals.ekb.eg/article_40540_8c8384838ba3a94241d807cfe70cf7a6.pdf