2024-03-29T07:13:33Z
https://jssae.journals.ekb.eg/?_action=export&rf=summon&issue=8148
Journal of Soil Sciences and Agricultural Engineering
2090-3685
2090-3685
2012
3
1
EVALUATION OF PHOSPHORUS FERTILIZATION AND FOLIAR APPLICATION OF ZINC SOURCES ON GROWTH AND NUTRIENTS UPTAKE OF SQUASH PLANTS
S. S.
Shawer
A. H.
Rizk
A felid experiment was carried out in three replicates during summer season of 2010 to evaluate the effect of phosphorus rates(0,20 and 30 kg fad-1.) and foliar application of zinc resources (ZnSO4, Zn EDTA, ZnCl2 and Zn(NH4)PO4) at 10 mg zinc l-1on plant growth, fruits and some nutrient contents and uptake by squash plants.
Results showed that, the dry matter yield (shoots and leaves),physical fruit quality (length and diameter cm) and fruit yield (fresh and dry weight g. plant) were significantly increased by application of phosphorus rates and foliar spraying of zinc sources at all treatments, compared with the control; the highest values of the previous parameter were recorded with Zn ammonium phosphate followed by Zn EDTA more than ZnSO4 and ZnCl2, compared with the control. Also, the best values of protein% and some nutrient contents and uptake were significantly increased due to the application of phosphorous rates and zinc sources at all treatments, compared with the control.
Generally, from these results it can be concluded that the foliar application of phosphorus rate and foliar spraying of zinc sources improved all growth characteristics and nutrients uptake of squash plant.
Phosphorus rates
source of zinc
nutrients uptake and plant growth
2012
01
01
53
62
https://jssae.journals.ekb.eg/article_53315_5b4f737418a785e56128697a7cd5e2f2.pdf
Journal of Soil Sciences and Agricultural Engineering
2090-3685
2090-3685
2012
3
1
INFLUENCE OF WATER TABLE FLUCTUATION IN THE TAIL OF DRAINS AND IRRIGATION CANALS ON CHEMICAL AND PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF SOIL IN THE NORTH NILE DELTA REGION
M. E.
Abo Waly
S. A.
Gaheen
A. A. S.
Gendy
M. K.
El-Ghanam
The objectives of the present study were to determine the fluctuation effect of water table level in tail ends of drains and irrigation canal on chemical and physical properties of the soil in North Nile Delta region. Six soil profiles from Kafr El-Sheikh were excavated at each location in two lines under investigation. The studied area is located between EL-Gharbia main drain and Nashart drain, since it was started from Kafr El-Sheikh towards the Mediterranean Sea in the north for the first line. Three locations were chosen on Nashart drain at a distance of 5, 10 and 20 km from Burullus Lake towards Sedi-Salim district. The second line of study was EL-Gharbia main drain. Three locations were selected on a distance of 5, 20 and 30 km from the sea towards Kafr- El-Sheikh city.
Three observation wells at 10, 50 and 100 meters distance for each profile were installed and the fluctuation of water table depths were recorded, table fluctuation of water were recorded.
The obtained results illustrated that the values of hydraulic conductivity increased with increasing depth of water table level. Also, data revealed that the values of hydraulic conductivity decreased with decreasing the distance from the sea and increased with increasing the distance from the drain. Data showed that the fine clay content (<1μ) increases in the 30-90 cm layer, while in shallow water table profiles the aggregation parameters were decreased due to fluctuation of water table level.
The values of electrical conductivity, SAR, ESP, pH, soluble cations, anions and total calcium carbonate in the studied soil, were increased gradually towards the tail of the drains and water irrigation canals due to reuse of drainage water and the intrusion of sea water with groundwater. Cation exchange capacity (CEC) decreased gradually towards the tail of drains and irrigation canals, and increased with increasing water table depth.
These results declared that the values of organic matter increased when the distance was far from the tail ends of drains and irrigation canals and decreased with shallow water table profiles, while the values of NPK increased with increasing the distance from BurullsLake due to increasing of groundwater salinity.
BurullsLake
Nashart drain
intrusion
Fluctuation
2012
01
01
111
124
https://jssae.journals.ekb.eg/article_53316_f740a48ddc3fb15e0ad261a93974147f.pdf
Journal of Soil Sciences and Agricultural Engineering
2090-3685
2090-3685
2012
3
1
MODIFY A SMALL MACHINE FOR FLAX THRESHING AND CLEANING SEEDS
Y. A.
El-Fawal
Nahed K.
Ismail
M. A.
Attar
Flax threshing and cleaning prototype was identified upon the mechanical and aerodynamic separation cleaning theories. The aim of this study is develop a small prototype machine for threshing and cleaning a manual feeding of flax capsules. The performance of the manufacture prototype was test at four peripheral tooth cylinder speeds of 0.40, 0.44, 0.48 and 0.51 m/s; cylinder concave clearance of 2, 4, 6 and 8 mm and air velocity of 1.5, 2.5, 3.5 and 4.5 m/s at recommended seed moisture content of about 14 % d.b. The performance of the modified machine was determined by threshing efficiency, un-threshing capsules, seed damage (visible and invisible), seed losses, seed cleanliness, total seed losses and seed germination ratio. The results showed that the suitable drum speed, concave clearance and air velocity are 0.44 m/s, 2 mm and 4.5 m/s respectively to obtain the best threshing efficiency of 98.45%, seed cleanliness of 92.3% and germination ratio of 91%. Then the modified machine can be used to threshing and cleaning the flax and it can applied the modified machine specifications on the large scale machines.
2012
01
01
125
135
https://jssae.journals.ekb.eg/article_53317_526e9908cffbcb6cf41e6a748529b6fe.pdf
Journal of Soil Sciences and Agricultural Engineering
2090-3685
2090-3685
2012
3
1
RESPONSE SURFACE METHODS TO MAXIMIZE THE PICKUP MACHINE PERFORMANCE
Z. E.
Ismail
Response surface methods (RSM) provide statistical tools for design and analysis of experiments aimed to optimize the process performance of pickup machine. At the final stages of process development, RSM illuminates the sweet spot where the high pick-up machine of in-specification parameters can be achieved at the lowest possible operation. The main objective of the present study has been concerned with a particular problem, associated with the pickup drum of the balers. That aim was seem to be achieved through developing a new design for the pickup drum, which its idea depend on using the picker chains and claw elevator chains instead of using the usual tines in the currently balers in the minister of the agriculture. This investigation carried out to study the effect of the engineering parameters of the four rotation speeds for the double job units (pickup plus elevating straw) for the proposed design, three of chassis tilt angles, three of straw feed rates and three levels of straw holder heights on the straw elevated efficiency and loss percentage for the proposed design. Also evaluate the machine performance by determining the machine field capacity and productivity. The results indicated that the best value of straw elevated quantity was 7.075 kg/min, which obtained at 102 rpm rotation speed of the combined units and straw feed rate 4 kg/min. For increasing the straw holder's heights from 0 to 2 cm increases the field capacity from 0.058 fed/h to 0.086 fed/h at decreasing the chassis tilt angles from 36 to 28 degree. Also increasing the straw holder's heights from 2 to 4 cm increases the field capacity from 0.06 to 0.096 fed/h at increasing tilt angles from 28 and 36 degree.
2012
01
01
137
149
https://jssae.journals.ekb.eg/article_53318_a320f79fac1ed90ea408838012b1f318.pdf
Journal of Soil Sciences and Agricultural Engineering
2090-3685
2090-3685
2012
3
1
MAXIMIZING WATER AND N FERTILIZER USE EFFICIENCIES UNDER MAIZE CROP AT NORTH DELTA
H. A.
Sonbol
Z. M.
El-Sirafy
E. A. E.
Gazia
H. A.
Shams El-Din
Sahar H.
Rashed
Field experiment was conducted at Sakha Agricultural Research Station farm, Kafr El-Sheikh Governorate during the summer season of 2008, maize (zea mays) plants (variety mono parid 10) was cultivated. N-mineral fertilizer was applied as urea (46%).Split plot design was used; main plots were irrigation treatments namely: Surface irrigation (I1), Semiportable sprinkler: (I2), Minisprinkler (I3), Floppy sprinkler (I4), Surface drip (I5) and Subsurface drip (I6). Sub plots were nitrogen fertilization treatments namely: 100 % soil application (N1), 100 % fertigation (N2), 75 % fertigation + 25% soil application (N3), 50 % fertigation + 50% soil application (N4) and 25 % fertigation + 75% soil application (N5). The main résults could be sammarized as follows:
The lowest value of water applied under maize crop (48.06 cm) was achieved under subsurface drip system. and the highest value (63.03 cm) was recorded under surface irrigation system. While, the highest amounts of water stored under maize roots zone (49.08 cm) was obtained under floppy sprinkler system, and the lowest amount (45.31 cm) was found under subsurface drip system. The highest value of water consumptive use by maize crop was recorded under surface irrigation system (53.89 cm), and the lowest value was detected under subsurface drip system (38.17 cm). The most extracting portion of soil moisture by plant roots occurs in the upper 15 cm. The maximum value of water application efficiency (94.27%) was obtained from subsurface drip system, and the minimum (76.59%) was obtained from surface irrigation. The highest values of FWUE under maize crop (1.18 kg m-3) was achieved under surface drip system. and the lowest value (0.79 kg/m3) was recorded with semiportable sprinkler system The highest value of CWUE to maize crop (1.56 kg m-3) was achieved under surface irrigation system., and the lowest value (0.97 kg m-3) was recorded under semiportable sprinkler system. The longest plants were recorded with I1 system, and the shortest plants were obtained with I6 system. The longest plants (159.66 cm) were recorded with N1 (surface irrigation), and the shortest plants (148.66 cm) were obtained under N5 (subsurface irrigation system).Treatment I5 obtained the highest value of leaf area (806.53 cm2) and I6 produced the lowest value (597.38 cm2). Nitrogen application rate had significant effect on leaf area. The highest nitrogen application rate (N1) recorded 712.85 cm2, while the lowest nitrogen fertilizer application rate (N5) recorded 683.26 cm2(LA).
The longest ear length (22.5 cm) was recorded from I1 and the shortest ear length (11.58 cm) was recorded with (I6). The effect of nitrogen fertilizer application rates, N1 gave the longest ear length (19.09 cm) compared with the shortest ear length recorded with N5 (17.58 cm).The interaction between irrigation systems and nitrogen application rates was highly significant effect on ear length.
There was high significant effect of irrigation systems on ear diameter. I1 gave the highest ear diameter (9.4 cm). The lowest ear diameter was obtained by I6 (5.92 cm). Ear diameter was highly significantly affected by changing the nitrogen fertilizer application rate. The highest ear diameter (8.35 cm) was recorded by using N1 and the lowest and (7.23 cm) was recorded by using N5 . Where I1 gave the highest weight of 100 grain (50.18 g) as compared with (I6) (34.12 g). N1 gave the highest grain yield (2347.11 kg fed-1). The lowest grain yield was recorded under N5 (2053.83 kg fed -1). Concerning the interaction effect between irrigation system and nitrogen application rate on grain and straw yield it was high significant.
The highest grain yield (2625.5 kg fed-1) was recorded from I1 while the lowest grain yield (1865 kg fed-1) was recorded with I2.
The highest values of N use efficiency to maize grain (20.21), was recorded with I1. and the lowest values (13.87 kg/N unit) was achieved under I2. Concerning the N-recovery (%) of maize grain yield, the highest value of N-recovery to maize grain (30.79%) is achieved with I5 and the lowest value (19.19 %) was recorded under I2. N-use efficiency and N-recovery % attributed to N2 is higher than the same obtained by N1. The highest values of N-use efficiency were obtained by I6 N2 (21.78 kg/N) and the lowest one was detected under I6 N1 (10.35 kg/N unit).
Data indicated that N-recovery increased with increasing N level. The highest value of N-recovery % was found under I5 and N2 (35.40% grain and 18.16% straw), whereas, the lowest one was found under I2 and N1 (13 % grain and 10.49% straw)
2012
01
01
27
39
https://jssae.journals.ekb.eg/article_53319_e8870470df80e5dd400a7ad9d6f45c50.pdf
Journal of Soil Sciences and Agricultural Engineering
2090-3685
2090-3685
2012
3
1
EFFECT OF IRRIGATION INTERVALS, PHOSPHORUS LEVELS AND ANTIOXIDANTS OF FOLIAR ASCORBIC AND CITRIC ACID (ASCOBIN) APPLICATION ON MAIZE AND WHEAT CROPS AND SOME SOIL PROPERTIES
E. I.
El-Maddah
M. El-D.
El-Sodany
A. A.
Mahmoud
Field experiments were carried out on clay soil at El-Gemmeiza Agricultural Research Station, El-Gharbia Governorate, during two consecutive growing seasons, summer season 2010 and winter season 2010/2011.
The experiment was designed using a randomized complete block design as split-split plot with three replicates to study the effect of three irrigation intervals with phosphorus application to soil and foliar spray of ascobin (ascorbic and citric acids) to plants on growth and yield of maize, wheat crops and some soil properties. Furthermore economical analysis was done by calculating the net income for every treatment.
The obtained results could be summarized as follows:-
1- Increasing irrigation intervals significantly increased values of soil bulk density and water use efficiency, while total soil porosity, hydraulic conductivity, soil moisture content just before harvesting and water consumption take the opposite direction during the two growing seasons.
2- Decreasing irrigation intervals significantly decreased soil pH, electrical conductivity (EC), soluble cations and anions, total soluble salts (TSS) and sodium adsorption ratio (SAR) and significantly increased available nutrients N, P, K, Fe, Mn, Zn and Cu in the soil.
3- Increasing phosphorus applications rate significantly increased water consumption, water use efficiency, yield and its components, electrical conductivity (EC), availability of macro and micronutrients of the soil and its concentrations and uptake in grains in both seasons.
4- Foliar application of ascobin significantly increased water consumption, water use efficiency, concentrations and uptake of macro and micronutrients N, P, K, Fe, Mn, Zn and Cu of maize and wheat grains and yield and its components. While foliar application with ascobin had no effects on soil physical or chemical properties.
5- Cost benefit analysis revealed that the most valuable combination is irrigation every two weeks in the first season (maize plants) and every four weeks in the second one (wheat plants) at 100% of the recommended dose of phosphorus in both seasons with ascobin foliar application.
Irrigation intervals
phosphorus levels and antioxidants foliar (ascorbic and citric acid)
2012
01
01
63
93
https://jssae.journals.ekb.eg/article_53321_fe9c49aa24b4c2ab6753ade7dfde589b.pdf
Journal of Soil Sciences and Agricultural Engineering
2090-3685
2090-3685
2012
3
1
IRRADIATION OF BANANA FRUITS TO SAFE STORAGE USING GAMMA RADIATION
A. A.
Abd El-Rahmam
The aim of this study was using chemical and irradiation processing of banana fruit, to increase the storage period. The chemical treatment (Topsen 70% WP) with rate of 80g/100 liter water, then fruit soaked in the solution about for 10 minutes. Even as, irradiation treatments were used four doses as 2.1, 4.2, 6.3 and 8.4 krad, at Laboratory of Irradiation Middle Eastern Regional Radioisotopes Center for the Arab Countries, Dokki, Giza, Egypt. The obtained results were as follows: (1) The fruit decay time was increased in about 48h that is the banana fruit was extended shelf life fruit in 48h using chemical treatment compare in untreated fruits (control). (2) The fruit mass losses were 1.35 and 2.33g for chemical treatment and un-treated fruits. Therefore, the mass losses of chemical treated fruits were reducer in about 0.98g than un-treated fruits (control). (3) The highest fruit decay and mass losses percentages were obtained with irradiation treatments 2.1 krad at cold storage 192h. In the meantime, the lowest fruit decay was recorded 6.3 krad at cold storage 240h. (4) All treatments were effective for increasing shelf-life as compared with an untreated fruit after 240 h of cold storage. An increases fruit shelf life 72, 96, 120 and 120 were observed in irradiation doses of 2.1, 4.2, 6.3 and 8.4 krad compare in fruit chemical treatment, which were 120; 144; 168 and 168h compare in untreated fruits (control).
2012
01
01
17
25
https://jssae.journals.ekb.eg/article_53322_34b419ae5c33043868f095db40f48ec4.pdf
Journal of Soil Sciences and Agricultural Engineering
2090-3685
2090-3685
2012
3
1
EFFECT OF BALANCED FERTILIZER SPLITTING ON NAVEL ORANGE YIELD AND FRUIT QUALITY
A. S. M.
El-Saady
A. A.
El-Abd
Three balanced fertilizer levels, L1 (495g N +101.5 g P+ 400 g K + 50 g S + 2.5 g Mg + micronutrients mixture ) of (300,150,100,50,50 mg kg-1 of Fe, Mn, Zn, Cu, B) ; L2 (990 g N + 203 g P+ 800 g K+ 50 g S+ 5g Mg + the previous micronutrients mixture and L3 (1485 g N+ 304.5g P +1200g K + 50g S+ 7.5g Mg + the previous micronutrients mixture compared to the farmer treatment (495 g N+ 101.5 g P) /tree/ year.Treatments were applied to mature navel orange trees which cultivated under the conditions of Metobas District, Kafr El-Sheikh Governorate, Egypt, during two successive seasons of 2007 - 2008 and 2008 – 2009. Randomized complete block design was used with four replicates (one tree = replicate). The three balanced fertilizer levels were divided into four splitting treatments (3, 6, 9 and 12 doses). The first and second treatments were added one dose / month. The third and fourth treatments were added one dose / 15 days. All treatments started at mid March in both seasons. The obtained results can summarized to:
The balanced fertilizer level (L3) had the highest values of chlorophyll A (89.9 and 94.1 μg/ cm2), chlorophyll B (71.8 and 75.7 μg/cm2), total chlorophyll (161.7 and 169.8 μg / cm2), nitrogen (2.62, and 2.62%), phosphorus (0.054 and0.057%) , potassium (1.67 and 2%), for leaves , fruit set (6.4, and 6.4%), fruit yield (138.2 and 133.5 kg/ tree/ year), soluble solid content (SSC ) (11.5% and 11.8%), acidity (0.98 and 0.97%), vitamin C (V.C) (57.8 and 56.7 mg /100 ml juice), reducing sugars (4.2, and 4.2%) and total sugars (7.4 and 7.3%) in the first and second seasons, respectively. While it had the lowest values for pre-harvest drop fruits (7.1 and 6.6%) in the first and second seasons, respectively. On contrary the lowest values of the mentioned parameters were recorded with the farmer treatment. In respect to fertilizer splitting the highest values of the previous parameters were obtained with the treatments splitted into 6 dosesofbalanced fertilizers.
citrus
balanced fertilizer
splitting
Navel orange
fruit quality
2012
01
01
41
51
https://jssae.journals.ekb.eg/article_53324_6f1abb7ab4ac94bc4841b631178cd7d7.pdf
Journal of Soil Sciences and Agricultural Engineering
2090-3685
2090-3685
2012
3
1
EFFECT OF TILE DRAINAGE AND LASER LAND LEVELING ON SOME SOIL PROPERTIES AND PRODUCTION OF SUGAR BEET AND WHEAT CROPS.
A. S.
Antar
H. A.
Khafagi
I. E.
Nasr El-Din
I. A.
El-Saiad
A field experiment was conducted at North Nile Delta, Kafr El-Shiek Governorate, Egypt, to evaluate the effect of distance from drain line and land leveling on some soil physio-chemical properties, yields and N-uptake for sugar beet and wheat crops. Results indicated that the drop of water table level was faster above the drain than between the drains. Mean values of water table depth were 88, 65 and 52cm for above drain, 1/4 and 1/2 distance from drain line, respectively, under sugar beet plant. The corresponding values under wheat plant were 90, 66 and 55cm. The effect of distance from drain on soil salinity and sodcity are more pronounced in above drain. The reduction of soil salinity above drain were 0.89 and 1.60 dS/m under beet, and were 0.91 and 1.32 dS/m under wheat than 1/4 and 1/2 distance from drain, respectively. The corresponding values of ESP were 1.9 and 2.88 with beet and 2.41 and 3.31 with wheat, respectively. Laser land leveling not realized different for soil salinity and sodcity.
Soil bulk density above the drains was lower than that between drains. Mean values of bulk density under sugar beet were 1.18, 1.25 and 1.29 gcm-3 for above drain, 1/4 and 1/2 distance from drain, respectively. The corresponding values were 1.20, 1.28 and 1.31 gcm-3 under wheat plant. Laser land leveling caused increase of soil bulk density than traditional leveling by 6.06 and 5.79% for beet and wheat, respectively. Infiltration rate and Hydraulic conductivity (K) above the drain line were higher than between drains. Basic IR values were 1.08, 0.91 and 0.77 cm h-1 under beet and 1.18, 0.89 and 0.75 cm h-1 under wheat for above drain, 1/4 and 1/2 distances from drain line, respectively. Laser land leveling led to reduce IR and K. Basic IR values were 0.55 and 0.78 cm h-1 with beet and 0.51 and 0.76 cm h-1 with wheat, for laser and traditional leveling, respectively. Laser land leveling led to decrease K by 1.6 and 1.9 cmday-1 for beet and wheat, respectively.
QDP and SDP were higher above the drain and gradually decreased towards the midway between drains while, FCP were lower near the drains and increased far from the drains. Mean values of QDP, SDP and FCP were 13.16, 14.85 and 19.59%, respectively with above drains. The corresponding values, respectively were 9.93, 11.44 and 27.69% with 1/2 distances from drains. Laser leveling realized decrease for QDP, SDP and WHP and increase in FCP. The mean values of QDP, SDP and WHP were 8.80, 10.20 and 20.00% with laser land leveling and were 10.00, 11.70 and 22.31%, respectively with traditional leveling. FCP under laser leveling were higher than traditional leveling by 11.69%.
Sugar beet and wheat yields were reduced far from drain line than above drain line. The average root yield of beet being 34.01, 32.02 and 31.24 tonfed-1 for above drain line, 1/4 and 1/2 distance from drain line, respectively. The corresponding values of wheat grain yield were 3.00, 2.76 and 2.52 ton fed-1, respectively. Laser land leveling were reduced root of sugar beet yield by 2.51 tonfed-1 compared to traditional leveling. While, laser land leveling were increased wheat grain yield by 16.95 % than traditional leveling. Gross sugar yield were higher above drain line by 0.36 and 0.53 tonfed-1 than 1/4 and 1/2 distances from drain line, respectively. Gross sugar yield was lower with laser land leveling than traditional land leveling by 0.49 ton fed-1. N-uptake by root of beet were higher above drain line by 3.11 and 4.7kgfed-1 than 1/4 and 1/2 distance from drain line, respectively. The corresponding values by grain wheat were 3.79 and 7.51 kgfed-1. N-uptake with laser and traditional land leveling, respectively were 54.35 and 56.64 kg fed-1 in root of beet and 42.99 and 36.83 kg fed-1 in grains of wheat.
drainage
laser land leveling
clay soil
yield
N-uptake
Sugar beet
Wheat
2012
01
01
1
15
https://jssae.journals.ekb.eg/article_53327_d97f9c58dd4f92a0f029f4d11fb883bc.pdf
Journal of Soil Sciences and Agricultural Engineering
2090-3685
2090-3685
2012
3
1
MAIZE PRODUCTION IN EL-NUBARIA SOILS AS AFFECTED BY AGRICULTURAL PRACTICES AND WATER MANAGEMENT.
H. H.
Abbas
O. H. M.
El- Hussiney
T. A.
El-Maghraby
M. M.
Harvey
A Field trial was conducted at El-Nubaria Agricultural Experimental Statio Station of the AgriculturalResearchCenter, A.R.C. to study the effect of some agriculture practices aiming at participating in solving calcareous soil problems related to mechanical and physical parameters and hence increasing crop production. The experimental treatments comprised three treatments namely; three compost addition rates (0, 15 and 30 Mg/fed), two irrigation water depletion levels (50 and 70% of available water) and two plowing depths (15 and 30 cm).
The obtained results show that increasing the application rate of compost, irrigation at 50% depletion from soil available water and plowing at 30 cm depth considerably decreased soil bulk density and soil penetration resistance and on the other hand increased total porosity and hydraulic conductivity as compared with the control.
The correlation and regression analysis indicated highly significant negative relation between maize yield and each of the penetration resistance, and soil bulk density. On the other hand highly significant but positive relation was found between maize yield and each of total porosity and hydraulic conductivity.
Calcareous soil
compost
Irrigation intervals
plowing depth
Bulk density
penetration resistance
Hydraulic Conductivity
Total porosity
maize crop
2012
01
01
95
110
https://jssae.journals.ekb.eg/article_53719_65a3d6097c640b1318c465bc28f56575.pdf