2024-03-28T17:34:38Z
https://jssae.journals.ekb.eg/?_action=export&rf=summon&issue=8493
Journal of Soil Sciences and Agricultural Engineering
2090-3685
2090-3685
2011
2
8
MAXIMIZING WATER AND N FERTILIZER USE EFFICIENCIES UNDER WHEAT CROP AT NORTH DELTA
H. A.
Sonbol
Z. M.
El-Sirafy
E. A. E.
Gazia
H. A.
Shams El-Din
Sahar H.
Rashed
Field experiment was conducted during 2007 cultivation season at Sakha Agricultural Research Station farm, Kafr El-Sheikh Governorate. Split plot design was used; main plots were arranged for irrigation treatments (6 treatments), namely: surface irrigation (I1) floppy sprinkler (I2) , semipertable (I3) , minisprinkler (I4) ,surface drip (I5) and subsurface drip (I6). Sub plots were subjected for nitrogen fertilization treatments (5 levels), namely: 100% soil application (N1), 100% fertigation (N2), 75 % fertigation +25 % soil application (N3), 50% fertigation + 50% soil application (N4) and 25% fertigation + 75% soil application (N5). Results could be summarized as follows:
The lowest value of water applied to wheat (36.59 cm) was achieved under sub surface drip system. On the other side, the highest value of water applied to wheat (57.68 cm) is recorded with surface irrigation system. The highest amount of water stored under wheat crop was 43.68 cm for surface irrigation system and the lowest amount was (33.21 cm) for subsurface drip system. The actual water consumptive use increased with surface irrigation system to the maximum value (43.61 cm). while the minimum value was recorded with subsurface drip system (32.86 cm). The extraction of the soil moisture by wheat roots from the top layer with surface drip irrigation was higher than that with subsurface drip system, the highest irrigation application efficiency (90.75%) was achieved by subsurface drip system compared to the lowest value (74.79%) which obtained with the control (surface irrigation). The highest values of FWUE to wheat (2.05 kgm-3) was recorded with minisprinkler and the lowest (1.39 kgm-3) was achieved under floppy sprinkler system. The highest value of CWUE to wheat (2.30 kgm-3) was resulted from minisprinkler system and the lowest (0.95 kg/m3) was achieved under surface drip system. Subsurface drip system recorded the highest value of (WDE 90%). Also, The lowest value of WDE% (68 %) was recorded with flood irrigation system. Surface irrigation method gave the highest grain and straw yield (3894 and 4117 kg fed -1). The lowest yield was obtained by surface drip. Increasing nitrogen addition N2(100% fertigation) produced the highest wheat grain and straw yield (3158.36 and 3445.44 kg fed -1). There were high significant differences among irrigation systems on leaf area, spike length and number of kernels/spike.
The highest value of nitrogen use efficiency to wheat grain (45.55) was recorded under I1 system and the lowest (25.67) was achieved under I6 system. The highest value of N-recovery to grain wheat (68.76%) was recorded with I3(minisprinkler) and the lowest (32.89%) was achieved under I6. Increasing nitrogen units led to an increase in nitrogen use efficiency attributed to N2 (100% fertigation) was higher than the same obtained in N1 (100% soil application).The highest values of nitrogen use efficiency were obtained by I3 N2 (46.84%), and the lowest one was detected under I6 N1 (22.44%), N- recovery increased with increasing N level. The highest value of N recovery % was found under I1 N2 and the lowest one was found under I6 N1.
2011
08
01
799
812
https://jssae.journals.ekb.eg/article_55672_ab1ef16ba4565732b1f5ee1f1836cab1.pdf
Journal of Soil Sciences and Agricultural Engineering
2090-3685
2090-3685
2011
2
8
A COMPARISON BETWEEN CONTROLLED RELEASE AND SOLUBLE N-FERTILIZERS ON YIELD AND QUALITY OF TWO SUBSEQUENT VEGETABLE CROPS.
A. Y.
Ramadan
Soad M.
Ashry
With increasing nitrogen unit price, the growers are begining to search about new methods for increasing nitrogen use efficiency. Consequently, this study was carried out to evaluate the efficiency of slow release nitrogen fertilizers on yield quantity and quality of two consecutive crops i.e., lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) and jew's mallow (Corchorus olitorus L.) under furrow irrigation system.
Two filed experiments were conducted at Kaha Hort. Res. Station, Kalyoubia Governorate, during two consecutive growing seasons (winter and summer seasons) 2007/2008 and 2008/2009.
Results showed that sulfur coated urea (SCU) caused an increase in plant fresh weight and dry weight, yield as well as nitrogen and nitrate content of lettuce plants as compared with Ureaformaldehyde (UF) and traditional urea. The residual effect for Ureaformaldehyde increased the plant growth parameters, yield, nitrogen and nitrate content for jew's mallow. But, nitrate content in both crops did not exceed the critical concentration tolerated for human. On the other hand, the results show generally that increasing N-level from 30 to 90 kg/ fed. caused a marked increase in parameters under study for the two crops
It can be concluded to use sulfur coated urea at 90 kg N/fed. is recommended to obtain the optimum yield with highest quality for lettuce plant. Also, the residual effect for this fertilizer was sufficient to obtain the optimum yield and quality of jew's mallow.
2011
08
01
813
822
https://jssae.journals.ekb.eg/article_55671_43650e66c45f69eadbc44a067d2713e6.pdf
Journal of Soil Sciences and Agricultural Engineering
2090-3685
2090-3685
2011
2
8
STUDIES ON NITROGEN CONTENT, YIELD AND YIELD COMPONENTS IN GUAR (Cyamopsis tetragonoloba L. TAUB) AS INFLUENCED BY RHIZOBIUM INOCULATION AND NITROGEN FERTILIZATION
Z. M.
Elsirafy
A. A.
Taha
T. M.
El-Zehery
Dawlat M.
Ebady
Azza A.
Ghazi
A pot experiment was conducted during the successive two summer seasons of 2008 and 2009 at a wire proof green house of Sakha Agricultural Research Station, Kafr El-Sheikh, governorate, Egypt. The experiment aimed to evaluate the effect of nitrogen fertilizer levels (N0=without nitrogen fertilizer, N1=10 kgN/fed, N2=20 kg N/fed and N3=30 kg N/fed) and three nitrogen fixing bacteria (Control=without inoculation, AZ1 (Ga+650) and AZ2 (Ga+500) as Rhizobium strains) on nodulation, yield and yield components of guar plant grown on three( sandy, calcareous and clay soils) kinds different soil types. The experiment was conducted in a spilt plot design with three replicates.
The Obtained results indicated that nodules dry weight increased significantly by adding 30 kg N/fed in the sandy soil whereas 20 kg N/fed (N2) gave the highest values of nodules dry weight with calcareous and clayey soil. 20 kg N/fed (N2) gave 289.44 and 289.44 mg/pot with clayey soil during first and second season, respectively. Also, inoculation with AZ2 increased significantly nodules dry weight with all soil types and the maximum nodules dry weight was 229 mg/pot with calcareous soil in the 1st season and 228.58 mg/pot with clayey soil in the 2nd season. In addition the interaction effect between nitrogen fertilizer and inoculation with nitrogen fixing bacteria in clayey soil gave the highest dry weight of nodules after 60 days with N2AZ2 (20kg N/fed combined with AZ2) of (840 and 640 mg/pot). Seed yield was increased significantly over control due to supplying with either 30 kg N/fed (N3) or AZ2 to a clayey soil. The highest seed yield values were obtained with 30 kg N/fed (N3) it gave 42.56 and 41.97 g/pot with clayey soil in the 1st and 2nd season, respectively. It was found that 20 kg N/fed gave the highest straw yield (117.73 g/pot) in the 1st with clayey soil whereas adding Az2 had the highest straw yield was 100.53 g/pot in the 1st season.
Data also revealed that oil yield significantly increased with nitrogen levels and gave the highest yield with adding 30kg N/fed to clayey soil (4.45 g/pot) in the 1st and 2nd season, respectively. Also with AZ2 the highest values of oil yield was 3.43 and 3.46 g/pot in the 1st and 2nd season.
AZ1= (Ga+650) strains
AZ2 (Ga+500)strains
strain 650= Rhizobium sp strain and strain 500 = Bradyrhizobium japonicum strain
guar plant
yield
protein yield and oil yield
2011
08
01
823
842
https://jssae.journals.ekb.eg/article_55673_7be6867f621d6caaea21ddeaf95752e8.pdf
Journal of Soil Sciences and Agricultural Engineering
2090-3685
2090-3685
2011
2
8
EVALUATING THE IMPROVED IRRIGATION NETWORKS IN EGYPT
T. T.
El-Gamal
This study summarizes the results of evaluating the improved canals in Egypt. These results constituted a part of an evaluation programme that was conducted by Water Management Research Institute (WMRI) to evaluate the first phase of the Irrigation Improvement Project (IIP1).
This part of the evaluation programme was built on measuring specific hydraulic indicators, such as Relative Water Supply (RWS) and Water Use Index (WUI) in improved and unimproved canals to assess achieving the targets of the improvement project. The programme concluded that most of the targets were not achieved yet illustrating that the main reason was the inappropriate operation of the system.
The study illustrated that the chance to achieve the improvement targets should be mainly through the effective operation of the system. The introduced operation system was the continuous flow system, with which water supply will be provided to different branch canals continuously and on volumetric basis and an internal rotation will be applied between lifting points. The monitoring results showed that the actual applied system is a hybrid system between rotational system and continuous flow system. Under this hybrid system, the branch canals are open almost continuously, but water is distributed based on maintaining specific water levels downstream the head regulators without calculating the water volume or implementing an internal rotation between the lifting points. This system encourages farmers and especially head farmers in rice regions to use more water.
The main recommendation of the study was to conduct intensive investigations to adapt the continuous flow to another suitable system that fit with the current circumstance of the irrigation networks and the current capacities of the irrigation directorates and Water Users Associations (WUAs). This introduced system might be an adapted version of the rotational system. The other recommendations include forming the improvement targets in a shape of certain responsibilities to encourage irrigation directorates achieving these targets and having certain strategies to face the environmental problems.
Irrigation Improvement Project
continuous flow
Water saving
Equity of water distribution
2011
08
01
843
859
https://jssae.journals.ekb.eg/article_55675_112478d4e7780594e39df5db892568a0.pdf
Journal of Soil Sciences and Agricultural Engineering
2090-3685
2090-3685
2011
2
8
ASSESSING THE ROLE SOME SOIL AMENDMENTS ON PHOSPHORUS AVAILABILITY UNDER CALCAREOUS SOIL CONDITIONS
E.M.
El-Hadidi
A. A.
Taha
A. A.
Mosa
Sally F.
AboElezz
Laboratory and pot experiments were conducted at Soils Dept., Fac. of Agric., MansouraUniv. during seasons of 2008 and 2009 to investigate the effect of some soil amendments on phosphorus availability, plant growth and nutritional status of faba bean and sorghum under calcareous soil conditions. The used experimental design was split plot design with three replicates. Compost, poultry manure and humic acid were arranged in main treatments at rates of 40, 10 Mg Fed-1 and 50 Kg Fed-1, respectively. However, subtreatments were presented mineral amendments i.e. control, bentonite, vermiculite and sulfure at rates of 0, 10, 10 and 100 Kg Fed-1, respectively. The obtained results indicated that soil addition of humic acid was superior for increasing the mean values of available P followed by poultry manure and finally the treatment of compost. Regarding the effect of soil mineral amendments, using of sulfur was more effective than other additives on increasing the mean values of available P under different forms of organic manure. The positive effect of humic acid on increasing available P in soil was reflected in increasing vegetative growth parameters and nutrients concentration in faba bean and sorghum plants. On the other hand, the mineral application of sulfur was more efficient than other mineral additives (bentonite and vermiculite) on stimulating vegetative growth parameters and increasing nutrients concentration in plant.
phosphorus
organic amendments
mineral amendments
Calcareous soil
Faba bean
Sorghum
2011
08
01
861
870
https://jssae.journals.ekb.eg/article_55676_a9d7998435911095d1f13789ce2799ad.pdf
Journal of Soil Sciences and Agricultural Engineering
2090-3685
2090-3685
2011
2
8
PHYSICAL AND MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF CUCUMBER APPLIED TO SEED EXTRACTOR
I. Y.
El Said
Mervat M.
Atallah
K. S.
Khalil
A. M.
El-Lithy
The aim of this research is to study some physical and mechanical properties of cucumber fruits for seed production, to help the design of handling machines. The physical and mechanical properties are incorporated in the development of the seed-extraction machine as a case study.
The main results in this study can be summarized as follows:
Physical properties of cucumber fruits: diameter = 52.15 – 229.5 mm, length = 52.15 – 68.87 mm, mass = 273.8 – 470.4 g, volume = 380 - 860 cm3, projected area = 250 - 500 cm2, real density = 0.94 -1.10 g/cm3, bulk density = 0.41 g/cm3, sphericity = 3.13 – 3.77.
Mechanical properties: cucumber-fruit firmness = 64 – 100.9 N/cm2, the axial cutting- force = 30 - 70 N.
The physical and mechanical properties are incorporated in the design of seed-extraction machine is given also in the paper as a case study.
2011
08
01
871
880
https://jssae.journals.ekb.eg/article_55669_03f2fdfd508771dfddbf696e21a4d619.pdf
Journal of Soil Sciences and Agricultural Engineering
2090-3685
2090-3685
2011
2
8
EFFECT OF SOIL AND FOLIAR APPLICATION OF HUMIC ACID ON GROWTH AND PRODUCTIVITY OF SOYBEAN PLANTS GROWN ON A CALCAREOUS SOIL UNDER DIFFERENT LEVELS OF MINERAL FERTILIZERS
M. M.
Mahmoud
A. H. A.
Hassanein
S. F.
Mansour
A. M.
Khalefa
A field experiment was carried out on a calcareous soil at Abou massou village (48 km south-west to Alexandria) to determine the effect of humic acid (HA) at the rates of 0 , soil application of (15 kg HA / fed and 30 kg HA/fed) , foliar spray of 0.1% HA and mixture of (15 kg HA/fed as soil application + 0.1% HA as foliar spray along with mineral fertilizers (MF) at the rates of 0 , 75 and 100% of the recommended dose of N, P and K (RDF) on some physical and chemical properties of the studied soil as well as soybean yield and its components.
The obtained results indicated that soil application of HA significantly increased soil organic matter content and positively affected bulk density and total porosity (decrease bulk density and increase total porosity). Available N, P and K in soil showed pronounced increases due to the soil application of HA and/ or MF , with a superiority for the treatment of 30 Kg HA + 100% RDF over the other treatments. Growth traits , N, P and K content in seeds as well as seed yield and yield components of Soybean considerably increased as a result of soil or foliar application of HA and/ or MF and the increase progressed with increasing the rate of HA (From 15 kg HA to 30 kg HA/Fed) or MF (From 75 to 100% RDF). The combined application of HA and MF was more prominent in enhancing the aforementioned parameters compared to the treatments received solely application of MF. In this respect, the highest values of these parameters were produced by the combined application of 30 kg HA/fed with 100% RDF.
Humic acid
Mineral fertilizers
soil properties
plant growth
Soybean
2011
08
01
881
890
https://jssae.journals.ekb.eg/article_55674_58e5a122af55cd6c7c0d671710e7219b.pdf