Mansoura University, Faculty of AgricultureJournal of Soil Sciences and Agricultural Engineering2090-36851920100901SOIL AND WATER MANAGEMENT FOR WHEAT PRODUCTION IN THE GEMMEIZA AREA6219307544710.21608/jssae.2010.75447ENM. Y. S.El-ArqanSoil. Dept., Faculty of Agric., Mansoura University.H. A.MeshrefSoil. Dept., Faculty of Agric., Mansoura University.S. A.Abdel– HafizSoil, Water and Environment Res. Inst., A.R.C., Giza, Egypt.M. I.BadawiSoil, Water and Environment Res. Inst., A.R.C., Giza, Egypt.Journal Article20100827A field experiments was carried out at EL-Gemmeiza Agricultural Research Station, Gharbia Governorate during 2005/2006 and 2006/2007 seasons to study the effects of organic matter, irrigation levels and their interaction on yield and its components of wheat crop and some crop water relations.
To achieve these objectives, two organic matter levels, i.e. O1: Without addition of Farm Yard Manure (OFYM) and O2 With FYM at the rat of 20 m<sup>3</sup>fed<sup>-1</sup>. Three irrigation regimes, i.e. irrigation at (I<sub>1</sub>): 100%, (I<sub>2</sub>):70% and (I<sub>3</sub>):50% of water requirements. The treatments were arranged in a split- plot design with three replications.
<strong>The main obtained results as follows:</strong>
1-The addition of the farmyard manure m<sup>3</sup> fed<sup>-1</sup> resulted in highly significant effect on straw yield and number of grains spike<sup>-1</sup>, of wheat crop during season 2005/2006 and straw yield, number of spikes m<sup>-2</sup>, number of grains spike<sup>-1</sup>, grain weight spike<sup>-1 in 2006/2007 season.</sup>
2-The addition of the farmyard manure (20 m<sup>3</sup> fad<sup>-1</sup>) resulted in significant effect on grain yield, number of spikes m<sup>-2</sup>, grain weight spike<sup>-1</sup> in 2005/2006 and grain yield, and 1000 grain weight (g) in season 2006/2007.
3-The addition of the organic mater resulted in increasing water consumption use and water use efficiency.
4-The results demonstrate clearly that, irrigation regime at 100% I.W.R. leads to significant increases in most of the characters studied; grain yield and straw yield, , number of grains spike<sup>-1</sup>, number of spikes m<sup>-2</sup>, grain weight spike<sup>-1</sup> and 1000 grain weight (g) of wheat crop during the two growing seasons.
5-There is significant interaction between the organic matter and irrigation regime where this interaction viewed in number of spikes m<sup>-2</sup> and grain weight spike<sup>-1 in 2005/2006 season.</sup>
6-There is no significant interaction between the organic matter and irrigation regime where this interaction viewed in grain yield and straw yield, number of grains spike<sup>-1</sup> and 1000 grain weight (g) both two seasons.
7-This study concluded that the best combination treatment was addition of organic matter 20 m<sup>3</sup> fad<sup>-1</sup> and the irrigation regime 100% I.W.R.https://jssae.journals.ekb.eg/article_75447_f004441965d2236515087f294e0219fb.pdfMansoura University, Faculty of AgricultureJournal of Soil Sciences and Agricultural Engineering2090-36851920100901EXPLANATORY STUDY OF THE POSSIBILITY OF REPLACEMENT SUGAR BEET INSTEAD OF SUGAR CANE UNDER LIMITED WATER RESOURCES9319487545610.21608/jssae.2010.75456ENH. A.Abdel ReheemWater Management Research Inst., National Water Research CenterH. FerweezSugar crops Research Institute, Agriculture Research CenterJournal Article20100905Two field experiments were carried out at Mallaway Research Station, El-MiniaProvince, Middle Egypt during the growing seasons of 2006 and 2007. The research plan of this study aimed to evaluate and compare the validity of applying the partially or completely using of sugar beet instead of sugar cane crops. The study includes a comparison between the two crops and their water consumption and agricultural practices on the economical side and also providing suggestive sequence about the replacement to study the validity of the replacement from the present cropping pattern and especially the crops which consume much water such as sugar cane under the condition of the current limited water supply. The results indicate in terms of water that the average quantities of water applied and actual consumptive use were 10682.12 and 6491.12 m<sup>3</sup>/fed for sugar can crop, respectively. While it were 3374.76 and 1990.12 m<sup>3</sup>/ fed for sugar beet, respectively. The sugar beet has high values of field and crop water use efficiency (10.37 and 17.58 kg root / m<sup>3</sup>), while sugar cane has lowest values of them (4.35 and 7.16 kg stalk cane /m<sup>3</sup>), respectively. The results indicate also that, from view point water and economic, the sugar beet recorded the highest values of net return of each water applied and consumptive use units (0.31 and 0.52 L.E /m<sup>3</sup>), respectively, while sugarcane has the lowest values of them (0.20 and 0.33 L.E /m<sup>3</sup>), respectively. This due to increasing the quantity of water applied and water consumptive use for sugar cane which led to decrease this efficiency.
Results indicate that, from view point of social, the water awareness of farmer is less which leads to waste much water where over irrigation practices by the farmers usually leads to low irrigation efficiency water logging and high losses of water and fertilizer. The Results indicate that 6.6% of sugar cane farmers agree on the completely replacement of sugar beet instead of sugar cane and 71.1 % of farmers accepted the partial replacement by decreasing the sugar cane areas and cultivating using the sugar beet, this due to the insistence of cane farmers on planting the cane because they used to cultivate it for along time. Also the results indicated that there are a few farmers (7.9%) know the idea of planting the cane by transplanting method and the majority of farmers prefer planting the cane in furrow and small portion (13.2%) know the idea of Stiva plant and 11.8 % agree on planting the sugar in new lands. So we concluded that the sugar cane farmers prefer planting the sugar cane crop in furrow, this due to decrease water awareness about the water importance by limiting the water, and decreased agriculture and water culture about applying the modern methods as the method of transplanting to limit the water, this due to, there isn’t agricultural direction to increase the culture of farmers.
At the end of study it could be concluded that it is necessary to expand, the sugar beet in the old lands by partially replacement and in the new lands. On other hand, irrigation water saving can be used for increasing cereal crop areas to meet the shortages of food production.https://jssae.journals.ekb.eg/article_75456_bfc473696f13b92f30471cc9b0d1fdaf.pdfMansoura University, Faculty of AgricultureJournal of Soil Sciences and Agricultural Engineering2090-36851920100901SITUATION ANALYSIS OF BOTTLED DRINKING WATER QUALITY IN SUDAN9499567546110.21608/jssae.2010.75461ENH. Abdel MagidDept. Of Soil and Environment Sci., Fac. Of Agric., Univ. Of Khartoum, Shambat,Khartoum North, P.O Box 32, Sudan, 13314Journal Article20100912The quality parameters of 21 Sudanese bottled drinking water brands, as labeled by bottlers, were studied and compared. These parameters include TDS (total dissolved salts), pH, the major cations (Ca<sup>++</sup>, Mg<sup>++</sup>, Na<sup>+</sup> and K<sup>+</sup>), anions (Cl<sup>-</sup>, SO<sub>4</sub><sup>-</sup>, NO<sub>3</sub><sup>-</sup>, F<sup>-</sup> and HCO<sub>3</sub><sup>-</sup>) and total hardness beside the disinfection procedure and water category or source.
Cross comparison among the brands revealed an inconsistency in the choice of quality parameters as well as their magnitudes. No indication or parameter, of any kind, for the microbiological quality was shown on the labels; however, the disinfection method is clearly indicated.
Statistical analysis of the data revealed significant variations in the magnitudes of the quality parameters as indicated by the wide range and high standard deviation of the data. Moreover, the indication of the source of water on labels is confusing and warrants further attention. Salient conclusions and remarks pertaining to bottled water were reported. https://jssae.journals.ekb.eg/article_75461_3126b5824a51d29febb5778a2633f64d.pdfMansoura University, Faculty of AgricultureJournal of Soil Sciences and Agricultural Engineering2090-36851920100901MAXIMIZING UTILIZATION OF COMPOST ADDITION USING FOLIAR COMPOST EXTRACT AND HUMIC SUBSTANCES IN ALLUVIAL SOIL9579717546410.21608/jssae.2010.75464ENH. A.MeshrefSoil Dept., Faculty of Agriculture, Mansoura University.M. H.RabieSoil fertility and Plant Nutrition Dept, Soil, Water, and Environmental Research Institute, Giza, Egypt.A. M.El-GhamrySoil Dept., Faculty of Agriculture, Mansoura University.M. A.El-AgamySoil fertility and Plant Nutrition Dept, Soil, Water, and Environmental Research Institute, Giza, Egypt.Journal Article20100920Two field experiments were carried out in clay soil at the experimental farm of Gemmeiza Agriculture Research Station (Middle Delta, Egypt). during the two successive winter seasons of March 2007 and March 2008, to investigate the possibility of spraying compost extract and humic substances as foliar appliocation for maximizing the soil compost addition. For that purpose, kidney bean (<em>Phaseolus vulgaris</em>, L.)was planted in two successive seasons. The compost was added to all treatments except the control (100% mineral nitrogen fertilizer). Both compost extract and humic substances were added each alone twice or alternatively. The results clearly showed a positive effect of compost extract and humic substances on all plant growth parameters. The superior treatment was when compost extract was sprayed alternatively with humic in present of 75% of mineral nitrogen fertilizer with 10 Ton/fed of compost as soil addition, the following treatment was spraying of compost extract alone with 75% of mineral nitrogen fertilizer plus (10 Ton/fed) of compost addition. Generally, results pointed that usage of compost extract and humic as foliar application maximized the utilization of soil compost addition. https://jssae.journals.ekb.eg/article_75464_b8471fbf96476e217cdc3712b18daf3a.pdf