Mansoura University, Faculty of AgricultureJournal of Soil Sciences and Agricultural Engineering2090-3685111120201101Prototype for Animals Feed Blocks60160813563810.21608/jssae.2020.135638ENT. H. EL-ShabrawyAgric. Eng. Dept., Agric. Fac. Mansoura Univ.M. A. Al-RajhiSenior Researcher, Agric. Eng. Research institute, Agric. Research Center, EgyptJournal Article20201101The main objectives of this research are to develop a formulation prototype for animal feed blocks from agricultural residues by compressing and thermal molding a mix of chopped residues, molasses and with or without gluten to a desired shape and weight. The prototype included three main units: power and power transmission unit; feed materials mixing unit and thermal compacting unit. Residues of rice straw, corn stalks and wheat straw were chopped into small pieces and experiments were conducted to test the formulation prototype on three mixing ratios of (2:1:1, 1:2:1 and 1:1:2) for the mentioned agricultural residues, respectively. Three ratios of additions molasses (10, 15and 20 %), with or without adding binder material (gluten) and with or without (thermal compact process) to measure the feed block shear force, total bacterial counts, moisture content and economic evaluation after one day, one month, two months and three months of feed blocks processing, respectively. The results indicated that minimum shear force (1.3 N) was obtained at feed mixing ratio of 1:1:2, additions molasses ratio of 20 %, without adding gluten, without thermal treatment after 3 months. The minimum total bacterial counts (12 CFU/g) was obtained at feed mixing ratio of 1:1:2, additions molasses ratio of 10 %, with adding gluten, with thermal treatment after 1 day. The minimum moisture content (17.8 %) was obtained at feed mixing ratio of 2:1:1, additions molasses ratio of 10 %, with adding gluten, with thermal treatment after 1 day. The total operation cost was about 1.14 LE/kg.https://jssae.journals.ekb.eg/article_135638_9d81bafd5cc74334b75612129a745890.pdfMansoura University, Faculty of AgricultureJournal of Soil Sciences and Agricultural Engineering2090-3685111120201101Utilization of the Two-Wheel Tractor in Onion Digging Operation60961513564810.21608/jssae.2020.135648ENW. B.El-FakhranyAgric. Eng.Res. Inst., A. R. C.F. H. FathallaOnion Research Section, Field Crop Research Inst., A.R.C.Journal Article20201102A front-mounted digger was especially manufactured to be used with the two-wheel tractor for digging onion bulbs, the digger mainly consists of a frame, two detachable shanks and digging blade. Two experiments were carried out in May 2018 at El Gemmieza Agricultural Research Station to evaluate the performance of the developed digger during digging two cultivars of onion namely Giza 20 and Giza red; by testing two types of digging blade namely smooth sharpened edge blade (SSB) and triangular fingered blade (TFB) at three different blade angles of 5<sup>ᵒ</sup>, 10<sup>ᵒ</sup> and 15<sup>ᵒ</sup>. The un-lifted bulbs, damaged bulbs, digging efficiency, onion bulbs storability, required power (kW), consumed energy (kW.h/fed) and total cost were taken into consideration. The results revealed that the TFB caused damaged bulbs ranged between 23.2 – 36.04% and 20.22 – 33.46% with Giza red and Giza 20 respectively; compared to 1.72 – 3.08 % and 1.13 – 2.75 % respectively in case of SSB, so that the TFB cannot be used with the developed digger. The results indicated also that; increasing the blade angle decreased the un-lifted and damaged bulbs; and increased the digging efficiency, onion bulbs storability, required power and consumed energy with the two onion cultivars. The highest digging efficiency for SSB and TFB was obtained at blade angle of 15˚ with the two onion cultivars. The highest total digging cost was 96.6 LE/fed and 107.6 LE/fed for SSB and TFB respectively. Therefore; the developed digger can be used with the two-wheel tractor with SSB at blade angle of 15˚.https://jssae.journals.ekb.eg/article_135648_4c4bee4fbbbb6a7ddfd8b700f17c50d9.pdfMansoura University, Faculty of AgricultureJournal of Soil Sciences and Agricultural Engineering2090-3685111120201101Utilization of Renewable Energy Technology in Performing some Agricultural Operations61762013564910.21608/jssae.2020.135649ENE. A. AminAgricultural Engineering Dept., Faculty of Agriculture. Mansoura University, Egypt.E. A GoudaElectrical Engineering Dept., Faculty of Engineering. Mansoura University., Egypt.M. S. Abu SamraAgricultural Engineering Dept., Faculty of Agriculture. Mansoura University, Egypt.Journal Article20201103Designing a photovoltaic system that aims to pumping air in fish tanks by air pump in order to meet the fish needs of the vital oxygen. The system consists of two circuits, load circuit and control circuit. 1. Circuit load: solar panel, Battery, charge controller and Inverter. 2. Circuit control: relay 12 V, pic microcontroller 16f877A, Transistor BC547, Diode 1N4148, Crystal 4MHZ and Capacitor 22 Pf. The analysis shows the configuration of photovoltaic 400W, 1battery of 200 Ah, inverter 1 kW and 4 charge controller 10 A. This is the most economically feasible and average cost of energy (ACOE) is about 2.6 EG₱/kWh. . “Dissolved oxygen” or DO, and is measured in parts per million or ppm in fish tank rise above 3 (stressed level)<span style="text-decoration: underline;">.</span>https://jssae.journals.ekb.eg/article_135649_36feea7875a0f5e00dbf84d4eabbc536.pdfMansoura University, Faculty of AgricultureJournal of Soil Sciences and Agricultural Engineering2090-3685111120201101Comparison of Thermal Performance Analysis for Single-Slope Solar Stills Using Three Different Depths of Seawater62162913565910.21608/jssae.2020.135659ENS. M. AbdellatifAgricultural Engineering Dept., Faculty of Agriculture, Mansoura UniversityY. M. El-HadidiAgricultural Engineering Dept., Faculty of Agriculture, Mansoura UniversityG. A. MosadAgricultural Engineering Dept., Faculty of Agriculture, Mansoura UniversityAsmaa A. A.WehbaAgricultural Engineering Dept., Faculty of Agriculture, Mansoura UniversityJournal Article20201104In this study an attempt was done to compare the thermal performance for the three identical single-slope solar stills using three different depths of seawater (1, 2, and 3 cm). It was executed under the climatic conditions of Mansoura University (31.045°N latitude angle, and 31.352°E longitude angle, and 6.72 m above the sea level). The experimental work was carried out form the 1<sup>st </sup>of January until the 19<sup>th </sup>of April 2020. Different of climatic factors and solar still measurements were monitored, measured and recorded. The hourly average solar energy available inside the solar still wind speed and ambient air temperature during the daylight-time, respectively, was 461.4 W, 1.3 m/s and 21.4ºC. The thermal efficiency for the lowest depth of seawater was higher than that of the other two depths by 22.44% and 49.03%, respectively. The distillation efficiency of the lowest depth of seawater was higher than that of the other depths by 13.34% and 20.15%, respectively. The lowest depth of seawater augmented the productivity rate of freshwater by 42.04% and 77.27% as compared with the other two depths, respectively. The estimated costs of distilled one litre of freshwater from the three different depths of seawater, respectively, were approximately 0.68, 0.96, and 1.20 EGP.https://jssae.journals.ekb.eg/article_135659_3adc0388831a917262345373de655285.pdfMansoura University, Faculty of AgricultureJournal of Soil Sciences and Agricultural Engineering2090-3685111120201101Effect of Sulphur Application and some Foliar Feeding on Productivity and Roots Quality of Sugar Beet63163913567810.21608/jssae.2020.135678ENHanan M.Abu El-FotohSoils, Water and Environ. Res. Inst., Agric. Res. Center,Giza ,EgyptLamyaa A.Abd El-RahmanSoils, Water and Environ. Res. Inst., Agric. Res. Center, Giza, EgyptSamia M. S.El-KalawySoils, Water and Environ. Res. Inst., Agric. Res. Center,Giza ,EgyptJournal Article20201105A field experiment was conducted at El-Gemmeiza Agric. Res. Station, Gharbeya Governorate, Egypt during the two successive winter seasons of 2017/2018 and 2018/2019, to study the effect of sulphur ( 0, 40 and 80 kg/fad.) and three foliar spray treatments (mixture of FeSO<sub>4 </sub>20%+MnSO<sub>4</sub>3H<sub>2</sub>O 23%+ZnSO<sub>4</sub>7H<sub>2</sub>O 23% +B as boric acid 17%) at 1%, blue green algae extract at 1 liter /fad. and yeast extract at 100 ml/liter water on growth , yield and root quality of sugar beet (cv Oskar poly) grown in a clay soil conditions. These treatments were arranged in a split plot in a complete block design with three replications. Sulphuer levels were randomly distributed in the main plots , while foliar spray treatments were randomly arranged in the sub plots. The interaction between sulphur at 80 kg/fad. and spraying with blue green algae extract at 1 liter / fad. gave the highest values of sugar beet shoots, roots and its components. While , the interaction between sulphur at 80 kg/fad. and spraying with the mixture of Fe+Zn+Mn+B at 1 % recorded maximum values of Fe, Zn, Mn and B in leaf tissues and roots. The increases in yield of sugar were about 32.8 and 56.3 % for the interaction between 80 kg S/fad. and spraying with blue green algae, 24.9 and 42.7 % for the interaction between 80 kg S/fad. and spraying with mixture of Fe+Zn+Mn+B over the interaction between 0 S and spraying with yeast extract in the 1<sup>st</sup> and 2<sup>nd</sup> seasons, respectively.https://jssae.journals.ekb.eg/article_135678_b32ba736179bdc0db133aba9cd9aab1d.pdfMansoura University, Faculty of AgricultureJournal of Soil Sciences and Agricultural Engineering2090-3685111120201101Response of Hot Pepper Plants (Capsicum frutescens L.) to Compost and some Foliar Application Treatments64164613569210.21608/jssae.2020.135692ENDina A.GhaziSoils Department, Faulty of Agriculture, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt.Journal Article20201106There is a general trend of using natural plant extracts and bio substances with organic fertilizers for improving plant growth. So, our study aims to investigate the influence of plant compost (plant residues) and foliar spraying with some stimulants on enhancing growth performance, chlorophyll content, fruit yield and quality of hot pepper plants (<em>Capsicum frutescens</em> L.)CV Sina Hot.For this purpose, a field trial was carried out at the Experimental Farm of Faculty of Agricultural, Mansoura University during the summer season of 2020. The used experimental design is a split-plot design with three replicates included four compost rates <em>i.e</em>. control (without compost addition), 5, 10 and 15 m<sup>3</sup> compost fed<sup>-1</sup> are arranged in main plots and four foliar applications <em>i.e</em>. tap water (control), seaweed extract at 0.5 gL<sup>-1</sup>, yeast extract at 5 gL<sup>-1</sup> and liquorice extract at 10 gL<sup>-1</sup> are arranged in subplots. Findings show that all growth parameters <em>i.e.</em> plant height (cm), No. of leaves plant<sup>-1</sup>,leaf area (cm<sup>2</sup> plant<sup>-1</sup>), fresh and dry weights (g plant<sup>-1</sup>),chlorophyll content <em>i.e</em>. Chl <em>a</em>, Chl <em>b</em> and Chl <em>a+b</em> (mg g<sup>-1</sup> F.W), fruit yield <em>i.e</em>. average fruit weight (g), No. of fruits plant<sup>-1</sup> and total yield (metric ton fed<sup>-1</sup>) and fruit quality parameters <em>i.e.</em> phenol and vitamin C (mg 100g<sup>-1</sup>), carotene (mg g<sup>-1</sup> F.W), dry mater, TSS, N, P, K (%) and Fe (mg kg<sup>-1</sup>) of hot pepper plants significantly increase with the increase of added compost rate. Also, among the stimulants, it was found that 'seaweed extract ' is the best one. The yeast extract comes in the second-order followed by liquorice extract and lately tap water (control).https://jssae.journals.ekb.eg/article_135692_94941293d793725d0185f74d10443bd4.pdfMansoura University, Faculty of AgricultureJournal of Soil Sciences and Agricultural Engineering2090-3685111120201101Developing an Automatic Dust Cleaning Unit to Improve the Photovoltaic Panels productivity64765113570910.21608/jssae.2020.135709ENM. I. ElmeadawyAgric. Eng. Res. Inst. (AEnRI), ARC – Giza – Egypt.Journal Article20201110Egypt has one of the best weather conditions for producing renewable energy in the world. As a result, there has been a proven market pull for solar energy in the region in a growing clean energy export market as clean energy. Solar energy maintenance is relatively low comparing to other power generation sources. Although, less maintenance is required, the important factor that reduces its generation according to accumulate dust on solar PV modules. Dust accumulation effectively reduces the energy yield of solar panels. So, the current paper deals with the locally designed automatic cleaning mechanism for solar PV modules. The designed mechanism consists of an electronic solar module that automatically cleans the solar module at the required rate. without requiring water to clean the solar module. This cleaning mechanism is also suitable for pole mounted street lighting systems where daily manual cleaning is not possible and could be more costly. Six months later from start experiments, the obtained results of PV panel recorded maximum value of volts, current and power were 18.1 V, 0.85 Amp 15.39 Watts respectively for cleaned one while it was decreased up to 8.87 V, 0.425 Amp and 3.77 Watt for the un-cleaned respectively. The use of the developed cleaning unit improves the energy produced from PV panel by 42.32% compared to the control.https://jssae.journals.ekb.eg/article_135709_59a31dc2d646ea021ff5ea8aab42ed1a.pdfMansoura University, Faculty of AgricultureJournal of Soil Sciences and Agricultural Engineering2090-3685111120201101Effect of Bio-Fertilizer, Organic and Mineral Fertilizaters on Soybean Yield and Nutrients Uptake under Sandy Soil Conditions65366013573910.21608/jssae.2020.135739ENF. A. GhalySoil Sci. Dept., Fac. of Agric., Damietta Univ., Egypt.A. S. Abd-ElhamiedSoil Sci. Dept., Fac. of Agric., Damietta Univ., Egypt.N. S. ShalabySoil Sci. Dept., Fac. of Agric., Damietta Univ., Egypt.Journal Article20201112During the two consecutive summer seasons of 2015 and 2016 at Faculty of Agric.; Damietta University, Damietta Governorate, Egypt, two pot experiments were conducted to examine the effect of phosphorus fertilization, organic fertilization and inoculation with <em>Azotobacter</em> as well as their interactions on nutrient uptake and yield of soybean plants (<em>Glycine max</em> L.). The experiment was performed using split-split plot design with 18 treatments in three replicates, three treatments of organic manure in form of chicken manure (without, 8 and 12 ton.fed<sup>-1</sup>) as the main plot, three rates of phosphorus fertilization (0, 36 and 54 kgp < sub>2o<sub>5</sub>.fed<sup>-1</sup>) as subplot and all treatments were studied twice; once in the presence of <em>Azotobacter</em> strains inoculants and the other without it as sub-sub plot. Individual organic manure increased N, P and K uptake by the plant, yield and its component (100-seed, g/plant, seed yield, g/plant, pod length, cm and pods weight, g/plant) and chemical composition of seed (N, P, K, protein and total carbohydrates%). Obtained results declare that phosphorus fertilizer treatments at 54 kg P<sub>2</sub>O<sub>5</sub>.fed<sup>-1 </sup>recorded the highest values of the mentioned parameters. Bio-fertilizers increased the traits especially in presence of <em>Azotobacter</em> comparing with the un-inoculated plant. So, the interaction between 12 ton.fed<sup>-1 </sup>chicken manure and 54 kg.fed<sup>-1</sup> P<sub>2</sub>O<sub>5</sub> in presence of <em>Azotobacter</em> was the best treatment to achieve the highest values of parameters under investigation during two seasons.https://jssae.journals.ekb.eg/article_135739_8e1b10d8bfbf8c45100ab1ee790725cc.pdfMansoura University, Faculty of AgricultureJournal of Soil Sciences and Agricultural Engineering2090-3685111120201101Effect of Phosphorus Fertilization and Psb on Garlic Quality under Organic Farming System66166613575710.21608/jssae.2020.135757ENK. F. FoudaDepartment of Soil Science- Faculty of Agriculture - Mansoura University - EgyptJournal Article20201116The present investigation was undertaken in complete randomized design with three replicates during winter season of 2017/2018 to study the effect of phosphorus fertilization (50, 75 and 100 % from recommended dose), Phosphate Solublizing Bacteria (PSB) and chicken manure on growth criteria , chemical traits, bulb quality and yield of garlic plants. The findings showed that growth criteria <em> </em>such as plant height, No. of leaves, fresh and dry weight of whole plant and its leaves, neck and bulb, yield and its components (number of clovers/bulb, bulb diameter, neck diameter, average cloves and bulb as well as total Mg/fed), chemical content (N, P and K %) and quality parameters (TSS%, total carbohydrates, crude fiber, vitamin C, dry matter, volatile oil and allicin) as well as availability of N, P and K recorded the highest values with plant treated with 75% P fertilization+ PSB +Chicken manure.https://jssae.journals.ekb.eg/article_135757_ea5917c575654a9fbd82e13f96c25d53.pdfMansoura University, Faculty of AgricultureJournal of Soil Sciences and Agricultural Engineering2090-3685111120201101Effect of Deficit Irrigation and Weed Control Treatments on Grain Yield and Water Productivity for Three Bread Wheat Genotypes66767513608810.21608/jssae.2020.136088ENM. S. GenedyWheat Research Department, Field Crops Res. Inst., ARC. Giza. Egypt.A. A. H. SharsharWeed Research Central Laboratory. (WRCL), ARC. Giza. Egypt.A. M. SharsharWheat Research Department, Field Crops Res. Inst., ARC. Giza. Egypt.M. A. MahmoudWater Requirements and Field Irrigation Dept. Soils Water & Environment Res. Inst., ARC. Giza, EgyptHoda E. A.IbrahimCentral Lab. for Design and Statistical Analysis Research, ARC. Giza. Egypt.Journal Article20201118A field experiment was conducted during two winter seasons 2018/2019 and 2019/2020 at Sakha Agricultural Research Station, Kafr El-Sheikh Governorate, Egypt to study the effect of deficit irrigation and weed control treatments on grain yield and water productivity of three bread wheat genotypes. The experimental design was stripe split-plot, with three replicates. Irrigation treatments were in the vertical plots which include I<sub>1</sub> irrigation at all stages (full irrigation), while I<sub>2</sub>, I<sub>3</sub> and I<sub>4</sub> were deficit irrigation through withholding one irrigation at elongation, booting, and anthesis stages, respectively. Four weed control treatments were allocated in horizontal plots that include, W<sub>1</sub> (Gerostar + Action), W<sub>2</sub> (Atlants), W<sub>3</sub> (hand weeding twice), and W<sub>4</sub> control (untreated), Sub-Subplots were three wheat genotypes G<sub>1</sub> (Giza 171), G<sub>2</sub> (Sakha 95) and G<sub>3</sub> (promising Line). The results revealed that the highest values of plant height, number of spikes m<sup>2</sup>, number of kernels spikes<sup>-</sup><sup>1</sup>, 1000-kernel weight, biological yield, grain yield and straw yield were recorded under I<sub>1</sub> compared to all the studied irrigation treatments, as well as under W<sub>1</sub> compared to other weed control treatments and G<sub>2</sub> compared to others genotypes in the two seasons. The highest values of water consumptive use (CU), and applied water (AW) were recorded under I<sub>1</sub> to be 37.67, and 48.26 cm respectively, the values of AW under I<sub>2</sub>, I<sub>3</sub> and I<sub>4</sub> were reduced by 18.5%, 17.6%, and 22.3% respectively compared to I<sub>1</sub> as mean of the two seasons. The values of productivity of irrigation water (PIW), and water productivity (WP) were taken the descending order W<sub>1</sub>> W<sub>2</sub> > W<sub>3</sub> > W<sub>4</sub> and G<sub>2</sub> > G<sub>1</sub> > G<sub>3</sub> for weed, and genotypes respectively. It could be recommended the I<sub>2</sub> × W<sub>1</sub> × G<sub>2</sub> interaction which recorded the highest grain yield, PIW and WP, moreover saved a reasonable amount of irrigation water.https://jssae.journals.ekb.eg/article_136088_b52aefb5b7fc02680d04593783ec4f5a.pdfMansoura University, Faculty of AgricultureJournal of Soil Sciences and Agricultural Engineering2090-3685111120201101Effect of Digestion Temperature and Stirring Time on Biogas Properties Using Vertical and Horizontal Units67768513880010.21608/jssae.2020.138800ENS. M. AbdellatifAgricultural Engineering Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Mansoura UniversityY. M. El-HadidiAgricultural Engineering Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Mansoura UniversityN. T. NazmiAgricultural Engineering Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Mansoura UniversityJournal Article20201120This work was carried out in order to compare the performance of two digesters types (horizontal and vertical) for biogas production from animal wastes as a source of renewable energy at the biogas laboratory of the Agricultural Engineering Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Mansoura University. Daily biogas production and its content of methane was recorded. The biogas production rate, productivity and the calorific value were determination during batch process anaerobic digestion of buffalo dung. Three different digestion temperatures (35 ºC, 40 ºC and 45 ºC) with stirring time of 15 minutes every 2 hours and total solid 12% were investigated to choose the best digestion temperature (B.D.T). The best digestion temperature was used with two different stirring times (15 minutes every 3 hours and 15 minutes every 4 hours daily) to define the optimal condition for biogas productivity. The stirring speed for all experiments was adjusted at 120 rpm and hydraulic retention time of 60 days. Chemical analysis and biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) of influent and effluent slurries were also carried out. The obtained results indicated that, biogas production from vertical digester is more than that from horizontal one. It is recommended to use temperature of 40 ºC with stirring time 15 minutes every 3 hours at total solid of 12% and stirring speed of 120 rpm. According to chemical analysis, the effluent slurry of different experiments could be used as a good organic fertilizer. It contains high concentration of plant nutrients and organic matter and it had tendency to give higher crop yield and soil microbial activities.https://jssae.journals.ekb.eg/article_138800_4a56050e4c78a69b9fd645b9195184d1.pdfMansoura University, Faculty of AgricultureJournal of Soil Sciences and Agricultural Engineering2090-3685111120201101Influence of Foliar Application of Potassium Humate and Proline on Wheat Growth and Productivity Grown in Saline Soil68569216463810.21608/jssae.2020.164638ENMaha M.OthmanSoil Fertility and Plant Nutrition Research Department, Soils, Water and Environment Research Institute, Agricultural Research Centre, Giza, Egypt.Eman RashwanSoil Fertility and Plant Nutrition Research Department, Soils, Water and Environment Research Institute, Agricultural Research Centre, Giza, Egypt.Amira M.El-EmshatyWater Requirements and Field Irrigation Depart, Soils, Water and Environment Research Institute, Agricultural Research Centre, Giza, Egypt.Journal Article20201117Two field trials on wheat (<em>Triticum aestivum</em> L.; Variety Misr1 ), were conducted at Tag El-Ezz Agricultural Research Station, Agricultural Research Centre (ARC), Dakahlia Governorate, Egypt during two successive winter seasons of 2016/17 and 2017/18. The experimental area were located at 30<sup>o </sup>95' 7034'' N latitude and 31<sup>o </sup>60' 0219' E longitude. The experiment treatments were included two factors 1) potassium humate (KH) at three levels (i.e. control, 3%, 6% of spraying solutions) and 2) proline (P) at three rates (i. e .control, 50, 100 mgl<sup>-1</sup>). The two factors were layout in a split plot design with three replicates, where the potassium humate and proline treatments were located randomly in the main and sub plots, respectively. The obtained results indicated that addition of potassium humate 6% with proline at 100 mgl<sup>-1</sup> gave the highest values of N, P and K % in wheat grains and straw, protein content and also gave the highest grains yield, compared with control treatment, so that the combined treatment of potassium humate 6% with proline 100 mgl<sup>-1</sup> was considered as most suitable treatment for obtaining the highest wheat yield under these experimental conditions. In addition to reduce the negative effects of salt stress on wheat plants.https://jssae.journals.ekb.eg/article_164638_9af4f316f006b780b423f78961cf6ad3.pdf