Mansoura University, Faculty of AgricultureJournal of Soil Sciences and Agricultural Engineering2090-36857920160901Evaluating Ceres-Maize Model under Different Irrigation and Nitrogen Fertilizer Rate in Medial Egypt6036094032610.21608/jssae.2016.40326ENNemait Allah OsmanSoil Water and Environment Research Institute, ARC, EgyptRania HelalSoil Water and Environment Research Institute, ARC, EgyptDoaa BashaPlant Nutrition Department,National Research Center, Dokki, EgyptJournal Article20160823Increasing water productivity with improving and enhancing agriculture practices becoming biggest target of worldwide country especially in developing country i.e. Egypt .Simulation models, such as the DSSAT (Decision Support System for Agrotechnology Transfer) Crop System Models are often used to characterize, develop and assess field crop production practices. In this study, one of the DSSAT Cropping System Model; CERES-Maize was employed to characterize maize (Zea mays) yield, water use and nitrogen uptake at Sids, Beni Swief Governorate condition in Middle Egypt ( Lat. 29º 04' N, Long. 31º 06' E and 30.40 m above the mean sea level). A field experiment was conducted including three water regimes (irrigating at 100%, 85% and 70% of reference evapotranspiration (ETo) and three nitrogen levels (216, 288 and 360 kg N/ha).After success model calibration with data collected from two distinct growing seasons (summer 2013-2014 ) ,the model was used to predict the grain yield, ET crop and N uptake. Then, validation was done and, results showed high correlation between simulated versus observed data with values of correlation coefficient (R<sup>2</sup>) ranged between 0.92 and 0.99. Running simulation showed that increasing soil water content increased simulated grain yield and ET crop while N uptake was not effected by increasing soil water. Yield was positively affected by increased N-level and maximum simulated values were obtained at 336 kg N/ha but the ET crop increase was limited due to increase N levels. These outcomes indicate that such model can be used to improve our understanding of the effects of irrigation and N fertilizer management practices on maize yield especially if the long-term irrigation and fertilizer management practices strategy have been adopted under study region conditions.https://jssae.journals.ekb.eg/article_40326_688729e166a2d8e33cb3d654273b6d21.pdfMansoura University, Faculty of AgricultureJournal of Soil Sciences and Agricultural Engineering2090-36857920160901Impact of Bio-Fertilizer, Humic acid and compost Tea applications on Soil Properties and Egyptian Clover productivity under Saline Soil Conditions6116224033210.21608/jssae.2016.40332ENEnshrah El-MaazSoils, Water and Environ. Res. Inst., Agric. Res. Center, Giza, EgyptFatma IsmailForage Crop, Res. Sec., Field crop, Res.,Inst., Agric. Res. Center, Giza, EgyptJournal Article20160824Two field experiments were conducted during winter seasons of 2014/2015 and 2015/2016at Sahl El-Hossinia Agric. Res. Station, El-Sharkia – Governorate, Egypt to evaluate the effect of humic acid, compost tea and bio-fertilizer using two methods of application (foliar and soaking) on some chemical and physical soil properties and Egyptian clover (<em>Trifoliumalexandrinum</em>L.) var. Meskawy productivity under saline soil conditions. The soil pH and EC values decreased due to different treatments using soaking or foliar application.The lowest value of EC in soil reached (4.61 dSm<sup>-1</sup>)by applying humic acid as foliar application.The soil content of O.M increased in caseof bio-fertilizer, humic acid and compost tea compared with control using soaking or foliar application, however, a high increase was attained by humic acid foliar application.The CEC (cmolkg<sup>-1</sup>) valuewas affected by different fertilizer sources using soaking or foliar application. The high mean value of CEC was 41.42cmolkg<sup>-1</sup>in case of humic acid foliar application compared with other treatments and control. The highest values of field capacity and available water were found in case of humic acid foliar application compared to other treatments and control using soaking or foliar application. The values of soil bulk density of soil profiles treated by all treatments were relatively low compared to those of control, whereas the maximum decrease exists in soil treated byhumic acid foliar application compared to other treatments and control using soaking or foliar application. Adding humic acid as foliar application increased the soil total porosity values compared to other treatments and control. Data showed that the values of drainable pores (DP) and water holding pores (WHP) were higher than the other pores in different treatments. The highest diameters of dry aggregates were affected by humic acid foliar application compared to other treatments and control. The high values of total stable aggregates were observed incase of humic acid foliar application. Applying bio-fertilizer; humic acid and compost tea on seeds using soaking or foliar application increases significantly the clover yield and yield components except the interaction between treatments and methods of application. Humic acid with foliar application gave the highest values of Egyptian clover yield and yield components as compared by other treatments. The obtained data indicate that the Egyptian clover yield was clearly affected by all treatments under saline soil conditions. The beneficial effects of all treatments compared with control using soaking or foliar application on Egyptian clover yield could be arranged as follows according to the increases in dry yield (ton/fed)of clover: Humic acid > compost tea> Bio-fertilizer > control, for soaked application and humic acid > Bio-fertilizer > compost tea > control, for foliar application.https://jssae.journals.ekb.eg/article_40332_aef1c465577aee45f18a5bef09af574f.pdfMansoura University, Faculty of AgricultureJournal of Soil Sciences and Agricultural Engineering2090-36857920160901Effectiveness of Humic Acid Applicationin Improving Saline Soil Properties and Fodder Beet Production6236344033310.21608/jssae.2016.40333ENHoda AhmedSoils, Water and Environ. Res. Inst., Agric. Res. Center, Giza, Egypt.Fatma IsmailForage Crop, Res. Sec., Field crop, Res., Inst., Agric. Res. Center, Giza, Egypt.Journal Article20160828Two field experiments were carried out at Bahr Hadous drain and El-Salam canal locations in Sahl El-Hossinia , El-Sharkia -Governorate, Egypt, for winter seasons of 2014/2015 and 2015/2016, to study the effect of humic acid application on some physical and chemical soil properties and fodder beet (<em>Beta vulgaris L.)</em> productivity and quality in saline soil conditions irrigated with different water sources i.e. [Bahr Hadoos drainage water and Nile water from El-Salam canal mixed with agricultural drainage (1:1)].The obtained results show a noticeable reduction in soil pH and salinity as a result of treating the soil with humic acid compared to control. The effect is more obvious in case of applying humic acid high rate of (2400 ml/400 L water,T<sub>4</sub>) irrigated with El-Salam canal water than Baher Hados drain water .The soil O.M content and cation exchange capacity values were improved by applying humic acid high rate where soil OM content reached 0.80 and 0.73 % in case of using El-Salam canal and Baher Hados drain water compared with 0.63 and 0.55 % for control treatment, respectively. The highest diameter of dry aggregates was affected by the application of humic acid high rate with El-Salam canal water than Baher Hados drain water .Moreover, the maximum values of total stable aggregates were obtained in case ofhumic acid high rate using El-Salam canal water compared to Baher Hados drain water and control treatments. The data also show that the values of hydraulic conductivity were lowand increased by humic acid application. The highest value of hydraulic conductivity was obtained in case of applying humic acid high rate using El-Salam canal water than Baher Hados drain watercompared to control treatment. Applying humic acid high rate decreased the soil bulk density and increased total soil porosity valuesusingEl-Salam canal water as compared to Baher Hados drain water and control treatments. The maximum values of field capacity and available water were recordedin case of applying humic acid high rate using El-Salam canal than Baher Hados drain water compared to control. The result show an increase in fodder beet yield in all treatments compared to control and was higher in the case of humic acid high rate with El-Salam canal than Baher Hados drain water. Generally, the study recommends using humic acid (2400 ml/400 L water,T<sub>4</sub>) with El-Salam canal or Baher Hados drain which improves soil chemical and physical properties and thus increases the productivity of saline soil.https://jssae.journals.ekb.eg/article_40333_294cca325936b1821b1f49e2e85dd2fd.pdfMansoura University, Faculty of AgricultureJournal of Soil Sciences and Agricultural Engineering2090-36857920160901Developing A Double Purpose Machine Prototype For Rice Transplanting6356444033510.21608/jssae.2016.40335ENA. AbdraboAgric. Eng. Res. Inst. (ARC), Giza, EgyptJournal Article20160829A double purpose machine prototype for rice transplanting was developed, locally manufactured, and evaluated in order to overcome numerous problems which restrict the mechanization of rice transplanting in Egypt. The proposed transplanter is 4 rows planting machine, and propelled on three ground wheels to suit small scale farms. It suits both traditional rice seedlings method, and in trays seedling method. To achieve these machine functions, the developed prototype included two seedling platforms: - one of them is fixed to accomplish the traditional seedlings method, while the other is movable to accomplish the in trays seedling method. The developed prototype was provided with two groups of finger nails to suit both tested transplanting methods. Transplanting performances the machine prototype was tested and evaluated versus of the two seedling platform types, and the two nail finger types, it was also tested versus four transplanting depth levels of (2 – 3 – 5 – 7 cm), and three provided human power levels. These performances were determined, and evaluated in terms of: -machine field capacity, machine transplanting efficiency, longitudinal seedlings spacing and total machinery costs. The gained results revealed that: - the maximum field capacity values were 0.29, and 0.283 fed/h, and the highest transplanting efficiency values were 72 and 68 % as the developed prototype was accomplishing the traditional, and in trays seedling methods respectively. The optimum transplanting depth for operating the locally manufactured transplanter was determined as 5 cm for both seedling methods. The cost of rice transplanting operation using the locally manufactured transplanter under the study is estimated about 101.82 L. E/fed compared with 600 L.E/fed for manual transplanting and 247.96 LE/fed for the imported transplanter.https://jssae.journals.ekb.eg/article_40335_e549636bd19ae0dbacf503acfa14ff3b.pdfMansoura University, Faculty of AgricultureJournal of Soil Sciences and Agricultural Engineering2090-36857920160901Effect of Some Soil Amendments on The mobility of Some Heavy Metal ions in a Contaminated Soil6456494034810.21608/jssae.2016.40348ENH. AhmedSoils and Water Dept., Fac. of Agric. Al- Azhar UniversityT. MosalemSoils and Water Dept., Fac. of Agric. Al- Azhar UniversityE. Abd-El HadySoils and Water Dept., Fac. of Agric. Al- Azhar UniversityA. Abdel-fattahSoils and Water Dept., Fac. of Agric. Al- Azhar UniversityJournal Article20160901An outdoor pot experiment was carried out at the farm of Agriculture Faculty, Al -Azahr University during the winter season of 2015, to study the efficiency of some amendments (palm waste, gypsum and rock phosphate) on the mobility of Fe<sup>2+</sup>, Zn<sup>2+</sup>, Mn<sup>2+</sup>, Cu<sup>2+</sup>, Cd<sup>2+</sup> and Pb<sup>2+</sup>. A composite surface soil sample (0-30cm)was collected from south west of Port Said City. The experiment involved 33 pots comprised 11 treatments with three replicates in a completely randomized design. Plastic pots are used of 18 cm inside diameter 22 cm depth and each contains 2.0 kg dry soil. The soils were well mixed with gypsum and rock phosphate applied at the rates 4, 6 and 8 ton fd<sup>-1</sup>while the soils were well mixed with (palm waste) applied at the rate5 ton fd<sup>-1</sup> for all treatments, and then incubated for 60 days in three replicates, beside the untreated soil (control). During soil incubation the moisture content of the pots was kept at the water field capacity, then-at the end of the period of incubation the soil samples were analyzed for some physical and chemical properties, and content of the heavy metals under investigation (Fe<sup>2+</sup>, Zn<sup>2+</sup>, Mn<sup>2+</sup>, Cu<sup>2+</sup>, Cd<sup>2+</sup> and Pb<sup>2+</sup>). The most important results obtained could be summarized as follows :1- In all treatments pH and ESP values were decreased compared with the control.2-Organic matter, cation exchange capacity, and active calcium carbonate values in the studies soil were increased with increasing the addition of the treatments compared with the control, while bulk density tended to be lower 3-Heavy metal mobility decreased When mixing all of (palm waste, agricultural gypsum and rock phosphate) Generally the results showed the importance of using some amendments such as palm waste, agricultural gypsum and rock phosphate in reducing the mobility of heavy metals (Fe<sup>2+</sup>, Zn<sup>2+</sup>, Mn<sup>2+</sup>, Cu<sup>2+</sup>, Cd<sup>2+</sup> and Pb<sup>2+</sup>) in contaminated soils.https://jssae.journals.ekb.eg/article_40348_1b926f3c3de0ad50291cd9cd73d53ef8.pdfMansoura University, Faculty of AgricultureJournal of Soil Sciences and Agricultural Engineering2090-36857920160901Maize Yield and Quality as Influenced by Different Levels of Phosphorus and Sulphur6516574033010.21608/jssae.2016.40330ENDalia SayedSoils, Water and Environ. Res. Inst., Agric. Res. Center, Giza, EgyptJournal Article20160904Two field experiments were carried out on sandy soils atthe farm of El-Sharawy in EL-Bostan area, Noubariazone, Governorate of Elbeheira(Lat. 30° 43' 22.01" N, Longit. 30° 16' 44.50" E), Egypt, during two summer seasons of 2013 and 2014 on maize plants (c.v. tri- hybrid 354) to study the effects of phosphorus and sulphurapplication rates on yield and grain quality of maize. The experiment was laid out in a split plot design with three replications assigning phosphorus levels in the main plots and sulphur levels in sub-plots. The results of this study revealed that application of phosphorus and sulpher and their combinations had significant effects on most of the studied characters in favor of the combination treatment. Allthe studied characteristics except ear diameter were significantly increased by increasing both P and S fertilizers and the higher rate of 30 kg P<sub>2</sub>O<sub>5</sub>/fed or 150 kg S/fed. resulted in maximum plant height (2.82or 2.71m), cob weight (238 or 220 g), 100-grain weight (38.70 or 36.63g), grain yield (4473 or 4151 kg/ fed) and protein % (12.96 or 12.01) respectively as compared with the other rates . Application of P-fertilizer and sulpher in combination gave higher values and 30 kg P<sub>2</sub>O<sub>5</sub> +150 kg S/fed. Surpassed the other combinations showing that application of 30 kg P<sub>2</sub>O<sub>5</sub>/fed + 150 kg S fed<sup>-1</sup>is a good formula for achieving bettermaize crop with better quality.https://jssae.journals.ekb.eg/article_40330_e078df8e1ddc0957c8ccd0236f2bb82f.pdfMansoura University, Faculty of AgricultureJournal of Soil Sciences and Agricultural Engineering2090-36857920160901Degradation of Chlorinated Organic Pollutants Via Synthesis of Zero Iron Nanoparticles in Aqueous Systems6596634034610.21608/jssae.2016.40346ENS. El TohamySoils, Water and Environment Research Institute, ARC, Giza, EgyptGehan Abd ElazizSoils, Water and Environment Research Institute, ARC, Giza, EgyptShreen AhmedSoils, Water and Environment Research Institute, ARC, Giza, EgyptJournal Article20160906Nanotechnology is a branch with a great potential and boost today. Nano materials are being widely used for the remediation of toxic pollutants. This study evaluates effectively of using commercial zerovalent iron (ZVI) powder and laboratory-synthesized nanoscale zerovalent iron (NZVI) particles unde different conditions (temperatures, time and pH) to eliminate chlorinated organic pollutants as pentaclorophenol (PCP) and trichloroethylene (TCE) from aqueous systems. The effect of pH, temperature, and contact time on chlorinated organic pollutant removal was investigated. The description of produced NZVI particles was done via XRD investigation. The dechlorination of PCP or TCE was measured as an indication of increasing chloride ion. The results showed that the maximum removal of PCP (100%) and TCE (95%) by NZVI could be achieved at lower pH as well as increasing temperature, and increasing time of reaction. Also, the results showed that NZVI was more effective to remove pollutants compared to ZVI powder. The removal effluence by NZVI was increased 21% and 34% for PCP and TCE respectively compared with ZVI powder. Nanoscale zero-valent iron (NZVI) is considered as an excellent reduction catalyst due to fast degradation of chlorinated pollutants. Thus, in future applications where NZVI is used to remediate sites contaminated with chlorinated organic pollutants.https://jssae.journals.ekb.eg/article_40346_9ddbc4d328f8b147a91293649cefe632.pdfMansoura University, Faculty of AgricultureJournal of Soil Sciences and Agricultural Engineering2090-36857920160901Effect of Irrigation Regime on Growth and Yield of Wheat (Triticum aestivum l.) Under Alhasa Conditions6656684032810.21608/jssae.2016.40328ENY. Al-MolhemDepartment of Environment and Natural Resources, Faculty of Agriculture and Food Sciences, King Faisal University, Hofuf, Saudi ArabiaJournal Article20160909Three irrigation water regimes for wheat cv Bro bread, viz. 100%, 80% and 60% ETc were used over three successive seasons (2009/10, 2010/11 and 2011/12) at the Agricultural and Veterinary Research Station of King Faisal University using a randomized complete block design with three replicates. Data were collected on different parameters pertaining to crop agronomic and yield attributes viz. plant population and height, number of tillers, leaf area index (LAI), number of spikelets and grains/spike, 1000-grains weight, harvest index (HI) and total grain yield; as well as water use efficiency (WUE). Obtained results revealed that, watering regime of 60% ETc was statistically (P £ 0.05) inferior in terms of almost all the prescribed parameters. 100% and 80% ETc watering regimes were statistically similar in comparison to their corresponding treatments in all seasons. In addition, the obtained results showed that averaged of watering regime viz. 100, 80 and 60% ETc were 2.90, 2.73 and 2.03 t/ha, respectively. WUE was recorded the highest values (0.42) at 80% ETc watering regime, whereas the lowest (0.36) at 100% ETc. https://jssae.journals.ekb.eg/article_40328_20143a25f967aa620e2befc6157d3537.pdfMansoura University, Faculty of AgricultureJournal of Soil Sciences and Agricultural Engineering2090-36857920160901Utilization of Vinasse and Feldspar as Alternative Sources of Potassium Fertilizers and Their Effect on Some Soil Properties and Crop Yield in Sandy Soils6696754034110.21608/jssae.2016.40341ENWafaa SeddikSoil, Water and Environ. Res. Inst., Agric. Res. Center, Giza, EgyptMona OsmanSoil, Water and Environ. Res. Inst., Agric. Res. Center, Giza, EgyptMona KenawySoil, Water and Environ. Res. Inst., Agric. Res. Center, Giza, EgyptJournal Article20160910A field experiment was carried out for two successive seasons (winter season 2013/2014 and summer season 2014 ) on sandy soil at Ismailia Agric. Res. Station , Ismailia Governorate, Egypt (Latitude, 30<sup>o</sup> 35' 41.901" N and longitude, 32<sup>o</sup> 16' 45.834" E) to investigate the utilization of vinasse and feldspar as alternative sources of potassium fertilizers on crop yield (pea and peanut), nutritional status and some soil properties. Two rates of vinasse V1 (75%) and V2 (100%) and two rates of feldspar mineral F1 (75%) and F2 (100%) from the recommended dose of potassium were used to complete the recommended dose of K fertilizers for pea and peanut crops, combination application of vinasse and feldspare were added as follow; (25 % V+ 75% F), (50% V + 50% F) and (75% V+ 25% F). Results show that available N, P and K in soil increased significantly by increasing the rate of applied vinasse and feldspar mineral. The superior treatment was (75% V + 25 %F), while, the pH values of soil and those of EC and OM % increased. The highest values of EC and OM % being recorded with vinasse (V2) and vinasse combined with feldspar (75% V+ 25% F). Total phenols values increased gradually by increasing the rate of vinasse, as compared to control treatment and decreased gradually with depth, the highest values of total phenols were recorded for the soil surface layer in presence of 100% vinasse alone followed by vinasse combined with feldspar. At the same time, the partially use of vinasse as a K fertilization in sandy soils is not causing any bioaccumulation of phenol compounds in sub soil layers. Results indicated that value of field capacity (FC), wilting point (WP) and available water (AW) increased by application of vinasse and feldspar mineral compared to control treatment at both studied seasons. Also data demonstrated that increasing rates of vinasse and feldspar mineral significantly increased (FC), (WP) and (AW) values. The high rate of vinasse (V2) and feldspar mineral (F2) being superior. Moreover, application of vinasse at rate 75% combined with feldspar at rate 25 % had recorded the highest values of soil moisture characteristics (FC, WP and AW). Moreover, application of vinasse at a rate of 75% combined with feldspar at a rate of 25 % had recorded the highest values of yield components as well as (N, P and K) total contents of grains and straw for both pea and peanut crops as compared to either control or other treatments. The application of vinasse combined with feldspar mineral (75% V+ 25%F) could be considered as a replacement for K- mineral fertilizers in sandy soils.https://jssae.journals.ekb.eg/article_40341_844d3cdd27d67848a6df80ad64d9f62d.pdfMansoura University, Faculty of AgricultureJournal of Soil Sciences and Agricultural Engineering2090-36857920160901Using Biochar as a Soil Conditioner for Improving Chemical Properties of Sandy Soil, Nutritional Status and Wheat Yield Productivity6776864033910.21608/jssae.2016.40339ENMona OsmanSoil, Water and Environ. Res. Inst., Agric. Res. Center, Giza, EgyptJournal Article20160915Two field experiments were carried out during two successive winter seasons 2014/2015 where wheat plants (<em>Triticum aestivum</em> L., CV. Giza 168) was cultivated in sandy soil under sprinkler irrigation system at Ismaillia Agric. Res. Station, ARC. Combined thoroughly mixed biochar , sulfur and organic materials (compost) as soil conditioner along with different rates of nitrogen and phosphorus comprising 18 treatments were applied in a split split design. Chemical properties of sandy soil as well as its nutrients availability, nutritional status, Apparent Nutrients Recovery Efficiency (ANRE) and wheat yield productivity were evaluated. Biochar was added with three rates 1, 2 and 4 ton fed<sup>-1</sup>. Nitrogen was applied with three rates 50%,75% and 100%, where phosphorus rates were 75% and 100% of the recommended dose for wheat. Soil pH was slightly decreased by increasing the rate of biochar application ,while the values of EC, O.M, CEC and availability of N, P and K nutrients increased significantly by increasing the rate of biochar amendment . The application of high rates of biochar along with high rates of both N and P significantly increased the availability of N, P and K as compared to control (without biochar) and other treatments. Similar results were obtained for both tested seasons. All applied treatments increasedsignificantly the total contents of macronutrient over control. Moreover, biochar application combined with N and P rates has a positive effect on plant growth and crop yields. The yield components increased gradually by increasing the rate of N and P application in presence of biochar as compared to control (without biochar), especially in case of the second rate of biochar (2 ton fed<sup>-1</sup>) along with the high rate of N and P (100%) from the recommended dose. Application of second rate of biochar (2 ton fed<sup>-1</sup>) in presence of high rate of N and P ( N3 combined with P2) significantly increased wheat straw and grains. This increase was higher than that existing in case of applying the high rate of biochar (4 ton fed<sup>-1</sup>) . On the other hand, the lowest straw and grains yield was recorded in case of the control treatment (without biochar), similar results were recorded for both tested seasons. Moreover, the calculation of Apparent Nutrients Recovery Efficiency values by wheat crop increased due to the presence of biochar as a soil conditioner as compared to control (without biochar) especially in presence of the second rate of biochar ( 2 ton fed<sup>-1</sup>).Finally, the obtained results indicate that blending biochar with organic materials (compost) along with sulfur in sandy soils prevents the loss of nutrients, improves the soil chemical properties , holds nutrients against leaching , increases the availability of nutrient to plants, increases nutrient use efficiency, maintains the surface sorption and increases the wheat yield productivity.https://jssae.journals.ekb.eg/article_40339_2d311429da9325d4ea3a04d75c293a99.pdfMansoura University, Faculty of AgricultureJournal of Soil Sciences and Agricultural Engineering2090-36857920160901The Role of Sulphur Application and Dicyandiamide Comparing with Mineral Fertilization Npk on Chemical Constituent of Lettuce Plant (Lactuca Sativa L.)6876924034310.21608/jssae.2016.40343ENK. FoudaSoil Sci. Dept., Fac. of Agric., Mansoura Univ., Egypt.Journal Article20160917A field experiment was conducted in a clayey soil at the experimental farm of the Faculty of Agric. El-Mansoura Univ.to study the effect of sulpher (S) application and Dicyandiamide, (DCD) comparing with mineral fertilization of NPK rates on chemical composition of lettuce plant (<em>Lactuca sativa</em> L.) in factorial design. Experiment included 9 treatments which were 3 rates of NPK fertilization (50, 75 and 100% from recommended dose) and 3 treatments of (DCD, S and DCD + S) with 3 replicates. Thus, the total number of the experimental plots was 27 plots.Results indicated that chlorophyll content, N, P, K and S concentrations, NO<sub>3</sub>-N and NO<sub>2</sub>-N content mg.l<sup>-1</sup> as well as available N, P and K mg.l<sup>-1</sup> in leaves were significantly increased due to increasing NPK fertilization rates, and the highest mean values were recorded with adding 100% NPK from recommended dose, while nitrate reducates activity was decreased. The highest average values of mentioned parameters indicated that using mix of (S & DCD) comparing with other treatments except NO<sub>3</sub>-N, and NO<sub>2</sub>-N mg.l<sup>-1</sup> which recorded with adding sulphur. In the same time the effect of interaction among treatments on the traits illustrated that the highest values of all parameters in lettuce were connected with 100% NPK + S + DCD. While, nitrate reducates activity of lettuce recorded the highest mean values with S+DCD+ 50% NPK over the controlhttps://jssae.journals.ekb.eg/article_40343_6017857287815d0e17428766845c1b14.pdfMansoura University, Faculty of AgricultureJournal of Soil Sciences and Agricultural Engineering2090-36857920160901Effect of Bio and Organic Fertilization on Chemical Constituents of Pea Plants and Availability of Npk.6936984034510.21608/jssae.2016.40345ENK. FoudaSoil Sci. Dept., Fac. of Agric., Mansoura Univ., Egypt.Journal Article20160918A field experiment was carried out to evaluate the effects of two sources of organic manures (Farmyard manure and chicken manure) as main plots and 3 levels of Effective Microorganisms (EM) in foliar application (0, 1, 2 L.fed<sup>-1</sup>) as sub-plots on soil characteristics and Pea (<em>Pisum sativum</em> L) chemical constituents. Six treatments were arranged in split block design with 3 replicates. Results indicated that using organic manures as FYM and chicken manure recorded the highest values of chlorophyll content, N PK content, crude protein, total carbohydrates, total sugar and vitamin C. In addition, concentrations of NPK mg kg<sup>-1</sup> soil were significantly increased with using chicken manures. Also, the results showed that the mean values of all mentioned parameters increased with increasing EM at rate of 2L.fed<sup>-1</sup> comparing with the untreated plant. Best results for interaction between the treatments which recorded the highest values were obtained using chicken manure with foliar application of 2L fed<sup>-1 </sup>EM.https://jssae.journals.ekb.eg/article_40345_9395e892e2601a2ca9c5026cf22ed9a3.pdf