Mansoura University, Faculty of AgricultureJournal of Soil Sciences and Agricultural Engineering2090-36855120140101RESPONSE OF SEED IRRADIATION WITH GAMMA RAY, N-FERTILIZATION AND BIkO FERTILIZATION OF BARLEY (Hordeum vulgare L.) GROWN ON A SAND SOIL1184878510.21608/jssae.2014.48785ENA. M. HelmySoil Sci. Dept., Fac. of Agric., Zagazig Univ., Zagazig, EgyptJournal Article20131225Seed irradiation during pre-sowing processes is one of the most effective methods to increase plant growth, yield components and its chemical composition. A three factor split-split plot, factorial experiment was conducted on barley to study seed irradiation, biofertilization with N<sub>2 </sub>fixing bacteria (NFB), P-dissolving bacteria (PDB) and N fertilization in the Agricultural Research Station of El-Zagazig University at El-Khattara region, El-Sharkia Governorate, Egypt during 2009/2010 season. Main plots were assigned to gamma irradiation: non-radiated, 20 and 40 Gy gamma radiations. Sub-plots were assigned to N: 0, 119, 238 and298 kg N ha<sup>-1</sup>. Sub–sub plots were assigned to biofertilization: none<em>,</em> (<em>Azospirillum lipoferum</em> + <em>Bacillus polymxa </em>“NFB1”), (<em>Azospirillium braselence</em> + <em>Azotobacter chroccocum </em>“NFB2”+<em>Bacillus megatherium </em>“PDB”) and NFB1 + NFB2 + PDB. The NFB1 was given in a commercial product of “Cerealin” while (NFB2 + PDB) was in a product of Microbin. Barley yield and yield components as well as N, P and K content and uptake increased by gamma irradiation, N rates and biofertilization singly or combined. Number of spike <em>per</em> m<sup>2</sup>, grain weight <em>per</em> spike, yields of: grains + straw, grains and straw increased also, highest response occurred by N238 + (Cerealin + Microbin) with 40Gy gamma ray. The highest straw yield was observed due to N179 + (Cerealin + Microbin) with 40Gy gamma ray. Treatment of N179 + Cerealin with 40Gy gamma ray gave highest N-uptake in straw, as well as P-uptake in grains and straw. Protein content and protein yield increased by treatments especially with increasing N rate up to N298 + Microbin + 20Gy and gave highest protein content. Nitrogen use efficiency (NHI) was increased with increasing N rates up to N238 followed by decrease at N298.https://jssae.journals.ekb.eg/article_48785_0d88562f9c879c126e8869f36d00d0fd.pdfMansoura University, Faculty of AgricultureJournal of Soil Sciences and Agricultural Engineering2090-36855120140101A PROTOTYPE CULTIVATOR TO SUIT UTILIZING PIECES OF RICE STRAW FOR WEEDS CONTROL19304879210.21608/jssae.2014.48792ENM. A. ShetewyChairman of Agric. Structures and environmental control Eng. Dept. Fac. of Agric., Al-Azhar Univ.T. H. El-ShabrawyDept. Fac. of Agric., Al-Mansoura Univ.R. G. SalimAgric. Eng. Res. Inst. Agric. Res. centerJournal Article20131228Disposal of agricultural waste such as rice straw, as well as weed control are among the most common problems faced Egyptian farmers. Where using the chemical control of weeds and the burning of rice straw cause serious damage to the environment. This study was achieved on tomato crop because of considering one of the most important vegetable crops in Egypt and the most sensitive to the growth of weeds that is essential breadwinner of the white fly, which publishes serious viral diseases of the crop. The main objectives of this study were to search the effect of adding rice straw pieces while cultivating operation. To obtain this aim manufacture of cultivator consists of two units, the first one (front four shares, two protector disks), the second adding rice straw pieces unit (hopper, feeding drum, directing tube and press wheel). Where the rice straw is biodegradable material, Cover rice straw pieces as mulches on ridge bottom avoiding tomato rows and the improving the profile of ridge bottom are a suitable choice for sustainable agriculture because they improve weed control and tomato crop performance. Also to investigate weed control and improving by using rice straw pieces cover. The rice straw pieces were the effective cover crop for suppressing weeds. After preparing the rice straw to suitable pieces aboveground biomass was placed in strips as dead mulch into which the tomato was transplanted in one row. Weed density and total weed aboveground biomass were assessed after15 and 30 days from tomato transplanting to evaluate the effect of cultivating with adding of rice straw pieces on weed control. The adding of rice straw pieces suppressed weeds in density and aboveground biomass compared to the conventional system. to evaluate the proto type manufactured cultivator, The equipment was tested under different operating conditions, at lengths of rice straw pieces (1.8, 2.5, 3.7 and 4.1 cm) rotor speed (63.7, 75.4, and 84.1 rpm) and three depths of press wheel (2, 3 and 4 cm). The results showed that the optimum length of rice straw pieces of 1.8 cm, rotor speed 84.1 rpm and depth of cultivating press wheel was 4.1 cm respectively due to its ability to level soil loosening, weed control, and ridge forming between rows and reconsolidate the soil led to improving of tomato crop yield.https://jssae.journals.ekb.eg/article_48792_a1d47654c510ed31ffa3b4f390643359.pdfMansoura University, Faculty of AgricultureJournal of Soil Sciences and Agricultural Engineering2090-36855120140101FOOD INDUSTRIES WASTE AS A VALUABLE SOURCE OF LIQUID ORGANIC FERTILIZER AND THEIR EFFECTS ON IMPROVING SALINE CALCAREOUS SOIL AND PLANTS31504878710.21608/jssae.2014.48787ENShreen S. AhmedSoils, Water and Environment Research Institute, ARC, Giza, EgyptA. H. FahmyAgricultural Genetic Engineering Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center, EgyptJournal Article20140101The objective of this work is toassess the suitability of utilizing food industry wastes (molasses yeast and lemon waste) to produce natural liquid organic fertilizer and evaluation their effects on plants grown on saline calcareous soil.A preliminary experiment was conducted at the greenhouse of Agricultural Research Centre (ARC) at El-Giza Governorate, Egypt. This experiment was carried out to test the effect of molasses yeast or lemon waste extract on the growth of maize ( <em>zea maize</em>) during the summer season of 2011 followed with barley (<em>Hordeum vulgare</em>) during the winter season of 2011/2012. The field experiment was carried out to verifying the effect of molasses yeast or lemon waste extract on maize plants. The experiment was carried out at the experimental farm of Nubareia Research Station ARC. (El-Behira Governorate), Egypt. Grains of maize were sown in summer growing season of 2012. The obtained results showed that applying both molasses yeast or lemon waste extract to soil increases the amount of soil organic matter and decreases the ECe of the soil. Avery slightly differences were observed in pH and CaCO<sub>3</sub> % of soil. There is a positive effect of both molasses yeast or lemon waste on the growth of field crops. The application of molasses yeast and lemon extract significantly increased grain and straw yield as well as improved nutritional values of grain, i-e., total carbohydrates, crude protein, oil %, total amino acids, organic acids, and hormones. The efficiencies of molasses yeast or lemon waste extract as a fertilizer or as amendments compared to control treatment are very different. There was excellent potential to obtain a natural fertilizer and amendment using molasses yeast. On the other hand, the best results of lemon waste extract were obtained as amendment only.https://jssae.journals.ekb.eg/article_48787_3f680cdceb7064911317fb90bab1ee87.pdfMansoura University, Faculty of AgricultureJournal of Soil Sciences and Agricultural Engineering2090-36855120140101BENEFITS OF AGRICULTURAL WASTE FORM RICE PLANT 2: COMPARATIVE ABSORPTION OF SPILL OIL FROM FRESH AND MARINE WATER USING RICE STRAW51634878810.21608/jssae.2014.48788ENShreen S. AhmedSoils, Water and Environment Research Institute, ARC, Giza, EgyptGehan H. Abd El AzizSoils, Water and Environment Research Institute, ARC, Giza, EgyptJournal Article20140102Spill oil released to fresh and marine environment through accidental spillage pipes, tankers, ships, offshore platforms. In general wherever oil is produced, transported, stored and used there will be the risk of a spillage. The presence of dissolved crude oil in water aquatic life causes serious damage to the environment and marine life. Treatment of oil spills remains a challenge to environmental scientists and technologists. Nowadays natural sorbents are applied as a single solution for oil spills since this technique is effective, rapid and cost saving for cleaning these pollutions and reduce environmental hazards. This study was carried out to investigate the potential of raw rice straw to remove the spill oil. In this respect an attempt was done to provide an efficient, easily deployable method of cleaning up oil spills and reusing of the oil again. It is important to provide a safe system for oil removal and recovery. The results presented and discussed in this work pointed the efficiencies of different sizes and weights of rice straw in removing of oil spill are very different. Removal of oil spill from polluted water (marine or fresh) using different size of rice straw was observed in the following order: medium > small > very small > long. Removal of oil spill from polluted water (marine or fresh) using different weights of rice straw was observed in the following order: 10.0 g > 8.0 g > 6.0 g > 12.0 g > 4.0 g > 2.0 g. Rice straw at 10.0 g weight achieved a maximum removal of oil spill. It will provide a cheap way of cleaning oily contaminated water and environment, thus safeguarding human health and aquatic life.https://jssae.journals.ekb.eg/article_48788_0b465def373bffdfd6320262205150e2.pdfMansoura University, Faculty of AgricultureJournal of Soil Sciences and Agricultural Engineering2090-36855120140101CHEMICAL AND BIOLOGICAL APPROACHES FOR IMPROVING WHEAT PRODUCTIVITY UNDER SALINE SODIC SOIL CONDITIONS65754879410.21608/jssae.2014.48794ENH. H. AbbasFac. of Agric. Benha Univ. Egypt.M. E. AliFac. of Agric. Benha Univ. Egypt.Kh. A. ShabanSoil, Water and Environ . Inst. , ARC., Giza, Egypt.M. I. MohasebSoil, Water and Environ . Inst. , ARC., Giza, Egypt.Journal Article20140107The current work represents a trial towards improving wheat productivity grown on a saline sodic soil in El-Tina plain, North Sinai. Fulfilling such an objective was executed through three approaches all of them aim at increasing the plant tolerance for salinity. The first approach involved supplying the plant with its N requirement from different sources i.e. readily available N (urea), slow release N fertilizers i.e. urea formaldehyde and sulfur coated urea each at a rate of 114 kg N ha<sup>-1</sup> beside of a compost of plant residues at a rate of > 119 mg ha<sup>-1</sup>. The second approach involved inoculating the wheat seeds with <em>Azospirillium brasilence</em> No. 40 (salt tolerant bacteria) while the third approach involved spraying the grown plants with the growth osmoregulator proline at a rate of 950 L ha<sup>-1</sup> ( 30 mg proline L<sup>-1</sup> ). Results revealed that the studied approached could succeed when applied solely in increasing wheat yield and its attributes, however, the combined treatment of applying compost, inoculation with <em>Azospirillium</em> sp and spraying the grown plants with proline was extremely important for maximizing grain yield and increasing uptake of the different nutrtive elements i.e. N, P, K, Fe, Mn and Zn.https://jssae.journals.ekb.eg/article_48794_a0e7bf4f0979c0cd733941cdfd55e591.pdfMansoura University, Faculty of AgricultureJournal of Soil Sciences and Agricultural Engineering2090-36855120140101RESPONSE OF MAIZE CROP TO IRRIGATION UNDER DIFFERENT RATES AND DOSES OF NITROGEN FERTILIZATION IN THE NORTH NILE DELTA REGION77924879010.21608/jssae.2014.48790ENM. A. AiadSoils, Water and Environment Res. Inst, Agric. Res. Center, Giza, Egypt.E. A. MoursiSoils, Water and Environment Res. Inst, Agric. Res. Center, Giza, Egypt.R. A. El-DissokySoils, Water and Environment Res. Inst, Agric. Res. Center, Giza, Egypt.M. M. AmerSoils, Water and Environment Res. Inst, Agric. Res. Center, Giza, Egypt.Journal Article20140111Two field trials were carried out at the Experimental Farm, Sakha Agricultural Research Station, Kafr El-Sheikh Governorate during the two successive summer growing seasons of 2012 and 2013. The research aimed to study the effect of irrigation at different soil moisture depletion (I<sub>1</sub>: at 45%, I<sub>2</sub>: at 60% and I<sub>3</sub>: at 75% depletion of available soil moisture, respectively), nitrogen rates (N<sub>1</sub>: 60, N<sub>2</sub>: 90 and N<sub>3</sub>: 120 kg N fed<sup>-1</sup>) and doses number of nitrogen application (D<sub>1</sub>: one dose, D<sub>2</sub>: two equal doses and D<sub>3</sub>: three equal doses) on maize yield and its components, nitrogen uptake by plants, N-use efficiency and some water relations. The experimental design was split split plot with three replicates, the main plots were for irrigation treatments, where the sub plots were for N-rates and the sub-sub plots were for doses number of N application.
<strong>The main results can be summarized as follows:</strong>
Irrigation at 75 % depletion of available soil moisture (I<sub>3</sub>) decreased seasonal water applied, water consumptive use and water stored in the effective root zone by 18.08, 16.78, and 17.02%, respectively compared with irrigation at 45% depletion. Also, the highest means of water productivity (WP) and productivity of irrigation water (PIW) were 1.95 and 1.24 kg/m<sup>3</sup>, respectively with irrigation at 60 % depletion (I<sub>2</sub>).
Irrigation at 60% depletion (I<sub>2</sub>) recorded the highest mean of water application efficiency (89.60%), whereas the irrigation orders was I<sub>2</sub>> I<sub>3</sub>>I<sub>1</sub>.
Irrigation at 45% depletion (I<sub>1</sub>) recorded the highest mean for grain yield (3.363 ton fed<sup>-1</sup>), stalks yield (9.313 ton fed<sup>-1</sup>), weight of 100 grains (43.899g) and ear weight (316.119g).
Application of N-rate N<sub>3</sub> recorded the highest means of grain yield (3.507 ton fed<sup>-1</sup>), straw yield (9.56 ton fed<sup>-1</sup>), weight of 100 grains (43.176g) and ear weight (310.948g), respectively.
Application of N-rate at three doses (D<sub>3</sub>), recorded the highest means of grain yield (3.585 ton fed<sup>-1</sup>), straw yield (9.216 ton fed<sup>-1</sup>), weight of 100 grains (43.466g) and ear weight (315.202g).
Irrigation at 45% depletion (I<sub>1</sub>) recorded the highest mean of N-uptake for grains and stalks.
Application of nitrogen rates increased N-uptake for maize grains and stalks up to N<sub>3</sub>.
Increased the doses number of N application increased N-uptake for maize grains and stalks up to D3 (three equal doses).
The values of NUE increased by 15.65% with splitting N-rate into three doses compared with application at one dose, but decreased with increasing application N-rate and irrigation at 75 % depletion.
Most of interactions among irrigation, nitrogen rates and doses number of N application showed significant effect on grain yield and its components and N-uptake in both maize grains and stalks, and positive effect on N-use efficiencyhttps://jssae.journals.ekb.eg/article_48790_1cd71af8110b88d30c876c068902cf6b.pdfMansoura University, Faculty of AgricultureJournal of Soil Sciences and Agricultural Engineering2090-36855120140101MONITORING THE RISKS OF TRACE ELEMENTS IN SOIL, WATER AND PLANTS AS A RESULT OF INCREASING POPULATION AND HUMAN ACTIVITIES ALONG WITH MANSORIA CANAL931054878910.21608/jssae.2014.48789ENSamira E. MahrousSoils, Water and Environment Research Institute, ARC, Giza, EgyptShreen S. AhmedSoils, Water and Environment Research Institute, ARC, Giza, EgyptMervat A. HamedSoils, Water and Environment Research Institute, ARC, Giza, EgyptTamer M. SalemSoils, Water and Environment Research Institute, ARC, Giza, EgyptJournal Article20140116Mansoria canal is one of the important irrigation canals along in west Cairo, Egypt. Most soils surrounded this canal irrigated from it, which consequently receives large quantities of low water quality due to human activities. The current study aimed to monitoring soil, grown plants and irrigation water along Mansoria canal from Abu Nomros area up to Riah El-Nassery and their effects on human health impacts. To attain these goals, soil, irrigation water and grown plant samples were collected along the study area, and their contents of micronutrients and some heavy metals <em>i.e.,</em> Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Mn, Ni, Pb and Zn were determined. The results revealed that the available content of trace elements in soil locations under study was lower than the pollution values with the exception of Cr, Cu and Pb. Moreover, Mn, Cr, Zn and Cu were found at high concentrations in most plants exceeding the permissible ones, while other elements were recorded high concentration values than the permissible limits only in some plants. To predict the impacts on human health live in these areas during period of time, risk assessment of human health equations were conducted based on plant and soil ingestion beside of the dermal contact. The results indicated that Zn, Mn, Cr and Pb in all grown plants can possess health threat for children; whereas Cd shows a serious health impacts for children when feeding on cauliflower, cabbage, white potatoes and onion. Cobalt also might cause adverse health effects for children when feeding on pepper, lettuce, peanut, wheat grain and orange, while Cu may has a health impacts on children feeding all grown plants with the exception of cauliflower. No health impacts were expected for adults feeding these plants, with the exception of Cr and Zn in case of white potatoes and Cr, Cu, Mn and Zn in case of wheat grains. Finally, it must be kept in mind that some of grown plants which produced from contaminated areas might not be suitable for children consumption and has a negative impact on their health.https://jssae.journals.ekb.eg/article_48789_1614d36e4814e8b4c9e561f39b2842c5.pdfMansoura University, Faculty of AgricultureJournal of Soil Sciences and Agricultural Engineering2090-36855120140101sMANUFACTURING A NEW DEVICE SUIT FOR MECHANICAL CONTROL WATER-HYACINTH PLANTS.1071194878610.21608/jssae.2014.48786ENA.E. ElyamaniAgric. Eng. Res, Inst.,ARC,Dokki,Giza, Egypt.R.M. EL- MarhomyAgric. Eng. Res, Inst.,ARC,Dokki,Giza, Egypt.S.A. ShalabeyAgric. Eng. Res, Inst.,ARC,Dokki,Giza, Egypt.Journal Article20140119Anew prototype device for mechanical control water-hyacinth plants must be adapted using local materials. The attempt was to get rid of water-hyacinth plants from small canals and waterways through season 2013 at El-Shakeiloba village, El-berolos lake, Kafr El-Sheikh Governorate. It was evaluated under different conditions included machine forward speed, gathering reel speed and mean of water level height on field capacity, productivity, gathering efficiency, chopping efficiency, power consumption and operation cost. The results showed that the new prototype device produced maximum of field capacity and productivity of 49.93 m²/min and 6.017 Mg/h recorded with forward speed of 0.5 m/s, gathering reel speed of 0.94 m/s and water level height more than 150 cm. Meanwhile, maximum value of gathering efficiency was 98.82% and minimum value of machine losses was 1.18 % recorded with forward speed of 0.26 m/s, gathering reel speed of 0.94 m/s and water level height more than 150 cm. Besides, maximum of chopping efficiency was 87.41% recorded with forward speed of 0.26 m/s, and gathering reel speed of 0.56 m/s . Whereas, minimum value of power consumption and operation cost were 10.285 kW and 24.55 L.E/h respectively, recorded with forward speed of 0.26 m/s, gathering reel speed of 0.56 m/s and water level height more than 150 cm.https://jssae.journals.ekb.eg/article_48786_55d8287e706ce1e456b5080b3418042d.pdf