Mansoura University, Faculty of AgricultureJournal of Soil Sciences and Agricultural Engineering2090-368511320200301Sawdust Machine Prototype for Utilizing Wood Waste and Trees Pruning Products67728599010.21608/jssae.2020.85990ENNabil ShabanElkaoudFaculty of Agricultural Engineering, Al-Azhar University, Assiut, EgyptJournal Article20200429This research aims to manufacture and test the sawdust machine for utilizing wooden waste and trees-branches. The results of preliminary tests revealed that the machine achieved a satisfactory performance by using (N<sub>k</sub>) = six knives. The test results of the produced sawdust analysis show that the percentage of the particle size which greater than 25 mm is directly proportional to M.C. At using E<sub>L2</sub> = 4 mm, more than 80 % f sawdust produced will be almost similar sizes (particle sizes less than 25 mm and greater than 2.54 mm). It is recommended to use E<sub>L2</sub> = 4 mm to produce a uniform size sawdust nearly. The minimum value of the machine productivity was 62 kg/hr at M.C.<sub>1</sub> = 9.3 % using E<sub>L1</sub> = 2 mm and N<sub>d1</sub><strong> = </strong>1500 rpm. While the maximum value of the machine productivity was 198 kg/hr at M.C.<sub>3</sub> = 21.8 % using E<sub>L3</sub> = 6 mm and N<sub>d3</sub><strong> = </strong>2100 rpm. Also, the results indicated that the required power to operate the machine increased by increasing N<sub>d</sub>, E<sub>L</sub> and M.C. The minimum value of the required power was 0.8 kW at M.C.<sub>1</sub> = 9.3 % using E<sub>L1</sub> = 2 mm and N<sub>d1</sub><strong> = </strong>1500 rpm. While the maximum value of the required power was 3.2 kW at M.C.<sub>3</sub> = 21.8 % using E<sub>L3</sub> = 6 mm and N<sub>d3</sub><strong> = </strong>2100 rpm. The total costs for operating the machine and the production cost were 16.4 L.E./h and 82.8 L.E./Mg respectively under the same operating conditions.Mansoura University, Faculty of AgricultureJournal of Soil Sciences and Agricultural Engineering2090-368511320200301Assessment of Water Balance and Traditional Surface Irrigation Practices in the Northern Nile Delta73808700510.21608/jssae.2020.87005ENA. M.AlyWater Management Research Institute, National Water Research Center, Delta Barrage, P.C 13621/5, Egypt,M. H.RadyWater Management Research Institute, National Water Research Center, Delta Barrage, P.C 13621/5, Egypt,M. El-FetyanyWater Management Research Institute, National Water Research Center, Delta Barrage, P.C 13621/5, Egypt,M. A. M.MoursyWater Management Research Institute, National Water Research Center, Delta Barrage, P.C 13621/5, Egypt,Journal Article20200505Water balance analysis helps in managing water supply. Therefore, matching between water supply and demand is very important to overcome water shortage.This study aims at presenting comprehensive analysis to understand the nature of operating system in the traditional surface irrigation systems aiming to establish a comprehensive analysis to sustain the irrigation system, considering the problems of water supply, inequity, water quality deterioration, and poor irrigation and drainage management. Analysis in this study was done in two hubs. Firstly, study the parameters affecting water supply and demand; secondly, assessing water availability, adequacy, equity and distribution of irrigation during 24 hours’ cycle.The study area is located in Kafr El-Dawar irrigation district, El-Beheira governorate in the western part of the Nile Delta.The findings show that the differences in water balance per feddan (feddan is an Egyptian land unit equals 4206 m<sup>2</sup>) at all tertiary canals (meskas) are small; At the head of the canals, no night irrigation or drainage water reuse events during the irrigation seasons were observed; and the irrigation rotation is irregular. These findings elaborate that the location on the canal and the presence of subsurface drainage are mainly affecting the water balance in the study area.Mansoura University, Faculty of AgricultureJournal of Soil Sciences and Agricultural Engineering2090-368511320200301Utilizing Sustainable Land Management Model for Sustainability Index Assessment in El-Minufiya Governorate, Egypt81908700710.21608/jssae.2020.87007ENHeba S. A.RashedSoil and Water Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Moshtohor, Benha University, EgyptJournal Article20200505This study aims to assess Sustainable Land Management Index (SLMI) for the soils in El-Minufiya Governorate through five indices (productivity index, security index, protection index, economic viability index and social acceptability index). The studied area, lies between latitudes 31° 5' and 31° 25' N and longitudes 30° 10' and 30° 40' E, and occupied 217160 hectares. The two Nile branches (Rosetta and Damietta branches) pass the Governorate. Thus, the land use in rural areas of the Governorate is mainly agriculture. The area included two landscapes; Flood plain and Aeolian plain. Soils in the investigated area were classified under one soil order, Entisols and classified as Typic Torrifluvents, Vertic Torrifluvents and Typic Torripsamments. Fifteen soil profiles were dug to represent El-MinufiyaGovernorate soils. An SLMI model was designed using the spatial geoprocessing tools of ArcGIS by integration between biophysical, socioeconomic and environmental factors for soils of each mapping unit. Four SLMI classes were outlined; the overflowmantles, overflow basins mapping units (Class I) representing 24.1 % (52333 ha) of the total area, the river levees,decantation basins, high river terraces, moderate river terraces and low river terraces mapping units (Class II) covering 48.3% (104991 ha) of the total area, turtle backs mapping unit (Class III) occupying 0.3% (642 ha) of total area and Class (IV) that not meeting sustainability found in sand sheets mapping unit occupying 16.7% (36255 ha) of the total area.Mansoura University, Faculty of AgricultureJournal of Soil Sciences and Agricultural Engineering2090-368511320200301Desalination of Brackish Water Utilizing Air Gap Membrane Distillation at Two Different Cooling Water Levels91988700910.21608/jssae.2020.87009ENM. A. E. R.Abu-ZeidDepartment of Agricultural Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, 41522, Egypt.X. LuSchool of Material Science and Engineering.Journal Article20200505In this work, the effect of two different cooling temperatures (T<sub>c</sub>) on the permeate flux (F<sub>p</sub>) and thermal efficiency (η) of air gap membrane distillation (AGMD) module was studied experimentally. All data were described statistically in terms of means, standard error for means (SE), standard deviation (SD) and coefficient of variation (C.V.). Data were subjected to the analyses of the variance (ANOVA) and multivariate analysis to test the significant effect of different feed and designs at <em>p</em>f) and flow rates (M<sub>f</sub>). Experimental results revealed that the percentage of AGMD permeate flux was reduced by 4.71%, 4.98%, 7.51%, 1.84%, 2.71%, 8.20%, 2.25% and 4.42% at increasing cooling temperature from 10 to 20 <sup>o</sup>C, respectively, in case of flow rate (M<sub>f</sub>) of 2.0 and 4.0 L/m (temperature T<sub>f </sub>of 50 <sup>o</sup>C), 6.0 and 8.0 L/m (temperature T<sub>f</sub> of 50, 60 and 70 <sup>o</sup>C) due to lowering the temperature and vapor pressure differences between the hot and the cold feed at both sides of the membrane (ΔT<sub>cross</sub>=T<sub>1</sub>-T<sub>4</sub>). Regarding thermal efficiency (η), an opposite result was obtained whereas the thermal efficiency was improved significantly at increasing cooling temperature from 10 to 20 <sup>o</sup>C at all different operating conditions. The rate of increasing in thermal efficiency were around 1.26, 1.29, 1.15 and 1.27 times at flow rate M<sub>f</sub> of 2 L/m and different temperature T<sub>f</sub> of 50, 60, 70 and 80 <sup>o</sup>C, respectively.