Mansoura University, Faculty of AgricultureJournal of Soil Sciences and Agricultural Engineering2090-368591020181001Water Quality Assessment of Agricultural Drains for Irrigation in Northern Delta of Egypt4394453628910.21608/jssae.2018.36289ENOm-Mohamed KhafagyEcology and Botany Department - AL-Azhar University - Egypt.E. KhafagySoil, Water and Inveronmental Research Institute- Agriculture Research Center – Egypt.M. AbdelsatarSoil, Water and Inveronmental Research Institute- Agriculture Research Center – Egypt.Mona GabrEcology and Botany Department - AL-Azhar University - Egypt.Journal Article20180919The amount of water available to Egypt is limited and present water demands approaches that limit. For this reason, plans were suggested to re-use agricultural drainage water directly or often mixing with fresh water to extend the limited water supplies. The indiscriminate use of drainage water for irrigation as a result of freshwater shortage could impair soil functions and cause environmental pollution. This study aims to evaluate the suitability of wastewater from different sources, for irrigation purposes in the Northern Nile Delta of Egypt. Therefore, this study was carried out on three water drainage sources El- Gamalia , El-Serw and El-Harna drain with El-Shoka canal as a fresh water source as the control along a year starting from May 2016 to February 2018. The EC, SAR and the concentration of some macronutrients and some heavy elements in the water of all sources are evaluated. Water EC and SAR value increased slightly from upstream to downstream of all irrigation sources in the study area. The quality of study drainage water from drains belongs to C3 S1 and C4 S1 classes and could be re-use in irrigation purpose under special management, while the water from El-Shoka canal belongs to C2 S1 in the study area. Phosphorus concentration in sample water from El-Gamalia drain only was greater than 2 mg L<sup>-1</sup>, which indicate this water can’t be used for irrigation purpose. Also, Nitrate –N concentrations in water samples from El-Gamalia drain only was between 5-30 mg L<sup>-1</sup>, therefore there is a slight to moderate degree of restriction when using this water in irrigation. While heavy metal ions concentration (Ni, Co and Cd) was greater than permissible levels at all selected water samples, except water samples from El-Shoka canal from a distance of 0 km to 4 km. While, Pb concentration was less than the critical limits (5 mg L<sup>-1</sup>). The conclusion from this study could be re-used of drainage water from drains of the northern delta of Egypt for irrigation purpose under special management.Mansoura University, Faculty of AgricultureJournal of Soil Sciences and Agricultural Engineering2090-368591020181001Growth, Yield, Bulb Quality and Storability of Garlic (Allium sativum L.) as Affected by Using Poultry Manure, Sulphur and Different Levels of Phosphorus Fertilizer4474593628810.21608/jssae.2018.36288ENBasma RashwanPlant Nutrition Dept., Soil, Water and Environ. Res. Inst., Agric. Res. Center, Giza, EgyptM. AliHorticulture Dept., Fac. Agric. New Valley Branch, Assiut University, EgyptH. FerweezFood Sci. and Techno. Dept., Fac. Agric. New Valley Branch, Assiut University, EgyptJournal Article20180922An important bulb vegetable is garlic with several nutritional and medicinal benefits (Anti-infective properties such as anti-cancer). Poultry manure is an ecofriendly, economically viable and considered a suitable solution for overcoming environmental pollution and to improve soil fertility and also increase the qualitative and quantitative of garlic (<em>Allium sativum </em>L.). So, this work was conducted at Mallawi Agriculture Research Station, Minia governorate, Egypt, as well as Laboratories of Horticulture and Food Science Departments, Faculty of Agriculture, New Valley Branch, Assuit University during two winter seasons of 2015/2016 and 2016/2017 to study the influence of poultry manure, sulphur and different levels of phosphorus fertilizer on growth, yield and its components, bulb quality as well as bulb storability of garlic cv. Egaseed 1. The obtained results revealed that there were a significant effect for poultry manure, sulphur and different levels of phosphorus fertilizer on the remaining nutrients such as N, P, K (ppm) and organic matter percentage (OM %) in the soil postharvest, growth, yield and its components, bulb quality, plant nutrient status and uptake of N, P, K and S kg fed.<sup>-1</sup> and storability (weight loss %) of garlic blub. The study revealed that application of 5 ton fed.<sup>-1</sup> of poultry manure and 100 kg fed.<sup>-1</sup> of sulphur and 60 kg P<sub>2</sub>O<sub>5</sub> fed.<sup>-1 </sup>wa<em>s </em>the best treatment, because it recorded the higher values of the remaining nutrients, i.e., N, P (ppm) and OM % in the soil postharvest, the highest values of fresh total yield (6.45 and 6.75 ton fed.<sup>-1</sup>) and bulb yield (5.62 and 5.78 ton fed.<sup>-1</sup>), highest values of blub quality (dry matter, total soluble solids, carbohydrates, protein, lipids and ash) percentages, the lowest values of nitrite and nitrate contents (mg kg<sup>-1</sup> FW) as well as the lowest values of weight loss percentage of garlic blub during the storage period for 8 months in the 1<sup>st</sup> and 2<sup>nd</sup> seasons, respectively, would be suitable economical, productivity, quality, storability and health for garlic production in Egypt under experimental conditions. <em> </em>Mansoura University, Faculty of AgricultureJournal of Soil Sciences and Agricultural Engineering2090-368591020181001Effect of Titanium Dioxide on Lettuce Plants Grown on Sandy Soil4614663629010.21608/jssae.2018.36290ENA. El-GhamrySoils Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Mansoura University, Mansoura, EgyptDina GhaziSoils Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Mansoura University, Mansoura, EgyptZ. MousaSoils Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Mansoura University, Mansoura, EgyptJournal Article20180924The titanium role in plants nutrition is not so far fully clear. Many positive beneficial influences and a few adverse influences of titanium addition are described in literature. The purpose of this investigation is to study the effect of different rates of Ti soil application on the plant growth parameters, chemical constituents, quality parameters and elements concentration in the soil after harvesting of lettuce plants grown on sandy soil with irrigation by H. Cooper’s nutrient solution during the winter season of 2017/2018. The experimental design was randomize complete block with four replicates for each treatment. The titanium application rates were: (T<sub>1</sub>) 0 ppm, (T<sub>2</sub>) 25ppm, (T<sub>3</sub>) 50 ppm and (T<sub>4</sub>) 75ppm, added as Titanium dioxide (TiO<sub>2</sub>). The results showed that, the values of all studied growth parameters of lettuce plant significantly increased with raising of titanium addition from 0.0 to 25 ppm and then significantly decreased with any increase in titanium dioxide. The same trend was found for N, P, K, Fe, carotein, vitamin C, chlorophyll a, b and total chlorophyll. On the contrary, of above trend; sharply and significantly decreases were happened in the mean values of nitrate (NO<sub>3</sub>-N) and nitrite (NO<sub>2</sub>-N) in lettuce leaves. For Ti concentration, the values significantly increased with increasing Ti application rates. Mansoura University, Faculty of AgricultureJournal of Soil Sciences and Agricultural Engineering2090-368591020181001Response of Lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) to Foliar Spray Using Nano-Urea Combined with Mycorrhiza4674723629110.21608/jssae.2018.36291ENM. Abdel-SalamDepartment of Soil and Water Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Benha University, Egypt.Journal Article20180924A factorial randomized complete block field experiment was carried out on lettuce (<em>Lactuca sativa var. longifolia cv. </em>Balady), grown on a heavy clay <em>torrifluvent</em> soil during two successive seasons (2016/2017 and 2017/2018) at the farm of the Faculty of Agriculture, Moshtohor, Benha University to study foliar application with nano-urea and biofertilization using Vesicular Arbusclar mycorrhiza (VAM). Factor 1 included 2 treatments: none (B<sub>0</sub>) and VAM (B<sub>1</sub>); Factor 2 included 5 treatments: no urea spray (spray with water) (N<sub>0</sub>), spray with ordinary urea at 5000 mg N L<sup>-1</sup> (N<sub>1</sub>), spray with nano-urea at 2500 mg N L<sup>-1</sup> (N<sub>2</sub>), 3750 mg N L<sup>-1</sup> (N<sub>3</sub>) and 5000 mg N L<sup>-1</sup>(N<sub>4</sub>). Spray was in 3 times 30, 40 and 50 days after transplant at a rate of 1200 L ha<sup>-1</sup>each time. All growth parameters of plant height, number of leaves plant<sup>-1</sup>, fresh and plant dry weight increased by N or VAM singly or combined. Highest positive response occurred in plant height as well as weight and given by N<sub>3</sub>B<sub>1</sub>. All nano-urea treatments surpassed the ordinary one, particularly the middle nano rate. The highest nano rate seemed excessive since N<sub>3</sub> did not continue to score further increase. Contents on N, P and K increased by nano-urea. NO<sub>3</sub>-N increased progressively with increased application of urea, and the increase progressed with increased rate of nano-urea. The nano application proved practical and more efficient since a concentration of as low as 2500 mg N L<sup>-1</sup> proved superior to that of 5000 and mg N L<sup>-1</sup> ordinary urea N.Mansoura University, Faculty of AgricultureJournal of Soil Sciences and Agricultural Engineering2090-368591020181001Remediation of a Pb-Contaminated Soil Cultivated with Rose Geranium (Pelargonium graveolens) Using Nano-Zeolite4734793644010.21608/jssae.2018.36440ENM. Abdel-SalamDepartment of Soil and Water Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Benha University, Egypt.Journal Article20180926A greenhouse experiment was carried out on a sandy clay soil cultivated with rose geranium (<em>Pelargonium graveolens</em>) which is a hyper-accumulator plant. The experiment was in a randomized complete block design (factorial ) with two factors : (1) Zeolite application at seven levels: Z<sub>0 </sub>(no zeolite addition),nZ<sub>1 </sub>(nano zeolite 0.5 g kg<sup>-1</sup> soil), nZ<sub>2</sub> (nano zeolite 1.0 g kg<sup>-1</sup> soil), nZ<sub>3</sub> (nano zeolite 1.5 g kg<sup>-1</sup> soil), Z<sub>1</sub> (ordinary zeolite 0.5 g kg<sup>-1</sup> soil), Z<sub>2 </sub>(ordinary zeolite 1.0 g kg<sup>-1</sup> soil), and Z<sub>3</sub> (ordinary zeolite 1.5 g kg<sup>-1</sup> soil) and (2) Pb pollution at two levels Pb<sub>1 </sub>(500 mg Pb kg<sup>-1</sup> soil) and Pb<sub>2 </sub>(1000 mg Pb kg<sup>-1</sup> soil). Pb uptake (by shoots, roots, plant) and residual Pb in soil significantly decreased due to zeolite application. The average decrease was in the following descending order: nZ<sub>3</sub>> nZ<sub>2</sub>> nZ<sub>1</sub>> Z<sub>3</sub>> Z<sub>2</sub>> Z<sub>1</sub>. Highest decrease in soil residual Pb was attributed to nZ<sub>3</sub> (75.7%) which also had the lowest Pb uptake by shoots (76.9%), roots (70.6%), and plant (75.5%). Nano zeolite treatments were more effective than ordinary ones in decreasing residual Pb in soil (ranging from 63.39 to 75.7%); and Pb uptake by shoots(ranging from 65.2 to 76.9%), by roots (ranging from 57.8 to 70.55% ) and by plant (ranging from 63.5 to 75.5%); and increasing fresh and dry weight of shoots (ranging from 5.4 to 13.2%) and roots( ranging from 7.5 to 11.7%). The most effective treatment for plant weight (fresh and dry) was nZ<sub>1</sub>. Pb pollution significantly increased Pb uptake (by shoots, roots, and plant). Zeolite increased Pb immobilization at end of experiment with 46.0 to 83.9% immobilized in soils polluted with the low Pb rate; and with 38.7 to 80.1% in soils polluted with the high Pb rate (comparing with initial Pb applied to soil).Mansoura University, Faculty of AgricultureJournal of Soil Sciences and Agricultural Engineering2090-368591020181001Volcanic Ash as a Material for Soil Conditioner and Fertility4914953644510.21608/jssae.2018.36445ENA. El-DesokySoils and Water Sci. Dept., Fac. of Agric., Al-Azhar Univ., Assuit, Egypt.A. HassanSoil, Water and Envi. Inst., Agric. Res. Center, Giza, EgyptA. MahmoudPlant physiology Dept, Fac. of Agric., Cairo Univ., Giza, Egypt.Journal Article20181002A field trail was conducted to test the effect of volcanic ash application on some soil properties and potato crop grown in The Res. Station, Fac. of Agric., Cairo Univ. located at Wadi El-Natron region, El-Behira Governorate, Egypt. The results show that iron oxides, silica and alumina represented 91.5, 6.0 and 2.5% of the total amorphous materials, respectively. Molar ratio of SiO<sub>2</sub>/Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> of volcanic ash was 2.08. Light minerals are mainly composed of feldspars and quartz and having a specific gravity less than 2.85 g/cm<sup>3</sup>. Opaque, pyroxenes and amphibole heavy minerals represented about 70% of the total heavy minerals. kaolinite predominated the clay minerals followed by montmorillonite, while cholorite was detected in trace amount. Zeolite of volcanic ash has high alumina content and low Si/Al ratio (less than 4) which is considered a hydrophilic soil conditioner. The texture of volcanic ash is considered coarse with bulk density value of 1.36 g/cm<sup>3</sup> and total porosity value of 41.25% (65.90 % macro-pores and 34.10 % micro-pores). The electric conductivity (EC) of volcanic ash was low value (0.45) and reaction value (pH) of 5.9. There was no symptom of nutrients deficit in potato leaves or tuber as a result of using volcanic ash. Therefore, volcanic ash might be used safely to increase soil fertility and improve soil properties as soil conditioner. Moreover soil productivity might be augmented by applying volcanic ash to the soilMansoura University, Faculty of AgricultureJournal of Soil Sciences and Agricultural Engineering2090-368591020181001Land Evaluation of Some Soils at Al-Azhar University Farm, Assiut, Egypt49750319059910.21608/jssae.2018.190599ENY. A. SayedSoils and Water Sci. Dept., Fac. Agric., Al-Azhar Univ., Assiut, Egypt.A. I. El-DesokySoils and Water Sci. Dept., Fac. Agric., Al-Azhar Univ., Assiut, Egypt.Journal Article20210822This study was initiated to assess land suitability of Al-Azhar university farm, Assiut, Egypt which is considered alluvial soils and is located about 4 km northwest of Assiut city, between Nile River and El-Ibrahimya canal. Eleven soil profiles were selected and dug down to 150 cm depth to represent the study area as a semi-detailed soil survey. The studied soils had clay, silty clay and sandy clay textures. The soil organic matter content was relatively low (0.2 to 3.9 %) and decreased with soil depth. These soils showed non-saline EC<sub>e</sub> values (1.23 to 1.52 dS/m) and non-sodic ESP values (1.6 to 5.1). They had moderately alkaline to strongly alkaline soil pH. The soils also were considered non-calcareous as the CaCO<sub>3</sub> content varied from 1.08 to 2.93 %. High values of the cation exchange capacity (26.1- 68.3 cmol+/kg) were recorded for these soils reflecting their finer texture. The land suitability was achieved using both the microLIES (Almagra model) program and the applied system of land evaluation (ASLE) program for arid and semi-arid regions. The rating of the studied soil profiles according to microLIES (Almagra model) was suitable to marginally suitable for alfalfa, cotton, sugar beet, maize, wheat, melon, potatoes, olive, soya bean, sunflower, citrus and peach, most of these soils are suitable (S2) for these crops, while, some these soils are marginally suitable (S4) for olive, citrus and peach. However, according to ASLE program, the soil profiles class varied from highly suitable to marginally suitable for cotton, sunflower, sugar beet wheat, faba bean, maize, soya bean, peanut, alfalfa, watermelon, pepper, tomato, cabbage, onion, potato, fig, olive, grape, apple, citrus and banana, most of these soils are suitable (S2) for these crops. In addition, all of them are marginally suitable (S4), for peanut, potato, fig, grape and citrus. In conclusion, the studied area is mostly suitable for growing a wide crop variation. The main limitations for these soils were the soil texture, low drainage and low organic matter.Mansoura University, Faculty of AgricultureJournal of Soil Sciences and Agricultural Engineering2090-368591020181001A Pedological Study on some Soils of Farafra Oasis, Egypt5055113645110.21608/jssae.2018.36451ENKh. El-HamdiSoils. Dept., Fac. of Agric., Mansoura Univ., Egypt.M. El-KafrawySoils, Water and Environment Res. Institute, Agric. Res., Center, Giza, Egypt.M. OmarSoils. Dept., Fac. of Agric., Mansoura Univ., Egypt.Journal Article20181006Farafra Oasis is a natural depression which located in the Egypt western desert. The whole area is under hot arid circumstance. There, the lands conferred indications of promising agricultural expansion. Study of the landforms and soils related with them can give a general survey of soil attributes. The investigated landforms include; depression floor (Peni plain- Chalky plain-Sand sheets- Playa).Eight soil profiles were selected to represent the identified physiographic units according to the information obtained during the reconnaissance field survey and the pre-field interpretation. A total of 14 soil samples, representing the different soil horizons of the selected profiles were collected, air-dried, crushed to pass through a 2 mm sieve, and stored for physical and chemical analyses. The soils were classified as following : ((<em>Calcisalids – Gypsisalids – Haplogypsids - Haplosalids – Calcigypsisalids - Quartzipsamment - Torryluvants – Torriorthents - Aquisalids- Gypsiargids -Torripsamment</em>((<em>.</em> Gypsum and calcium accumulations were found in salinity condition in most of the investigated soil samples. The drainage problem and the groundwater presence are common in most of the depression. The challenge is to be knowing of the problems and to design a suitable management system of water and soil.Mansoura University, Faculty of AgricultureJournal of Soil Sciences and Agricultural Engineering2090-368591020181001Modification of an Air - Carrier Sprayer for Cotton Picking at Small Holdings Area5135173644110.21608/jssae.2018.36441ENSoha Abd El-HamidAgric. Eng. Res. Inst. Agric. Res. Center.Journal Article20181016This study was carried out to modify an air-carrier sprayer as a pneumatic cotton picker to suite the small holdings area. The experiment was designed statistically as a split plots with three replicates. The main plots involved air suction pressure treatment levels of 0.31, 0.38, 0.82 and 0.91 kPa. While, the sub-plots were devoted for defoliant and boll opening spraying treatment levels of applying DROP Ultra + FINISH Pro 15-25 days prior and the bereaved of defoliant and boll opening. these treatments were compared with the manual picking method. The results indicated that the modified cotton picker accomplished higher performance than the manual method. Using the modified cotton picker at 0.91 kPa air suction pressure under defoliant and boll opening achieved the higher actual field capacity value of 14.69 kg/h, the higher picking efficiency value of 97% and the lower specific energy requirements of 19 kJ/kg. While, using the modified cotton picker at 0.31 kPa. air suction pressure under leaves drop accomplished the higher field efficiency values of 83% and the lower criterion costs value of 22.83 LE/h. whilst, there was not a significant difference between the modified cotton picker and the manual method due to the cotton fiber characteristics. Finally, it is recommended to apply the modified cotton picker, especially at 0.91 kPa. air suction pressure using leaves drop.Mansoura University, Faculty of AgricultureJournal of Soil Sciences and Agricultural Engineering2090-368591020181001Evaluation of the Groundwater Situation in the University Campus's Wells, King Faisal University Campus – Al-Hassa Oasis, Eastern Province - Saudi Arabia5195243644210.21608/jssae.2018.36442ENA. Al-NaeemDepartment of Environment Natural Resources - Collage of Agricultural and a Food Sciences - King Faisal University, Saudi ArabiaJournal Article20181012يهدف هذا البحث الى دراسة تأثير تداخلات مخاريط الانخفاض لآبار الضخ الإنتاجية المتجاورة على تدفقات ومناسيب المياه الجوفية لآبار المدينة الجامعية بجامعة الملک فيصل في واحة الأحساء. تضم منطقة الدراسة إحدى عشر موقع بئرضخ إنتاجي على طبقة أم الرضمة. تم الحصول على السجل التأريخي لبيانات الحفر الهندسية والفنية والتدفقات المائية ومستويات المياه الجوفية الساکنة والمتحرکة والمسافات المترية الفعلية بين الآبار الإنتاجية المتجاورة من إدارة المدينة الجامعية. تم الحصول على بيانات اختباري ضخ ثابت لبئري ضخ في منطقة الدراسة في الفترة ما بين (رجب – شعبان ) للعام 1439هـ. أظهرت نتائج الدراسة أن المسافات المترية الفعلية بين الآبارالإنتاجية المتجاورة أقل وبشکل ملحوظ وکبير عن المسافات المترية المحسوبة لأنصاف أقطار التأثير للآبار الإنتاجية المتجاورة. وهذه النتائج تشير الى مساهمة فعالة في زيادة انخفاض مناسيب المياه الجوفية وفي زيادة نسبة الخفض في تدفقات المياه الجوفية نتيجة التداخل بين مخارط الإنخفاض للآبار الجوفية المتجاورة. قدمت هذه الدراسة على هيئة معادلات رياضية من خلالها تمت الإشارة إلى تأثير المناطق المتداخلة بين آبار الضخ على الإنتاجية والمناسيب, وهذا مما توصى به الى وضع خطط استراتيجية بشأن إدارة المياه الجوفية مستقبلاً في مناطق حقل الآبار الإنتاجية المتجاورة تحت مظلة ظروف تصميمية هندسية ومسافات مترية مثالية بين آبارالضخ الإنتاجية.Mansoura University, Faculty of AgricultureJournal of Soil Sciences and Agricultural Engineering2090-368591020181001Effect of Iron and Selenium on Growth, Yield and Quality of Eggplant under Different Mineral Fertilization Levels5255323645610.21608/jssae.2018.36456ENDina GhaziSoils Department, Faulty of Agriculture, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt.Journal Article20181015Eggplant is one of the most important vegetable crops with high nutritional value. So, field experiment was performed to study the effect of foliar application with iron in the form of Fe-EDTA at rate of 300 mg L<sup>-1</sup> (923.04 g fed<sup>-1</sup>) and selenium as Na<sub>2</sub>SeO<sub>3</sub> (sodium selenite) at rate of 5 mg L<sup>-1</sup> (4.38 g fed<sup>-1</sup>) on plant growth, yield, quality and chemical composition of eggplant (<em>Solanum melongena, </em>L.) under three levels of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilization (NPK50%, NPK75% and NPK100% from recommended doses). Field experiment was conducted at Experimental Farm of the Faculty of Agriculture, El-Mansoura University, Dakahlia Governorate, Egypt, in the season of 2016. The used experimental design was a split plot design with three replicates. As for, the treatment NPK fertilizers at rate of 75% from recommended dose with spraying plants by mixture of (Fe + Se) showed the highest significant values of the studied parameters (plant height, number of leaves plant<sup>-1</sup>, leaves fresh and dry weight and total chlorophyll content), yield (fruits length, fruit diameter and yield, except number of fruits plant<sup>-1</sup> was not significant) at any level of mineral fertilization as well as (N, P and K contents (%) and N, K uptake (g plant<sup>-1</sup>) in eggplant leaves, except P uptake which was non-significant comparing with the untreated plants and fruit quality (crude protein, total carbohydrates, dietary fiber and vitamin C except NO<sub>3</sub><sup>-</sup> which gave the opposite trend). The maximum values of NO<sub>3</sub><sup>-</sup> concentration in eggplant leaves were obtained by Fe foliar application with NPK-fertilization at rate of 100% RD. On the other hand, the treatment NPK100% x (Fe + Se) as mixture significantly increased the Fe and Se contents in the leaves of eggplant. Accordingly, the application of NPK at rate 75% RD with foliar application of iron and selenium in combination together at rate of 300 mg L<sup>-1 </sup>and 5 mg L<sup>-1</sup>, respectively gave the highest significant values of all tested characters of eggplant (growth, yield and its quality) under study condition.
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