Mansoura University, Faculty of AgricultureJournal of Soil Sciences and Agricultural Engineering2090-36857220160201RESPONSE OF SUGAR BEET YIALD AND QUALITY TO SOME MICRONUTRIENTS UNDER SANDY SOIL.971063934810.21608/jssae.2016.39348ENM. El - SheriefSoil, Water and Environment Res.Inst.A.R.C.,Giza,EgyptSahar MoustafaSugar Crops Res. Inst., Agric. Res. Centre, Giza, EgyptShahrzad NeanaSugar Crops Res. Inst., Agric. Res. Centre, Giza, EgyptJournal Article20160120Four 2yr-field experiments were carried out at Kalabsho- El-Dakahlia Governorate, in 2012/13 and 2013/14 winter growing seasons to study the effect both individual and combined applications of B, Zn and Mn on juice quality and the content of some macro-and micronutrients of sugar beet, var. Sultan.
The first experiment was devoted to B treatments (0 , 0.5 and 1kg fed-1),the second experiment was devoted to Zn treatments (0 , 1.5 and 3 kg fed-1) the third one to Mn levels (0, 1, 2 kg fed-1) while the fourth experiment was assigned to the mixture of the these nutrients at three levels, i.e 0 B+Zn+Mn, 0.5kg B+1.5kg Zn+1kg Mn fed-1 and 1kg B+3kg Zn+2kg Mn fed-1 at the same levels mentioned befor. Each of the four experiment included 9 treatments which were the combination of 3 micro nutrient levels and three times of soil application, i.e. interaction after sowing, 50 (DAS) or 75 (DAS). Micronurients were applied only once as soil application. The experiments were laid out in complete randomized block design with four replications.
The results of the combined analysis of the two years could be summarized as follows:
Boron application at 0.5 kg fed-1 reduced TSS% at harvest, whereas Zn, Mn and the mixture showed no significant effect on TSS%. All micronutrients had no significant effect on sucrose% at harvest.
Manganese application at 2.0 kg fed-1 significantly raised purity% at harvest. Late application of all micronutrients mixture favorably affected purity% at harvest compared with early application.
The results showed that all micronutrients at all levels and at three application times had significant effect on roots and sucrose yields in sugar beet juice at harvest, also, B, Zn,Mn and their mixture at the highest levels significantly increased roots and sucrose yields.
The results indicated a significant increase in N% in leaves due to application of a mixture containing 0.5 kg B + 1.5 kg Zn + 1.0 kg Mn fed-1 compared with the check treatments and the highest level as well. Significant effect was observed for application time of Mn where application at 50 (DAS) from sowing or at sowing significantly surpassed the later application at 75 (DAS) in affecting N% in roots.
The only significant effect was for Zn when it was applied at the higher level. This effect was also recorded in K% in sugar beet leaves. The interaction between levels and dates of applying micronutrients mixture had significant effect on Zn content in sugar beet root.
Neither level of all micro nutrients nor application time had significant effect on B, Zn and Mn in sugar beet leaves and roots at harvest.Mansoura University, Faculty of AgricultureJournal of Soil Sciences and Agricultural Engineering2090-36857220160201AGRONOMIC EVALUATION OF DILUTED VINASSE AS A SOURCE OF POTASSIUM FERTILIZERS FOR PEANUT AND CARROT CROPS1071163934910.21608/jssae.2016.39349ENMona OsmanSoil, Water and Environ. Res. Inst., Agric. Res. Center, Giza, EgyptWafaa SeddikSoil, Water and Environ. Res. Inst., Agric. Res. Center, Giza, EgyptMona KenawySoil, Water and Environ. Res. Inst., Agric. Res. Center, Giza, EgyptJournal Article20160122A field experiment was carried out at El- Ismailia Agriculture Research Station Farm located at 30° 35´41.9" N Latitude and 32° 16´ 45.8" E longitude in Ismailia Governorate, Egypt. Peanut (<em>Arachis hypogaea</em>) was planted during summer season 2013 and carrot ( <em>Daucus Carota</em>) was planted during winter season (2013-2014) on sandy soil under drip irrigation system in order to agronomic evaluate the use of diluted vinasse, a by-product from sugar industries, as a potassium fertilizer source to reduce the potassium mineral fertilizers and monitoring the movement of phenols through the soil profile layers.
Potassium mineral fertilizers were added with four rates , Zero, 50 ,75 and 100 % (K1,K2,K3 and K4) from the recommended dose , combined with five levels from the diluted vinasse 0, 5%, 10%, 15% and 20 % (C1, C2, C3, C4, C5), respectively.
Data revealed that the use of diluted vinasse along with applied K- mineral fertilizers rates show significant decrease in pH values by increasing the concentration of both vinasse and K- mineral fertilizers. O.M, availability of N, P and K along with total phenols values, generally were also generally increased by increasing the concentration of vinasse, in presence of different rates of potassium mineral fertilizers especially for the soil surface layers as compared to sub soil layer. Treatment of K (75 %) combined with C (20%) was superior for availability of N, P and K as compared to vinasse only and other treatments for both tested crops . Total uptake of N, P, K (kg fed<sup>-1</sup> along with yield components of both tested crops increased gradually by increasing the concentration of vinasse from C1 to C5 and K from K1 up to K3, then the values slightly decreased with K4 as compared to the other treatments.
Interaction analysis revealed that N, P, K total uptake and total yield components for peanut (straw, seeds) and carrot (shoots, roots) recorded the highest values due to applying 75 % from the mineral K- fertilizers combined with diluted vinasse (20%) as compared to the control and other treatments; the lowest values of N, P and K uptake were recorded with control treatment (vinasse only).
Finally, the application of diluted vinasse to sandy soils has added significant amounts of nutrients especially K as well as organic matter which improved soil chemical properties, nutritional status and crop yield. So, 25% from the potassium mineral fertilizer required for either peanut or carrot can be reduced by the use of diluted vinasse (20%). Moreover the use of diluted vinasse is safty for environment which did not cause any bioaccumulation of phenol compounds in sandy soils and thus the phenolic components, as expected, not contaminating the sub soil layer and ground water.Mansoura University, Faculty of AgricultureJournal of Soil Sciences and Agricultural Engineering2090-36857220160201RESPONSE OF SOME OLIVE CULTIVARS TO POTASSIUM LEVELS UNDER SALINITY CONDITIONS IN HYDROPONICS SYSTEM1171243937510.21608/jssae.2016.39375ENY. AttaWater Management Research Institute (NWRC), EgyptA. HasanWater Management Research Institute (NWRC), EgyptA. Abdel-FatahWater Management Research Institute (NWRC), EgyptJournal Article20160124A study was carried out for the effect of different levels of salinity i.e. (0,60 and 120mM (Nacl) and potassium levels i.e 0 and 30mM (k<sub>2</sub>So<sub>4</sub>) on growth and chemical composition of seedlings of two olive cultivars karotina and picwal during 2009 and 2010 seasons at Inshas Research Station, El-Sharkia Governorate, Water Management Research Institute, Egypt. The seedlings were grown in hydroponics system (nutrient film technique NFT). Results revealed that, increasing salinity levels caused a gradually decrease in plant height, stem diameter, number of leaves/plant, number of branches/plant, N, P and K percentages, while Na ,Ca and Mg percentages were increased gradually with increasing of salinity levels.
Potassium addition increased in plant height, stem diameter, number of leaves /plant, number of branches / plant, N, P and K percentages, while Na, Ca and Mg percentages were decreased. The results revealed the necessity of potassium fertilizer to reduce negative effects of salinity on plant growth.
Karotina cultivar gave the highest values of previous parameters than picwal cultivar and seems to be more than tolerate salinity compared with picwal cultivar.Mansoura University, Faculty of AgricultureJournal of Soil Sciences and Agricultural Engineering2090-36857220160201INFLUENCE OF MINERAL AND ORGANIC NITROGEN FERTILIZERS ON GROWTH AND YIELD OF SOME WHEAT VARIETIES AND SOME SOIL PROPERTIES - NORTH DELTA .1251333936310.21608/jssae.2016.39363ENE. KhafagySoils, Water and Environment Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center, Giza, Egypt.Journal Article20160127Two field experiments were conducted at the Experimental Research Station in El-Serw, Agricultural Research Center during the seasons 2012/2013 and 2013/2014 to study the effect of mineral nitrogen and organic nitrogen of compost combination treatments on grain and straw yield and N, P, K- uptake in grain and straw of some wheat varieties. The experiments were carried out in a split plot design with three replicates. Main plots were assigned to three wheat cultivars i.e., Sakha 93, Gemmiza 9 and Gemmiza 10. The sub main plots were devoted to mineral nitrogen and compost combination treatments as follows: 100 % inorganic nitrogen (90 kg fed<sup>-1</sup>), 75 % inorganic nitrogen (67.5 kg fed<sup>-1</sup> ) + 25 % organic nitrogen (22.5 kg fed<sup>-1</sup>), 50 % inorganic nitrogen (45.0 kg fed<sup>-1</sup> ) + 50 % organic nitrogen (45.0 kg fed<sup>-1</sup> ), 25 % inorganic nitrogen (22.5 kg fed<sup>-1</sup> ) + 75 % organic nitrogen (67.5 kg fed<sup>-1</sup>) and 100 % organic nitrogen (90 kg fed<sup>-1</sup>). Obtained results showed that the greatest values of wheat grain , straw yields , N, P and K uptake in both grain and straw were those of Gemmeza 10, Gemmeza 9 and Sakha 93, respectively and 100 % inorganic nitrogen, 75 % inorganic nitrogen + 25 % organic nitrogen, 50 % inorganic nitrogen + 50 % organic nitrogen, 25 % inorganic nitrogen + 75 % organic nitrogen and 100 % organic nitrogen, respectively. 100% inorganic nitrogen for Gemmiza 10 gave the highest wheat grain and straw yields and N, P, and K uptake in grain and straw. While, applying 75% inorganic nitrogen with 25% organic nitrogen produced economic wheat grain and straw yields for Sakha 93 only. So, 25% inorganic nitrogen could be saved, and environmental pollution with mineral- N fertilizers could also be reduced. As well as improved soil properties i.e increased hydraulic conductivity,on the contrary,bulk density,Ece and pH values were decreased.Mansoura University, Faculty of AgricultureJournal of Soil Sciences and Agricultural Engineering2090-36857220160201EFFECT OF IRRIGATION SCHEDULING ON SUNFLOWER/ FORAGE COWPEA INTERCROPPING PATTERN, GROWTH, YIELD AND ITS COMPONENTS.1351463935510.21608/jssae.2016.39355ENR. DarweshSoils, water & Environment, Res. Inst.(SWERI), A.R.C., EgyptMona EL-MansourySoils, water & Environment, Res. Inst.(SWERI), A.R.C., EgyptMoshira El-ShamyCrop intensification Res. Department, Field Crops Res. Institute, A.R.C., Giza, Egypt.Journal Article20160129A field experiment was conducted at Sakha Agricultural Research Station Farm, Kafr El-Sheikh Governorate, during the two growing seasons 2013 and 2014 to study the effect of irrigation scheduling; irrigation at 50 (I<sub>1</sub>), 65(I<sub>2</sub>) and 80% (I<sub>3</sub>) of accumulative pan evaporation (APE) and four systems of sole and intercropping pattern; 1: 1 (P<sub>1</sub>), 1: 2 (P<sub>2</sub>) rows for sunflower <em>cv</em>. Sakha 53, forage cowpea <em>cv</em>. balady, sole sunflower (P<sub>3</sub>) and sole cowpea (P<sub>4</sub>) in a split plot design with three replications. The important findings could be concluded as follows:
The highest values of water applied and consumptive use were recorded under I<sub>1</sub> in the two growing seasons and the values were 57.9 and 59.1 cm for water applied and 48.89 and 50.25 cm for water consumed in the first and second season, respectively. On the other hand, the highest mean values of water productively (WP) and productivity of irrigation water (PIW) were recorded under I<sub>3</sub> (lowest water applied and consumed) for two crops in the two seasons and the value tended to reduce, gradually, with increasing the irrigation water applied, for planting pattern in 1:2 sunflower/cowpea intercropping pattern gave the highest PIW under I<sub>3</sub> where the values were 0.368 and 0.352 kg m<sup>-3</sup> of sunflower plus 0.746 and 0.714 kg m<sup>-3 in 2013 and 2014 growing seasons, respectively. Likewise, WP takes the same trend in the two growing seasons. </sup>
Results showed also, all characteristics of sunflower and cowpea were significantly affected by irrigation scheduling and intercropping systems in both seasons. For sunflower; plant height, stem diameter, head diameter, weight of seeds plant<sup>-1</sup>,100-seed weight, seed yield fed<sup>-1</sup> and oil % gave the highest values under irrigation scheduling I<sub>2</sub> and the 1: 2 planting pattern. All of the evaluated growth, yield and yield components traits for cowpea plants; plant height , stem diameter , number of leaves plant<sup>-1</sup> , dry seed yield , dry matter yield ,dry matter % , crude protein % and crude fiber % exhibited higher figures under irrigation scheduling (I<sub>2</sub>) and the 1 : 2 planting pattern (P<sub>2</sub>). Land equivalent ratio (LER) exhibited higher values with I<sub>3</sub> irrigation scheduling and 1:2 sunflower/ cowpea planting pattern. The highest total income was attained with the 1: 2 planting pattern and I<sub>2</sub> irrigation scheduling.Mansoura University, Faculty of AgricultureJournal of Soil Sciences and Agricultural Engineering2090-36857220160201EFFECT OF ADDING DIFFERENT LEVELS OF CITY WASTE COMPOST ON SOME PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF THE SOIL AND GROWTH OF Zea mays PLANTS .1471533937810.21608/jssae.2016.39378ENN. Al-MagrebiSoil and Water Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Sana University, - AlyamenJournal Article20160201The solid wastes of city represent an economic value for its free raw materials included which can be recycled and accessed into a number of industries in which organic materials could be composted and transferred to organic fertilizer represent 60% from the total solid remnants . So that ,the idea of the current study is aiming to study the impact of adding an organic fertilizer extracted from city garbage on some characteristics of the physical soil . A simple experiment has been designed including a lonely factor under studying which is the city waste compost fertilizer of the organic remnants at four different levels with control : 0,10,20,40 tons /hectares . The experiment was carried out during the spring season of 2008 at the Educational Farm , Faculty of Agriculture , Sana'a University . A complete randomized block design was used in three replicates. The addition of organic fertilizer led to reducing the <em>bulk density</em> of soil and increasing the addition rate . The<em> Bulk Density</em> value reduced to 1.23 g/cm<sup>3</sup> at added 40 tons /ha compared with 1.35 g/cm<sup>3</sup> for control , and has also led to a significant increase in the Hydraulic Conductivity of the soil at the level of added 40 t / ha . as the value of hydraulic conductivity of 3.80 cm / hour , compared with 3.65 cm / hour to control . and has also led to a significant increase in soil porosity was 53.35 % at added 40 t / ha. also resulted a significant increase in the proportion of available water , where the percentage of available water was 8.73 % at the level of 40 tons / ha compared to 8.44 % for the control. and caused . A significant increase in plant height was observed ,where the values of plant height were 171& 182 cm when add 20&40 t / ha , respectively, and also significant increases in both the number of leaves per plant dry matter weight per plant compared to the control .Mansoura University, Faculty of AgricultureJournal of Soil Sciences and Agricultural Engineering2090-36857220160201RICE VARIETIES AS AFFECTED WITH DIFFERENT IRRIGATION PERIODS AND SUBMERGED DEPTHS IN THE NORTH NILE DELTA REGION1551683935110.21608/jssae.2016.39351ENR. DarweshSoils, water & Environment, Res. Inst.(SWERI), A.R.C., EgyptA. AbdelkhalekSoils, water & Environment, Res. Inst.(SWERI), A.R.C., EgyptM. IbrahimSoils, water & Environment, Res. Inst.(SWERI), A.R.C., EgyptJournal Article20160201A field experiment was conducted at Sakha Agricultural Research Station Farm during the two growing seasons 2013 and 2014 to study the he effect of irrigation period, depth and cultivar on yield and water parameters for rice<em> (Oryza sativa L.)</em>. The site located at Kafr EL Sheikh Governorate, Middle North of the Nile Delta. Two irrigation period treatments; 6 days (P<sub>1</sub>) and 12 days (P<sub>2</sub>) were tested. Three irrigation depths; irrigation till 3cm above soil surface (ASS) (D<sub>1</sub>), irrigation depth till 5cm ASS (D<sub>2</sub>) and the traditional till 7cm ASS (D<sub>3</sub>) were tested. Three rice cultivars; Giza 177 (V<sub>1</sub>), Sakha 101 (V<sub>2</sub>) and Orabi (V<sub>3</sub>) were tested. The important findings could be summarized as follows:
The highest values of irrigation water applied and then water duty were recorded under control treatment e.g. irrigation every 6 days and 7 cm depths (irrigation without any stress during the growing season, interaction between P<sub>1</sub>D<sub>3</sub>). On the contrary, the lowest values were recorded under interaction between P<sub>2</sub>D<sub>1</sub> (every 12 days irrigation interval and 3cm depth during the growing season). The mean value of productivity irrigation water was increased under prolonged irrigation interval of 12 days plants comparing with other treatments. The highest mean values were recorded under interaction between P<sub>2</sub>D<sub>1</sub> but the lowest mean values were recorded under interaction between P<sub>1</sub>D<sub>3</sub> (highest water applied treatment)
The mean values for grain yield was significantly affected with irrigation period, depth and verities. For two periods, irrigation till 5cm (D<sub>2</sub>) recorded the highest grain yield 4246.7 kg fed<sup>-1</sup>, and 4394.3 kg fed.<sup>-1</sup> under 6 days as irrigation interval, and 2894.4 kg fed<sup>-1</sup>., and 2866.6 kg fed<sup>-1</sup> under 12 days as irrigation interval in the first season and second seasons respectively. Orabi 1 recorded the highest values of grain yield under overall period and depth of water. Yield components of rice; 1000 grain weight g., biological yield kg., straw yield kg., grain straw ratio and sterility % were decreased under water stress treatments in the second period (P<sub>2</sub>) as compared with P<sub>1</sub>, for water depths; D<sub>1</sub> compared with D<sub>2</sub> in the two period. For varieties, biological yield kg., and grain straw ratio only showed significant effect. Regarding, all studied growth parameters; panicle Length and plant height were increased with increasing irrigation water applied.
Moreover, water saving from interaction between P<sub>1</sub>D<sub>2</sub> which increased yield with 7% with water saving with 16-18% as comparing with P<sub>1</sub>D<sub>3</sub> (highest water applied treatment).Mansoura University, Faculty of AgricultureJournal of Soil Sciences and Agricultural Engineering2090-36857220160201EFFECT OF SOIL MOISTURE DEPLETION AND NITROGEN LEVELS ON WHEAT (Triticum aestivum L.).1691783936010.21608/jssae.2016.39360ENM. El-AgrodiSoil Dept. Fac. of Agric., Mansoura Univ., Egypt.M. SaeidSoil, Water and Environment Res. Inst., A.R.C., Egypt.G. AhmedSoil Dept. Fac. of Agric., Mansoura Univ., Egypt.T. KhalifaSoil, Water and Environment Res. Inst., A.R.C., Egypt.Journal Article20190203Lysimeter experiment was conducted during winter season of 2013-2014 and 2014-2015 in Sakha Agricultural Research Station Farm; Kafr El-Sheikh Governorate. This study aimed to clarify the effect of soil moisture depletion (45, 60 and 75% from the available water) and nitrogen levels (zero, 75, 100 and 125% from the recommended dose) as well as their interaction on wheat yield, water and nitrogen use efficiencies.
<strong>The obtained results can be summarized in; </strong>
- Soil moisture depletion and nitrogen fertilizer levels interaction high significantly affected grain yield in both seasons. The highest values of grain yield (2889.60 and 2829.40 kg fed<sup>-1 in the 1st</sup> and 2<sup>nd</sup> season, respectively) were realized by applying the treatment of irrigation after depletion 45% from available water + 125% of N recommended dose.
- The highest values of wheat straw yield (3355.19 and 3297 kg fed<sup>-1</sup>) were obtained under irrigation after depletion 45% from available water in the first and second season, respectively. Also the different N rates (control, 75%, 100% and 125% of N recommended dose) high significantly affected straw yield. The straw yield increased by 22.46% at N<sub>75%</sub>, 31.61% at N<sub>100%</sub> and 43.39% at N<sub>125%</sub> in first season and by (18.71% at N<sub>75%</sub>, 24.79% at N<sub>100%</sub> and 26.26% at N<sub>125%</sub>) in second season, as compared to control.
- The highest value of nitrogen agronomic efficiency (NAE) was obtained due to the irrigation after depletion 45% from available water + 75% of N recommended dose. The lowest value of NAE was achieved due to the irrigation after depletion 75% from available water + 125% of N recommended dose.
- Apparent nitrogen recovery by wheat was high significantly affected by the interaction between soil moisture depletion and nitrogen fertilizer levels in both seasons. The highest values of apparent nitrogen recovery by wheat were realized by applying the treatment of irrigation after depletion 45% from available water + 75% of N recommended dose for both seasons.
- The highest and lowest values of water use efficiency were obtained from treatments of irrigation after depletion 45% from available water and 75% from N recommended dose and irrigation after depletion 75% from available water without addition of nitrogen fertilizer in both growing seasons, respectively.Mansoura University, Faculty of AgricultureJournal of Soil Sciences and Agricultural Engineering2090-36857220160201PERFORMANCE EVALUATION OF THE SUBSURFACE DRAINAGE SYSTEM IN EL-BOSTAN AREA, EGYPT1791863936510.21608/jssae.2016.39365ENA. SaadDepartment of Soils and Water Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Alexandria University, Egypt.A. ShalabyDepartment of Soils and Water Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Alexandria University, Egypt.A. MokhtarDepartment of Soil Chemistry and Physics, Desert Research Center, Egypt.Journal Article20190205This study is conducted to assessment the performance of subsurface drainage system in the 2100 ha; located in El-Bostan region, El Behira governorate Egypt (30<sup>o</sup> 47' 00'' and 30<sup>o</sup> 51' 00'' N, 30<sup>o</sup> 23' 00" and 30<sup>o</sup> 25' 00" E). Three sub main drains, El-Amlak No. 7, El-Amlak No. 8 and El-Amlak No. 9 served the studied area. 105 piezometers were installed in selected sites of studied area. Twenty one sets of PVC piezometers were installed perpendicular on the both sides of sub main drain lines at depth of 120 cm from soil surface. Each set was consisted of 5 piezometers were installed at 0.4, 2.5, 5, 15 and 30 m away from the lateral drain. The drainage assessment parameters revealed that, the average drainage intensity factor values were 0.029, 0.018 and 0.030 day<sup>-1</sup> for sub main drains No. 7, 8 and 9 respectively. The average values of days after cessation of recharge (t<sub>A</sub>) values in piezometers at midway between lateral drains for sub main drains No. 7, 8 and 9 were 17.20, 23.69 and 13.61 days, respectively. The average value of water table draw down in piezometers sites at midway between drains represents the tile drainage system (sub main drains) at studied area was low (2.33 cm/day), this low value of water table draw down continuously caused the raising of height water table above the drains. Moreover, the average value of water table height above the drains level at midway between drains before the next irrigation for the tile drainage system in the studied area (77.13 cm) is required 33 days as well as 15 days irrigation interval to below the drains level. Thus, the tile drainage system in this area is very poor. The average value of head loss fraction for the tile drainage system in studied area was 1.340. The entrance resistance average of the tile drainage system in studied area was 7.267 day/m. The values of head loss fraction and entrance resistance revealed that the drainage system performance very poor. The obtained value of depleted fraction (DF) was ranging between 0.51 and 0.57 (table 5) which is considered normal for arid region. The critical value of DF = 0.55 implies that if ETa at any month is less than 0.55 (Pe + Vc), a portion of this available water goes into storage, causing the water table to rise under inefficient drainage system.Mansoura University, Faculty of AgricultureJournal of Soil Sciences and Agricultural Engineering2090-36857220160201STATUS OF AGRICULTURE ENVIRONMENT IN NEW BURG EL-ARAB, ALEXANDRIA, EGYPT.1871923935610.21608/jssae.2016.39356ENY. El GhonameySoil, Water and Environment Research Institute, ARC, EgyptO. GendySoil, Water and Environment Research Institute, ARC, EgyptA. Abd El-NabiSoil, Water and Environment Research Institute, ARC, EgyptA. ZayedSoil, Water and Environment Research Institute, ARC, EgyptJournal Article20160209The studied area of New Burg El-Arab city is located south west of Alexandria between King Maryut and El-Hammam. The soils under consideration belong to physiographic unit as follows:
I. Order beach ridge soils which have:
a) Order beach ridge predominantly shallow over rock which classify according USDA 2014 as:
- Lithic Haplocalcids, loamy skeletal, mixed, thermic.
b) Order beach ridge predominantly very shallow over subsoil which appear three taxonomic units as follows:
- Typic Haplocalcids, fine loamy, mixed, thermic.
- Typic Haplocalcids, coarse loamy, mixed, thermic.
- Typic Haplocalcids, clayey, mixed, thermic.
c) Complex (a) and (b): the representative profile for deep soils classify as follows:
- Typic Haplocalcids, fine loamy, mixed, thermic.
II. Soils of the plain: A vast plain just behind the ridges and emphasize to two subunits:
D) Marine lacustrine shallow plains, which have the following taxonomic class:
- Lithic Haplocalcids, fine loamy, mixed, thermic.
F) Marine lacustrine very deep plains which appear the soil classification as follows:
- Typic Haplocalcids, clayey, mixed, thermic.
III. Windblown soils: These soils are corresponding to taxonomy class as follows:
- Typic Haplocalcids, sandy, mixed, thermic.
Data of land evaluation reval to the limitation of suitability following trend.
Soil depth > Calcium carbonate contents > Texture > Wetness > Salinity & alkalinity > Gypsum content > Topography.
Evaluation of irrigation water appeared that the sample has no problem in generally.Mansoura University, Faculty of AgricultureJournal of Soil Sciences and Agricultural Engineering2090-36857220160201IMPACT OF SOWING DATE OF WHEAT UNDER WATER STRESS IN NORTH NILE DELTA-EGYPT1932003935810.21608/jssae.2016.39358ENE. El-HadidiSoils Dept., Fac. of Agric. Mansoura Univ.G. LabibSoils Dept., Fac. of Agric. Mansoura Univ.Amira KasemSoils, Water and Environment Res. Institute, A.R.C., Giza.Journal Article20160210The present investigation was conducted at Sakha Agricultural Research Station, Kafr El-Sheikh Governorate. The station is sited at 31<sup>0ₒ</sup> -57<sup>‾</sup>/ N latitude and 30<sup>0</sup>-57<sup>‾</sup> longitude. It has an elevation of about 20 m above sea level and it represents the conditions and circumstances of the middle north Nile Delta.
A field experiment was carried out during the season 2014/2015 to study the effect of number of irrigations and sowing date on wheat yield, its components and some water relationships. A split plot design with four replications was used. Sowing date were 15/11 ( D<sub>1</sub>), 30/11 ( D<sub>2</sub>) and 15/12 ( D<sub>3</sub>) occupied the main plots, while irrigation regime were I<sub>1</sub> = 5 irrigations , I<sub>2</sub> = 4 irrigations and I<sub>3</sub> = 3 irrigations, arranged in sub-plots<strong>.</strong>
<strong>The obtained results can be summarized as follows:</strong>
The highest values of water applied and water consumptive use were recorded under ( I<sub>1</sub>) .On the contrary, the lowest values were recorded under treatment,( I<sub>3</sub> ).15<sup>th</sup> November as a sowing date significantly increased grain yield, straw yield, spike length, number of tiller, plant height and 1000 grain weight by 18.6, 17.4, 26.7, 17.8, 9.9 and 20.3 % compared to sowing on 15<sup>th</sup> December (D<sub>3</sub>). Also sowing on 15<sup>th</sup> November significantly increased water productivity by 27.2 %.Mansoura University, Faculty of AgricultureJournal of Soil Sciences and Agricultural Engineering2090-36857220160201PRODUCTION AND PERFORMANCE EVALUATION OF BIODIESEL FROM PONGAMIA TREE OIL2012113938110.21608/jssae.2016.39381ENM. ShabbanResearcher Agricultural Engineering Institute ARCH. AlyResearcher Forestry & wood technology Dept., Horticulture Research Institute, ARCJournal Article20160214Energy is the prerequisite for modern civilization. Fossil fuel is still the main source of energy. But the endless consumption of fossil fuel has brought its reserve about to an end. As a result, spiraling demand and diminishing supply. Therefore, researchers are seeking for alternative and cost effective fuels to meet the human demands.
Experiments have been performed on a four strokes, two cylinder, direct injection, and naturally aspirated Diesel engine when operating on 10%, 20%, 30% and 40% blends with Diesel fuel. The purpose of this research is to test the effects of pongamia oil biodiesel inclusion in Diesel engine on power, specific fuel consumption (SFC), thermal efficiency, emission composition changes and exhausts temperature. At a higher speed of 1800 rpm, the (SFC) of the fully loaded engine for the B20 blend is the same as that for Diesel fuel, whereas B30 suggest the (SFC) is higher by 11.65%. The (SFC) of blend B10 appeared to be the same as that of blend B20, both of them have lower (SFC) by 2.9 % compared to Diesel fuel. The fuel energy conversion efficiency depends actually on both the biodiesel inclusion percent in the Diesel fuel and the engine performance conditions. The results indicate that higher than 10 vol% of biodiesel in Diesel fuel reduces the fuel energy conversion efficiency for the biodiesel.Mansoura University, Faculty of AgricultureJournal of Soil Sciences and Agricultural Engineering2090-36857220160201DRYING OF MINT LEAVES UNDER CONTROLLED DRYING AIR TEMPERATURE AND RELATIVE HUMIDITY.2132203936910.21608/jssae.2016.39369ENA. MatoukAgric Eng. Dept., Fac. of Agric., Mansoura Univ.M. El-KholyAgric. Eng. Res. Institute.M. TharwatAgric Eng. Dept., Fac. of Agric., Mansoura Univ.Marwa SadatAgric Eng. Dept., Fac. of Agric., Mansoura Univ.Journal Article20160216A study was carried out to test and evaluate the drying behavior of mint leaves using a laboratory scale dryer with controlled air temperature and relative humidity.
The studied parameters included four different levels of drying air temperature (50, 55, 60 and 65°C) and four levels of air relative humidity (25, 30, 35 and 40%). All the experimental runs were conducted at constant air velocity of (0.23 m/sec). The drying behavior of mint leaves during the drying process were simulated using three different thin layer drying models (Lewis's 1921, Henderson and Pabis's 1961 and Page 1949 equations). Final quality of the dried mint leaves was also determined. The results show that, drying rate of mint leaves increased with the increase of drying air temperature while, it was decreased with the increase of relative humidity. All studied models could describe the drying behavior of mint leaves satisfactorily. However, Page's model considered the most proper for describing the drying behavior of mint leaves in terms of higher values of (R<sup>2</sup>) and lower values of (<sup>2</sup>), (MBE), (RMSE) and (SE). In general, the drying air temperature of 50°C and relative humidity of 25% achieved the best quality of the dried mint leaves in terms of total chlorophyll, total carotenoids and essential oil contents.Mansoura University, Faculty of AgricultureJournal of Soil Sciences and Agricultural Engineering2090-36857220160201DRYING OF POT MARIGOLD WHOLE FLOWERS AND PETALS UNDER CONTROLLED DRYING AIR TEMPERATURE AND RELATIVE HUMIDITY.2212303937210.21608/jssae.2016.39372ENA. MatoukAgric Eng. Dept., Fac. of Agric., Mansoura Univ.M. El-KholyAgric. Eng. Res. Institute.A. TharwatAgric Eng. Dept., Fac. of Agric., Mansoura Univ.Marwa SadatAgric Eng. Dept., Fac. of Agric., Mansoura Univ.Journal Article20160218A study was carried out to test and evaluate the drying behavior of pot marigold whole flowers and petals using a laboratory scale dryer with controlled air temperature and relative humidity.
The studied parameters included four different levels of drying air temperature (55, 60, 65 and 70°C) and three levels of air relative humidity (40, 50 and 60%). All the experimental runs were conducted at constant air velocity of (0.6 m/sec). The drying behavior of pot marigold whole flowers and petals during the drying process were simulated using three different thin layer drying models (Lewis’s 1921, Henderson and Pabis’s 1961 and Page's 1949 model). Final quality of the dried pot marigold whole flowers and petals was also determined. The results show that, drying rate of pot marigold whole flowers and petals increased with the increase of drying air temperature while, it was decreased with the increase of relative humidity. All studied models could describe the drying behavior of both whole flowers and petals satisfactorily. However, Page's model considered the most proper for describing the drying data in terms of higher values of (R<sup>2</sup>) and lower values of (<sup>2</sup>), (MBE), (RMSE) and (SE). In general, the drying air temperature of 70°C and relative humidity of 40% achieved the best quality in terms of total carotenoids. However, drying of pot marigold petals showed higher content of total carotenoids and shorter drying time.Mansoura University, Faculty of AgricultureJournal of Soil Sciences and Agricultural Engineering2090-36857220160201EFFECT OF N, P AND CU FERTILIZATION ON ONION YIELD, QUALITY AND NUTRIENTS UPTAKE2312363936610.21608/jssae.2016.39366ENE. El-HadidiSoil Sciences Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Mansoura University.M. El-ShazlySoils, Water and Environment Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center, Giza.Heba HegazyAgricultural Engineer, Management of Agriculture in Mansoura, Ministry of Agriculture and Land Reclamation.Journal Article20160217A pot experiment was conducted at the Experimental Station Farm, Faculty of Agriculture, Mansoura University during the winter season of 2013/2014 to investigate the effect of phosphorus, nitrogen and copper fertilization on yield and nutrients uptake of onion (<em>Allium cepa </em>L.).The experiment was carried out in factorial experiment in complete randomized block design (CRBD) with three replications. The obtained results could be summarized as the following:
- Fertilizing onion plants with the highest level of phosphorus fertilizer (100 kg P<sub>2</sub>O<sub>5</sub> fed<sup>-1</sup>) produced the highest values of all studied characters in the season.
- Application of the highest level of nitrogen fertilizer (150 kg N fed<sup>-1</sup>) produced the highest values of yield, quality and nutrients uptake characters of onion in the season.
- Foliar spraying of onion plants with Cu at rate of 50 ppm significantly surpassed control treatment (without spraying with Cu) and produced the highest values of all studied characters in the season.
It can be concluded that fertilizing onion plants with 100 kg P<sub>2</sub>O<sub>5</sub> fed<sup>-1</sup> and 150 kg N fed<sup>-1</sup> in addition to foliar spraying with 50 ppm Cu in the form of CuSO<sub>4</sub> at three times in order to maximizing its yield, quality and nutrients uptake under the environmental conditions of Mansoura district, Dakahlia Governorate, Egypt.