Mansoura University, Faculty of AgricultureJournal of Soil Sciences and Agricultural Engineering2090-36857520160501The Impact of Long-Term Fertilization on Depletion and Accumulation of Some Elements in Soil and Wheat Yield in Permanent Experiment at Bahtim Station.3253333964210.21608/jssae.2016.39642ENH. KhalilSoils, water and environment Res. Inst., Agric. Res. Center, Giza, Egypt.Azza AhmedSoils, water and environment Res. Inst., Agric. Res. Center, Giza, Egypt.A. SherifSoils, water and environment Res. Inst., Agric. Res. Center, Giza, Egypt.Journal Article20160424In the long-term experiment which was established in 1912 and modified in 1989 at Bahtim in Kaliobia Governorate, Egypt (Latitude 30°8'22"’N, Longitude N 31°15'50") where wheat plants (Triticum aestivum L., var. Gemmaza 9) were planted during 2014 and 2015 winter seasons. Design of the two experiments is a randomized completely block. The current investigation aimed to study the effects of long-term fertilization on the depletion and accumulation of some elements in the soil and its effect on yield of wheat crop. The results confirmed that, highest values of straw, grain biological yield and 1000-grain weight were obtained with complete fertilizers application of N, P and K compared with fertilizer alone. The relative increase of wheat biological yield, N, P and K % and their uptake by grain of wheat resulted from adding fertilized N<sub>60</sub> + P<sub>19.5</sub> + K<sub>48</sub> kg.fed<sup>-1</sup> were higher than those from N<sub>30</sub> + P<sub>19.5 </sub>+ K<sub>48</sub> and N<sub>15</sub> + P<sub>19.5</sub> + K<sub>48</sub>, respectively. In addition, the effect of (FYM) with long term was parallel to that noticed for complete fertilization treatments in both old and new experiment. In addition, in the old experiment, values of Fe, Mn, Zn, Cu and Pb were significantly increased in grain under organic fertilizers FYM compared to those of inorganic fertilizers treatments. While, in both of old and new experiments the concentrations of Fe, Mn, Zn, Cu and Pb in grain of wheat under inorganic fertilization treatments were higher in the plots fertilized by super phosphate than those of other inorganic treatments. Also, the significant increase of Fe, Mn, Zn, Cu and Pb concentrations of wheat grains were achieved by adding fertilizers at N<sub>60</sub> + P<sub>19.5</sub> + K<sub>48</sub> kg. fed-1 comparing with that gained by N<sub>30</sub> + P<sub>19.5 </sub>+ K<sub>48</sub> and N<sub>15</sub> + P<sub>19.5 </sub>+ K<sub>48</sub>, respectively. In the old experiment, the highest values of available forms of N-NO<sub>3</sub><sup>-</sup>, N-NH<sub>4</sub><sup>+</sup>, N and K of soil were obtained by applying FYM fertilizer treatments but available P in soil inorganic treatment was higher than that of FYM. On the contrary, the highest values of available Mn, Zn, Pb and Cu in inorganic NPK treatment were higher than FYM, while, Fe in soil treated with FYM was higher than that of NPK fertilizer. In addition, in soil of new experiment the available Form N-NH<sub>4</sub><sup>+</sup>, N, P and K were higher in the plots resaving N<sub>30</sub> + P<sub>19.5</sub> + K<sub>48</sub> than those in N<sub>60</sub> + P<sub>19.5</sub> + K<sub>48</sub>. On the contrary, the available Fe, Mn, Zn, Pb and Cu under N<sub>60</sub> + P<sub>19.5 </sub>+ K<sub>48</sub> was higher than those of N<sub>30</sub> + P<sub>19.5 </sub>+ K<sub>48</sub> treatments. Values of available N, P and K in soil were decreased with decreasing of N levels and depletion of P, K with long-term experiment and with increasing plants requirement. While, accumulation micronutrients in soil were found as a result of using inorganic fertilizers in long term experiment. After more than 104 years of establishing these experiments and with low productivity, there is little doubt that current nutrient management practices are not sustainable and more efficient management systems need to be developed. Therefore, it must take into account crop types, high fertilizer requirements and combining between mineral fertilizers and FYM or crop residues but with retention of old plots to compare with new treatments.Mansoura University, Faculty of AgricultureJournal of Soil Sciences and Agricultural Engineering2090-36857520160501Effect of Organic and Bio-Fertilization as Partial Substitute for Mineral Nitrogen Fertilization on Wheat Plants3353443964510.21608/jssae.2016.39645ENBasma RashwanSoil, Water and Environ. Res. Inst., A.R.C., Giza, EgyptA. AliSoil, Water and Environ. Res. Inst., A.R.C., Giza, EgyptShaima Abo ZaedSoil, Water and Environ. Res. Inst., A.R.C., Giza, EgyptJournal Article20160501A field experiment was conducted during two successive winter growing seasons of (2012/ 2013 and 2013/ 2014) at the experimental farm of Mallawi Agricultural Research Station, Mallawi center, EL- Minia Governorate, Egypt. The objective of this research was to study the effect of applying different levels of inorganic nitrogen (0, 50, 75 and 100% N fed<sup>-1</sup> from RD 75kg N fed<sup>-1</sup>) and organic fertilization (0, 5 and 10 ton fed<sup>-1</sup>) and inoculation with <em>Azospirillum</em> <em>brasilenes </em>as well as their interactions on number of bacteria yield, yield quality, and nitrogen content and uptake by wheat plants cultivar (Beni suef one) grown in silty clay loam soil. The results showed that increasing the level of mineral nitrogen fertilization from 0, 50, 75 and 100% N fed<sup>-1</sup> from RD of nitrogen (75kg N fed<sup>-1</sup>) resulted in a significant increase in all studied parameters (1000 grain weight, grain yield, straw yield, protein percentage in grains, N content in grain and straw, nitrogen uptake by grain, nitrogen uptake by straw and total nitrogen uptake by grain and straw except number of <em>Azospirillum</em> <em>brasilenes</em> per gram soil was not significant. All studied parameters were significantly increased due to increasing the level of organic fertilizer from 0 to 5 ton fed<sup>-1</sup> or 10 ton fed<sup>-1</sup> except nitrogen uptake by the grains in the first season was not significantl. Inoculation of wheat plants with <em>Azospirillum</em> <em>brasilenes</em> resulted in a significant increase in number of <em>Azospirillum</em> <em>brasilenes</em> per gram soil, 1000 grain weight, N content in grain in the second season, N content in the straw, nitrogen uptake by grain in the first season, total nitrogen uptake in the second season and protein percentage in the second season only, While, results was not significant increase in grain and straw yields, N content in grain in the first season, nitrogen uptake by grain in the second season, nitrogen uptake by straw, total nitrogen uptake in the first season and protein percentage in grain in the first season. The highest values of studied parameters were obtained when wheat plants were fertilized with mineral nitrogen fertilizer at the rate of 75% from RD of nitrogen (75kg N fed<sup>-1</sup>) combined with 10 ton fed<sup>-1</sup> organic fertilizer and inoculated with <em>Azospirillum</em> <em>brasilenes</em>. The effect of the interactions between the three studied factors on most the studied parameters was significant increase except the number of <em>Azospirillum</em> <em>brasilenes </em>per gram soil, grain yield in second season, straw yield in the second season, nitrogen uptake by grain in the second season and nitrogen uptake by straw in the second season and total nitrogen uptake in the second season was not significant. The results indicated that application of mineral nitrogen fertilizer at the rete 56.25 kg N fed<sup>-1</sup> (75% from RD 75 kg N fed<sup>-1</sup>) combined with organic fertilizer at rate 10 ton fed<sup>-1</sup> to the silty clay loam soil cultivated with wheat plant and inoculation with <em>Azospirillum</em> <em>brasilenes</em> improved quantity and quality of wheat yields.Mansoura University, Faculty of AgricultureJournal of Soil Sciences and Agricultural Engineering2090-36857520160501Impact of Mineral, Organic and Bio Fertilizers on Growth, Yield and Quality of Fodder Beet under Sandy Soil Conditions in North Sinai3453523965010.21608/jssae.2016.39650ENA. KhatabSoils, Water and Environ. Res. Inst., Agric. Res. Center (ARC), Giza, EgyptNadia HemeidSoils, Water and Environ. Res. Inst., Agric. Res. Center (ARC), Giza, EgyptAmira MohamedSoils, Water and Environ. Res. Inst., Agric. Res. Center (ARC), Giza, EgyptJournal Article20160507A field experiments was carried out at a private farm a; (Yamit village). Rafah in Governorate of North Sinai (31<sup>o</sup> 16' 27" N. 34<sup>o</sup> 10' 07" E at an altitude 7m) in two successive winter seasons of 2013/2014 and 2014/2015 to study the effect of some nitrogen sources viz.)60 kg Nfed<sup>-1</sup> as NH<sub>4</sub>NO<sub>3</sub> + 2t Compost fed<sup>-1</sup>), (60 kg N fed<sup>-1</sup> + biofertilizer mixed with seeds, BF as N<sub>2</sub> fixation), (2 t Compost fed<sup>-1</sup> + BF) and (120 Kg N fed<sup>-1</sup> only, as a recommended level) and three P fertilizer levels 15, 30, 45 kg P<sub>2</sub>O<sub>5</sub> fed<sup>-1</sup>, as single superphosphate on fodder beet growth attributes, yield and its components and quality under drip irrigation system prevailing in the region. The results showed that application of (60 kg N fed<sup>-1</sup> + 2t compost fed<sup>-1</sup>) produced the highest significant level of chlorophyll contents in leaves of fodder beet whereas the other N sources came in this order: (120 kg N fed<sup>-1</sup>) > (2 t compost fed<sup>-1</sup> + BF) > (60 kg N fed<sup>-1</sup> + BF). Also, this treatment significantly surpassed the other treatments in respect of fresh and dry top weights plant<sup>-1</sup> and dry root weight plant<sup>-1</sup> of fodder beet. The significant promotive effect of (60 kg N fed<sup>-1</sup> + 2t compost fed<sup>-1</sup>) treatment extended to include dry top and root yields ton fed<sup>-1</sup>as well as N, P and K nutrients content in leaves and roots. Application of 45 kg P<sub>2</sub>O<sub>5</sub>fed<sup>-1</sup> brought about the highest significant fresh top yield (ton fed<sup>-1</sup>) whereas application of 30 kg P<sub>2</sub>O<sub>5</sub> fed<sup>-1</sup> significantly yielded the best fresh root yield and there were no significant differences among P levels in dry top and root yields. The promotive significant effect of application of 45 kg P<sub>2</sub>O<sub>5</sub> fed<sup>-1</sup> extended to include NO<sub>2</sub>, NO<sub>3</sub> and total carbohydrate contents in leaves and roots of fodder beet; respectively. Also, application of 45 kg P<sub>2</sub>O<sub>5</sub> fed<sup>-1</sup> gave the highest significant effect on N, P and K content in leaves and roots of fodder beet.Mansoura University, Faculty of AgricultureJournal of Soil Sciences and Agricultural Engineering2090-36857520160501Effect of Anhydrous Ammonia and Compost as Well as N2-Fixing Bacteria on Wheat Plants (Triticum aestavium l.) Grown in Clayey Soils3533633965310.21608/jssae.2016.39653ENLamyaa Abd El-RahmanSoils, water and Environmen Res. Inst., Agric. Res. Center (ARC), Giza, Egypt.Journal Article20160510Two field experiments were conducted on a clayey soil at the experimental farm of Gemmeiza Research Station, Al-Gharbia Governorate, Egypt (region Egypt 30 43 latitude and 31 07 longitude ) during winter seasan of 2013/2014 and 2014/2015, to study the response of wheat plants (<em>Triticum aestivum</em>cv. Sakha 93) to application of nitrogen fertilizer from two sources <em>i.e</em>. Anhydrous Ammonia, (AA) at different rates i.e., 0, 50, 75 and 100 kg N fed.<sup>-1</sup> and compost (CO) at rates of, 0, 3 and 6 mega gram,( Mg fed.<sup>-1</sup>) in presence or absence of bio inoculation with <em>Azotobacter</em> <em>chroccocum</em> on wheat productivity and macronutrient contents. Also, some soil properties after harvest were taken into consideration. The obtained results could be summarized as follows: 1) Straw, grain and biological yields were significantly increased as a result of different treatments application . The corresponding highest values of biological yield (8.86 Mg fed<sup>–1</sup>( and (3.96 Mg fed<sup>–1</sup> (for grain yield, respectively were obtained due to the applied treatment of (anhydrous ammonia at 100 kg N fed.<sup>-1</sup> + 6 Mg fed.<sup>-1</sup> compost + bio). The same treatment led to a significant increase in 1000-grain weight. 2) Content of N, P & K by wheat straw was significantly affected by the addition of different treatments. The highest values (76.9 and 128.4 kg fed.<sup>-1</sup>) for N and K content, respectively were obtained due to the addition treatment of (100kg N fed.<sup>-1</sup> as AA + 6 Mg fed.<sup>-1</sup> compost + bio) while, (26.8 kg fed.<sup>-1</sup>) for P- content was observed owing to (anhydrous ammonia at 100 kg N fed.<sup>-1</sup> + 6 Mg fed.<sup>-1</sup> compost). 3) Content of N, P & K by wheat grain was clearly affected by the addition of different treatments. The highest values (87.1, 26.9 and 80.0 kg fed.<sup>-1</sup>), respectively were obtained due to the same treatment of grain yield. 4) Highest protein content and protein yield for grains were obtained due to the addition treatment of (anhydrous ammonia at 100 kg N fed.<sup>-1</sup> + 6 Mg fed.<sup>-1</sup> compost + bio). 5) Maximum harvest index and yield efficiency were obtained due to (50 kg N fed.<sup>-1</sup> as anhydrous ammonia + biofertilization) treatment. 6) The electrical conductivity (EC dSm<sup>-1</sup>) and soil pH values decreased due to the Addition of treatments as compared with the non-treated plots. 7) Soil available N, P and K were increased due to application of different treatments relative to untreated plots. The highest values were observed due to (anhydrous ammonia at 100 kg N fed.<sup>-1</sup> + 6 Mg fed.<sup>-1</sup> compost + biofertilization) treatment.Mansoura University, Faculty of AgricultureJournal of Soil Sciences and Agricultural Engineering2090-36857520160501Response of Roselle Plants (Hibiscus sabdariffa l.) to Pressed Olive Cake Compost Types and Potassium Fertilization Rates on Newly Reclaimed Soils at Siwa Oasis, Egypt3653733964410.21608/jssae.2016.39644ENA. KhatabSoils, Water and Environment Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center, Giza, EgyptJournal Article20160514This investigation was carried out during the two seasons of 2013 and 2014 at the experimental farm of Matrouh Agricultural Research Station, Siwa Oasis, Matrouh Governorate, Egypt, (29.11° N latitude and 25.33° E longitude). The study aiming at evaluating the effect of two types of composts pressed olive cake (POC) and POC+CM (chicken manure) combined potassium fertilizer levels and their interactions on yield, yield components and some sepals chemical constituents of Rosella plants. The obtained results could be summarized as follows:- * The investigated compost types exerted significant effects on plant height, branches No. plant<sup>-1</sup>, seed yield (g plant<sup>-1</sup>) and seed yield (kg fed<sup>-1</sup>) of Roselle plants, and POC+CM compost exhibited the highest figures in 1<sup>st</sup> and 2<sup>nd</sup> seasons. The adopted K fertilization rates significantly affected the abovementioned parameters, which gradually increased due to increasing k fertilization ratefigures in the 1<sup>st</sup> and 2<sup>nd</sup> seasons. All the parameters were significantly influenced due to the interaction and the highest values were recorded under POC+CM compost and 48 kg K<sub>2</sub>Ofed<sup>-1</sup> rate interaction in 1<sup>st</sup> and 2<sup>nd</sup> seasons. *Sepals yield and its components of Roselle plants were significantly influenced due to the tested compost types and K fertilization rates and interaction in 1<sup>st</sup> and 2<sup>nd</sup> seasons. Both POC+CM compost and 48 kg K<sub>2</sub>O fed<sup>-1</sup> rate exhibited the highest figures of the abovementioned parameters 1<sup>st</sup> and 2<sup>nd</sup> seasons. The highest values of sepals yield and its components were attained due to POC+CM compost as interacted with 48 kg K<sub>2</sub>Ofed<sup>-1</sup> rate in 1<sup>st</sup> and 2<sup>nd</sup> seasons. *N, P and K% of roselle petals were significantly influenced due to the investigated compost types and K fertilization rates. The highest N, P and K figures were attained with both POC+CM compost and 48 kg K<sub>2</sub>O fed<sup>-1 </sup>rate 1<sup>st</sup> and 2<sup>nd</sup> seasons. In addition, interaction of POC+CM compost and 48 kg K<sub>2</sub>O fed<sup>-1</sup>rate exhibited the highest values, however, the differences did not reach the significance level, and such trend was true in1<sup>st</sup> and 2<sup>nd</sup> seasons. * Chemical constituents of roselle sepals e.g. total carbohydrates, anthocyanin ascorbic acid contents and pH were significantly influenced due to K fertilization rates, whereas compost type exhibited similar trend, except with pH1<sup>st</sup> and 2<sup>nd</sup> seasons. POC+CM compost and 48 kg K<sub>2</sub>O fed<sup>-1 </sup>rate interaction still exhibiting the highest values of the abovementioned parameters, however, the differences did not reach the significance level, and such trend was true in1<sup>st</sup> and 2<sup>nd</sup> seasons. On conclusion, supplying POC compost combined with 48 kg K<sub>2</sub>O fed<sup>-1 </sup>resulted in higher values of sepals yield and quality and macronutrients uptake as well, however, it is advisable to replace POC compost by POC compost +CM which absolutely exhibited the highest values of the studied parameters under the present experimental conditions.Mansoura University, Faculty of AgricultureJournal of Soil Sciences and Agricultural Engineering2090-36857520160501Effect of Irrigation Water Management on Wheat Yield3753823965810.21608/jssae.2016.39658ENS. SorourAgronomy Department, Faculty of Agriculture, P.O.Box 33516, Kafrelsheikh University, EgyptA. RagabAgronomy Department, Faculty of Agriculture, P.O.Box 33516, Kafrelsheikh University, EgyptH. Abdel-RaheemWater Management Research Institute, National Water Research Center, P. O. Box 13621/5, Delta Barrage, Qalubia, Egypt.A. MelehaWater Management Research Institute, National Water Research Center, P. O. Box 13621/5, Delta Barrage, Qalubia, Egypt.Journal Article20160518Two field experiments were conducted at El Karda experimental research station, kafr El Sheikh governorate, Water Management and Irrigation System Research Institute, National Water Research Center, Egypt during two seasons of 2012/2013 and 2013/2014 to study the effect of planting methods and irrigation treatments on yield of wheat and irrigation water management. Experiment laid out in strip plot design with three replicates. Main plots devoted to planting methods as assigned to six planting methods; Flat broadcasting (FB), Flat Drill (FD), Flat Hill (FH), Bed broadcasting (BB), Bed Drill (BD), and Bed Hill (BH), the sub plots were three levels of irrigation water applied; Calculation of water applied according to soil depth 0-20 cm as root length to reach soil moisture before irrigation to field capacity (I<sub>1</sub>), Calculation of water applied according to soil depth 0-40 cm as root length to reach soil moisture before irrigation to field capacity (I<sub>2</sub>), and Calculation of water applied according to soil depth 0-60 cm as root length to reach soil moisture before irrigation to field capacity (I<sub>3</sub>). The important results that obtained from present work were as follows:- Planting methods had non-significant effect on grain yield in the first season and a highly significant effect in the second season. Also, irrigation levels had non-significant effect and interaction between both Planting methods and irrigation levels in both seasons.- Planting methods had a significant effect on straw yield in first season, and a highly significant effect in second season, and irrigation levels had non-significant effect, and the interaction between planting method and Irrigation levels in both seasons.-Flat broadcasting with calculation of water applied according to soil depth 0-60 cm as root length to reach soil moisture before irrigation to field capacity had the highest value of seasonal water applied in the first and second season. While, the lowest value of seasonal water applied recorded with bed drill with calculation of water applied according to soil depth 0-20 cm as root length to reach soil moisture before irrigation to field capacity.-The highest average value of water saving was obtained with bed drill and bed hill with calculation of water applied according to soil depth 0-20 cm as root length to reach soil moisture before irrigation to field capacity, and the lowest value was obtained with flat drill and flat hill with calculation of water applied according to soil depth 0-60 cm as root length to reach soil moisture before irrigation to field capacity.-The highest value of water consumptive use was recorded under flat broadcasting with calculation of water applied according to soil depth 0-60 cm as root length to reach soil moisture before irrigation to field capacity, while the lowest value was recorded under flat broadcasting with calculation of water applied according to soil depth 0-20 cm as root length to reach soil moisture before irrigation to field capacity.-Bed drill and bed hill under calculation of water applied according to soil depth 0-20 cm as root length to reach soil moisture before irrigation to field capacity recorded the highest mean values of irrigation water productivity in the two growing seasons.-Bed hill with calculation of water applied according to soil depth 0-20 cm as root length to reach soil moisture before irrigation to field capacity recorded the maximum value of water productivity in the first and second seasons, while the minimum value of water productivity was obtained with Flat broadcasting under calculation of water applied according to soil depth 0-60 cm as root length to reach soil moisture before irrigation to field capacity in the first and second seasons.