YIELD AND YIELD COMPONENTS OF SUNFLOWER AND SOME PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF DIFFERENT USED SOILS AS AFFECTED BY ORGANIC AND MINERAL FERTILIZATION.

Two Iysimeter experiments were carried out during 2001 and 2002 seasons at
EI-Gemmeiza Agricultural Research Station, to study the effect of two organic
fertilization treatments (farmyard manure and chicken manflre) and three nitrogen
levels (0,30 and 40 kg Nffed.) as well as their interactions of yield, yield components
and oil content of sunflower and some physical and chemical properties of Ihe
different soils ( Clay. Loamy, Sandy and Calcareous) under the study. Split plot
design with two replicates were used. The obtained results could be summarized as
follows:-
1- Dry matter, plant height, head diameter, 100- seed weight and seed yield per fed.
of sunflower were increased with chicken manure than farmyard manure for all
soils under the present study. Also, all the previous Characteristics were increased
by increasing nitrogen levels addition in all soils.
2- The highest values of dry matter, plant height, head diameter, 100-seed weight
and seed yield per fed. were obtained from loamy soil with chicken manure at 40
kg Nffed.
3- Seed oil and seed protein percentage were increased with chicken manure than
farmyard manure in all soils, except the clay one. Also, they were increased by
increasing nitrogen levels addition in all soils, except the clay one where they
were decreased at the highest nitrogen doses over than 30 kg Nlfed.
4- The highest value of seed oil percentage was recorded by clay soil with farmyard
manure at 30 nitrogen unite, while the highest one of seed protein percentage
was recorded by loamy soil with chicken manure at 40 nitrogen unit.
5· Chicken manure caused an increase in seed and straw nitrogen percentage than
farmyard manure in all soils, except the clay one in seed nitrogen percentage and
raising nitrogen levels caused an increase in seed and straw nitrogen percentage,
except the clay one, the seed nitrogen was reduced after 30 kg N/fed.
6- The highest values of seed and straw nitrogen percentage were obtained from the
loamy soil, coupled with chicken manure at 40 unite from nitrogen per feddan.
7 - Available soil nitrogen after harvesting was increased with chicken manure
compared with farmyard manure in all soils, also the increase was found in soil
available nitrogen after harvesting by raising nitrogen levels addition in all soils.
8· The highest value of available soil nitrogen was obtained from the loamy soil with
Chicken manure at 40 unit nitrogen per feddan.
9- The values of bulk density were decreased and total porosity were increased with
chicken manure compared with farmyard manure, also with increasing nitrogen
levels addition, but hydraulic conductivity values were increased in clay and loamy
soils, while they were decreased in sandy and calcareous ones.
10- The lowest value of bulk density and the highest one of total porosity were
obtained from clay soil with chicken manure at 40 kg N/fed. , while the lowest
value of hydraulic conductivity was obtained from the clay soil with farmyard
manure at zero nitrogen level.