Bagour, M., Jacob, A., Fahsi, A. (2006). ASSESSMENT OF SOME ENVIRONMENTAL ASPECTS DUE TO THE SMOKE PLUME AS RESULTS OF OIL FIRES DURING 1991 GULF WAR OPERATIONS USING LANDSAT - 'l'M IMAGE: 1 - JUBAIL AREA. Journal of Soil Sciences and Agricultural Engineering, 31(9), 6103-6114. doi: 10.21608/jssae.2022.222451
M. H. Bagour; A. Jacob; A. Fahsi. "ASSESSMENT OF SOME ENVIRONMENTAL ASPECTS DUE TO THE SMOKE PLUME AS RESULTS OF OIL FIRES DURING 1991 GULF WAR OPERATIONS USING LANDSAT - 'l'M IMAGE: 1 - JUBAIL AREA". Journal of Soil Sciences and Agricultural Engineering, 31, 9, 2006, 6103-6114. doi: 10.21608/jssae.2022.222451
Bagour, M., Jacob, A., Fahsi, A. (2006). 'ASSESSMENT OF SOME ENVIRONMENTAL ASPECTS DUE TO THE SMOKE PLUME AS RESULTS OF OIL FIRES DURING 1991 GULF WAR OPERATIONS USING LANDSAT - 'l'M IMAGE: 1 - JUBAIL AREA', Journal of Soil Sciences and Agricultural Engineering, 31(9), pp. 6103-6114. doi: 10.21608/jssae.2022.222451
Bagour, M., Jacob, A., Fahsi, A. ASSESSMENT OF SOME ENVIRONMENTAL ASPECTS DUE TO THE SMOKE PLUME AS RESULTS OF OIL FIRES DURING 1991 GULF WAR OPERATIONS USING LANDSAT - 'l'M IMAGE: 1 - JUBAIL AREA. Journal of Soil Sciences and Agricultural Engineering, 2006; 31(9): 6103-6114. doi: 10.21608/jssae.2022.222451
ASSESSMENT OF SOME ENVIRONMENTAL ASPECTS DUE TO THE SMOKE PLUME AS RESULTS OF OIL FIRES DURING 1991 GULF WAR OPERATIONS USING LANDSAT - 'l'M IMAGE: 1 - JUBAIL AREA
1Department of Arld Land Agriculture, King Abdulaziz University. JeddahII Saudi Arabia.
2Envlronmental Consulting Bureau. Rakah, AI-Khobar. Saudi Arabia
Abstract
The 1991 Gulf War affected dramatically the environment of some countries in the Middle East. specially Kuwaiti, Saudi Arabia and Iraq. The military operations. crude oil release into the Arabian Gulf and burning of Kuwait's oil wells were the main causes. Remotely sensed data acquired at three different dates, namely. pre-. post- war and present times were the basic lnforrnation for the current study. The results showed clearly that the areas that had vegetation loss appear to correspond with the increasing period of smoke plume from west to east of the study area. It could be stated that the vast majority of changes had occurred in the northeast and east portion of the Kingdom. The agricultural areas had experienced extreme changes where. They were affected by the soot and other fallout from the smoke plume.
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